Izinyamazane ezifiphele - engajahile futhi enomusa, ngakho-ke, emasikweni amaningi omhlaba, kufanekisela ukuzinikela, ukuba wedwa nobuhle bemvelo. Lezi zimfanelo ziyisici sawo wonke ama-subspecies alesi silwane, okungaphezu kweshumi nambili nengxenye. Zibonakala nangokuba khona kwezimpondo ezinamagatsha kwabesilisa nombala woboya obonakalayo.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo inyamazane yesika
Inyamazane ebomvu evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizilwane ze-taiga, ngoba zithanda ukucasha ehlathini eliminyene lamahlathi abanzi namahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Kodwa-ke, i-subspecies ngayinye inezidingo zayo zemvelo.
Izindondo, ezitholakala ezintabeni zaseSayan, zikhetha izingxenyeni ezingenhla zamahlathi, aphenduke kahle abe yindawo yezimfunda zasezintabeni. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zithanda amahlathi e-oak angenalutho, kanti izinyamazane iBukhara zithanda amahlathi kapopula nezihlahla eziminyene ezisogwini lomfula.
Izilwane zasentabeni zikhetha imithambeka esenyakatho ehlobo, nezaseningizimu ebusika. EMpumalanga Ekude, inyamazane yesika ingatholakala eduze nogu lolwandle, lapho kudla khona izimila zasolwandle nosawoti.
Ehlobo, lezi zilwane zinombala obomvu ngokubomvu ngokufakwa okumhlophe, kepha ebusika ijazi liyaphela kancane kancane, lithole umthunzi ompunga omnyama. Zinomhlwenga omude, ojiyile emqaleni wazo, nendawo enkulu emhlophe endaweni yomsila, ebasiza ukuba banamathele ehlathini elicinene. Ebusuku, ubukhazikhazi bamehlo busebenza njengendawo yokukhomba komunye nomunye, ekhanya ebumnyameni ngamalambu e-orange amnyama.
Okungaphansi kwalaba bantu abangasetshenziswanga kuhluke kakhulu ngosayizi. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-wapiti kanye nezomdanso zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5 ubude zize zibe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-300, kanti inyamazane encane yaseBukhara inesisindo esiphindwe kathathu nobude bomzimba obunesizotha - kusuka kumasentimitha angama-75 kuye kwangama-90.
Ukuma kwezimpondo nakho kwehlukile. Izinyamazane zaseYurophu, isibonelo, zibonakala ngenani elikhulu lama-appendages, kanti inyamazane ebomvu inophondo olukhulu, olunamagatsha olungenamqhele. Ubukhulu bendawo ehlala inyamazane yesika kuncike kwikhwalithi nevolumu yokuphakelwa kokudla. Ngokwanda kokuphakelwa kokudla, isilinganiso sendawo okuhlalwa kuyo siyehla.
Imingcele yomhlambi wabo, efinyelela kumakhilomitha-skwele amaningana, imakwa futhi igadwe ngabantu abadala ngokucophelela okukhulu, bexosha abantu abangabazi abadukile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izinyamazane zasendle zasendle - isilwane esiyimfihlo, esinamahloni, esithule futhi esiqaphile kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana naye emahlathini ehlathi, ngoba uyakwazi ukuhogela ukusondela komuntu noma kwezilwane ezidlayo kude kakhulu. Ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu nokuzwa kahle kwephunga kuyamsiza kulokhu.
Kunezitha eziningi ezinyamazane ze-sika. Eduzane nomgodi wokunisela, zingalandelwa phansi futhi zizungezwe izimpisi ezinobuqili. Zizingelwa izingwe ezisheshayo, amahlosi, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izilwane ezincane zihlaselwa yi-Ussuri yellow martens (kharza) nama-lynx. Kunzima kakhulu ngezinyamazane ebusika, lapho kuneqhwa eliningi, nasentwasahlobo ngenxa yobuthakathaka obujwayelekile bomzimba.
