I-Singa (Melanitta nigra) noma i-scooper emnyama ingeyomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-xingha
UXinga umele amadada okuntywila anosayizi ophakathi nendawo (45 - 54) cm namaphiko amaphiko angama-78 - 94 cm. Isisindo: 1.2 - 1.6 kg.
Ngeyabo abashayeli bezikuta. Owesilisa ekuzaleni izimpaphe zombala omnyama oqinile ngamaphethelo ephiko elikhanyayo. Ikhanda linsundu ngokumpunga. Phansi kobuso kumhlophe mpunga. Uqhwaku luyisicaba, lubanzi esisekelweni nolunokuphuma okubonakalayo, ludwetshwe lube mnyama futhi lunendawo ephuzi. Uqhwaku olungaphezulu engxenyeni emaphakathi ukusuka esisekelweni kuye emarigold luphuzi, eceleni konqenqema lomlomo kukhona ukuhlangana okumnyama. Izimpaphe zasehlobo zesilisa ziyafiphala, izimpaphe zithole umbala onsundu, indawo ephuzi esemlonyeni iphenduka iphaphathekile. Insikazi inezimpaphe ezinsundu ngombala onephethini elikhanyayo elikhanyayo. Kukhona ikepisi elimnyama ekhanda lakhe. Izihlathi, i-goiter nomzimba ophansi zikhanya ngokusobala. Izinto zangaphansi zimnyama.
Uqhwaku lwensikazi luyimpunga, akukho ukukhula.
Izidladla zesifazane neziduna zinsundu ngokunyama. Umsila mude unezimpaphe eziqinile nokumise okwekhanda, okuyinto idada eliyiphakamisayo kancane ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, bese liyidonsa entanyeni.
UXingha uswele umugqa ohlukile ephikweni - "isibuko", ngalesi sici inyoni ingahlukaniswa kalula nezinhlobo ezihlobene. Umsila mude unezimpaphe eziqinile nokumise okwekhanda. Amachwane ambozwe phansi ngombala onsundu ngokumpunga onsundu ngezindawo ezincane zokukhanya ngaphansi kwesifuba, izihlathi nentamo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-xingha
USinga uyinyoni efudukayo nehambelayo. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlobo, izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukanisiwe ziyahlukaniswa, enye yazo isatshalaliswa enyakatho ye-Eurasia (entshonalanga yeSiberia), enye eNyakatho Melika. Indawo eseningizimu inqunyelwe yi-55th parallel. ISinga itholakala emazweni aseScandinavia, enyakatho yeRussia naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngokuyinhloko, luhlobo lokufuduka.
Amadada achitha ubusika oLwandle iMedithera, avele e-Italy ngamanani amancane, ebusika ngasogwini lwaseNyakatho Afrika lwe-Atlantic eMorocco naseningizimu yeSpain. Bachitha futhi ubusika eBaltic naseNyakatho Yezilwandle, ngasogwini lweBritish Isles naseFrance, ezifundeni zase-Asia, bavame ukulinda izimo ezingezinhle emanzini asogwini lwaseChina, eJapan naseKorea. Zivame ukuvela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Isidleke seSinghi enyakatho.
Indawo yaseXinghi
USinga uhlala emathafeni nasehlathini. ISinga ikhetha amachibi e-tundra avulekile, ama-moss bogs anamachibi amancane enyakatho ye-taiga. Kwenzeka emifuleni egeleza kancane, ithobela amatheku angajulile namatheku namabhayi. Angahlali ezindaweni ezingaphakathi kwezwekazi. Lolu uhlobo olujwayelekile lwamadada ezindaweni zawo zokuhlala, kepha ukugxila okukhulu kwezinyoni akubonwa. Uchitha ubusika ngasogwini lolwandle, ezindaweni ezivikeleke emimoyeni enamandla ngamanzi azolile.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesinga
UXingi uyinyoni eyodwa. Zizala emva kwezikhathi ezimbili zobusika, lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni emibili. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngoMashi kuya kuJuni. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke zikhethwa eduze kwamachibi, amachibi, imifula egeleza kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi zihlala esidlekeni naseceleni konqenqema lwehlathi.
Isidleke sitholakala phansi, imvamisa singaphansi kwesihlahla.
Izitshalo ze-herbaceous ezomile kanye ne-fluff yizinto zokwakha. Ku-clutch kunamaqanda amakhulu ayi-6 kuya kwayi-9 anesisindo esingama-gramu angama-74 ombala oluhlaza okotshani. Yinsikazi kuphela efukamela izinsuku ezingama-30 - 31; imboza amaqanda ngongqimba phansi lapho ishiya isidleke. Eziduna azizaleli amaphuphu. Zishiya izindawo zazo zokwakha izidleke ngoJuni-Julayi zibuyele ogwini lwaseBaltic naseNyakatho yolwandle, noma zigcine amachibi amakhulu eTundra.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-drakes molt futhi awakwazi ukundiza. Amachwane ayoma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela futhi alandele idada echibini. Umbala wezimpaphe zamadada uyafana nowesifazane, umthunzi ophaphathekile kuphela. Lapho zinezinsuku ezingama-45 kuya kwezingama-50, amadada amancane ayazimela, kepha abhukuda ngemihlambi. Ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, ama-Singhi aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-15.
Izici zokuziphatha kukaXingi
USingi ubuthana emihlambini ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela. Ndawonye nabanye abahlaziyi bahlala emakoloni, kepha imvamisa behlangene nomuntu ojwayelekile. Zithola ukudla ngemihlambi emincane. Amadada agxuma kakhulu futhi abhukude, esebenzisa amaphiko awo lapho ehamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Musa ukuntanta phezulu ngemizuzwana engama-45.
Emhlabeni zihamba kabi, ziphakamisa umzimba ngokuqinile, ngoba imilenze yezinyoni ibuyiselwe emuva futhi ayilungiselwanga kahle ukuhamba phansi, kepha endaweni yasemanzini lezo zidladla ziyadingeka ukubhukuda. Ukusuka ngaphezulu echibini, i-xinghi isuka ngokungathandi futhi kakhulu. Amadada andizela phansi futhi ashesha ngaphezu kwamanzi, imvamisa ngendlela yesigaxa. Ukundiza kowesilisa kuyashesha, kuhambisana nokushaya amaphiko okunomdlandla, insikazi indiza buthule. Owesilisa wenza imisindo ezwakala ikhala futhi imnandi, insikazi iyakhwishiza ngokundiza.
USingi ufika sekwedlule isikhathi ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke. Zivela esitsheni sasePechora nasenhlonhlweni iKola ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, futhi kamuva naseYamal, engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni. Ekwindla, amadada ashiya izindawo zawo zokwakha sekwephuze kakhulu, lapho nje iqhwa lokuqala livela.
Ukudla kukaXingi
UXingi udla ama-crustaceans, izimbaza namanye ama-molluscs. Ziphila ngokudla izibungu ze-dragonfly kanye ne-chironomids (omiyane ababizwa ngokuthi ama-pusher). Izinhlanzi ezincane zibanjwa emanzini ahlanzekile. Amadada athonela inyamazane ekujuleni kwamamitha angamashumi amathathu. UXingi naye udla ukudla kwezitshalo, kepha isabelo sabo ekudleni kwamadada asisikhulu.
Signi incazelo
IXinga ingeyezinhlobo zezinyoni ezithengiswayo. Ikakhulukazi bavame ukuzingela amadada ogwini lwaseBaltic. Lolu hlobo alunalo inani elibalulekile lokuhweba ngenxa yenani lalo elincane.
Ama-singha subspecies
IXinga yakha izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo ezincane:
- IMelanitta nigra nigra, ama-subspecies ase-Atlantic.
- IMelanitta nigra americana iyi-singa yaseMelika ebizwa nangokuthi iBlack Scooter.
Isimo sokongiwa kweXingha
IXinga wuhlobo lwamadada olusakazeke kabanzi. Ezindaweni zokuhlala zezinhlobo, kukhona abantu abayisigidi esingu-1.9 kuya kweziyi-2.4. Inani lezinyoni lizinzile impela, lolu hlobo alunazo izinsongo ezikhethekile, ngakho-ke aludingi ukuvikelwa. IXinga izingelwa abadobi nabazingeli bezemidlalo. Badubula amadada ebaleka, lapho izinyoni zihlangana khona ngemihlambi emikhulu. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokwakha isidleke, ukuzingela kuqala ekwindla. Esigodini sasePechora, iSinga ibala amaphesenti ayishumi okubanjwa kwawo wonke amadada.