Noma kunjalo, lezi zilwane akunakubizwa ngokuthi izisulu ezilula. Zigijima ngokushesha okukhulu ngesikhathi sokufuna futhi zingagijimela ngisho nokubhukuda uma indlela yokuhlehla ngomhlaba kuvela ukuthi ivinjwe yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Ezimweni ezinjalo i-sika inyamazane iyagxuma emanzini bese usuka ngokushesha ogwini. Unamandla anele okunqoba ibanga lamakhilomitha ambalwa. Ngenkathi isebenza, ukuphakama kokugxuma kwezilwane ezinselo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5, kanti ubude bucishe bube ngu-8.
Izinyamazane zakwaSika zihlala zizinze ngamaqembu amancane, yize ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha zingabumbana zihlanganise imihlambi emikhulu. Zidla ikakhulu ebumnyameni ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Ukudla
Izinyamazane ezidwebile - imifino isilwane. Idla izitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo, kanye namantongomane, imidumba, ama-acorn, ubulembu, amajikijolo, imbewu, ama-chestnut. Ama-ungulates awathobeki ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho kufanele athole amaqabunga abunile, izinaliti, amagxolo ezihlahla ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ukuze bondle imizimba yabo ngezakhamzimba, bakhotha usawoti futhi badle umhlaba ocebile ngamaminerali. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ama-reindeer adinga ukudla okwengeziwe, ngakho-ke ehlathini, abazingeli bahlala bebaphakela ngokudla okwengeziwe.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo yenyamazane yeSika
Umkhaba wezinyamazane ze-sika uqala ekwindla. Umdumo onamandla wabesilisa, ohlangana cishe abesifazane abayi-2 kuye kwabangu-20, uzwakala inyanga yonke. Kwesinye isikhathi kungaba nezimpi phakathi kwezimbangi zobuqhawe. Zibe sezishayisana nezimpondo ngamandla okuthi umsindo uzwakale ebangeni elingamamitha angamakhulu amaningana.
Owesifazane uletha inzalo yokuqala eneminyaka engama-2-3, ethwala inzalo izinyanga eziyi-7.5. Njengomthetho, ubeletha ingane eyodwa, okuthi, emva kokuzalwa kwezinsuku eziyishumi, ilele buthule otshanini.
Umama udla eduze, aphazamise izinyamazane ezivela ezinyamazaneni ezibuthakathaka. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, usabuthakathaka impela futhi udinga ukondliwa njalo. Ngemuva kwalokho ushintsha ukutshala ukudla, yize eqhubeka nokuthola ubisi lwebele kuze kube unyaka ngobuningi obuncane.
Cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-12 zokuphila, amaqhubu aqala ukuvela kancane ebunzini labesilisa, eligcina liphenduke izimpondo ezinamandla. Namanje akukenziwa ossified Izimpondo zenyamazane yeSika ube nenani lemithi elingandile, eliholele ekuqothulweni okukhulu kwalezi zilwane.
Imibango, imisila, igazi, imithambo, izikhumba nenyama yama-ungulates nayo iyadingeka, ngakho ukuzingelwa kwabantu abaningi kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 izinyamazane eziboshiwe yaba rarity futhi yafakwa ku- "Incwadi Ebomvu" njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Isimo futhi sisindiswe ngokuvulwa kwamapulazi akhethekile ama-reindeer ahlinzeka ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zemithi. Kepha inani labantu Ussuri sika inyamazane yayingakaze ibuyiselwe ngokuphelele. Indawo ehlala kuyo incane kakhulu kuze kube namuhla.
Abesilisa bachitha izimpondo zabo minyaka yonke eduze kwentwasahlobo. Izimpondo zokuqala azimangalisi, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-12, inombolo enkulu yezinqubo ivela kuzo.
Njengoba ifinyelele amandla amakhulu, i-reindeer iya buthaka kancane kancane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubugatsha nobuhle bezimpondo zabo ezidumile kuyalahleka. Endle, lezi zilwane zingaphila iminyaka engaphezulu kwesigamu nesigamu, kepha izingane ezineminyaka engama-20 nazo ziyatholakala emapulazini naseziqiwini.
