I-Stonefuck (i-Histrionicus histrionicus) eyomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zetshe
Izimpaphe zimibalabala ngokweqile, zinemibala eminingi. Umzimba wesilisa yi-blue-slate, nokufakwa okumhlophe nokumnyama. Izimpaphe ekhanda nasentanyeni zimnyama matte. Amachashazi amhlophe atholakala emakhaleni, ukuvulwa kwezindlebe nangemuva kwentamo. Kunamanye amabala amancane amhlophe amabili ngemuva kwamehlo. Ezinhlangothini zekhanda, ngaphansi kwamabala amhlophe, kunemivimbo yembala onsundu onsundu. Umgexo omhlophe omncane awuyizungezi ngokuphelele intamo. Olunye ulayini omhlophe onamacala amnyama wehla wehla esifubeni. Uppertail nangemuva kumnyama. Izinhlangothi zinsundu.
Kukhona indawo encane emhlophe eguqukayo emphethweni wephiko. Ingxenye engezansi yezimpiko inombala onsundu. Izimpaphe emahlombe zimhlophe. Izindwangu zamaphiko zimpunga-mnyama. Isibuko esimnyama nesiluhlaza ngokukhazimula. I-sacrum iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mpunga. Umsila umnyama-nsundu. Uqhwaku lungumnqumo onsundu, onozipho olubonakalayo olukhanyayo. Ama-paws anombala onsundu ngokunsundu nolwelwesi olumnyama Iris yeso insundu. Idrake esezimpapheni zasehlobo ngemuva kwe-molting imbozwe ngezimpaphe zethoni elimnyama nsundu.
Insikazi yehluke kakhulu kowesilisa ngombala wezimpaphe.
Izimpaphe zedada zinombala onsundu onsundu ngombala womnqumo. Kunezindawo ezintathu ezivelele ezimhlophe ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ingxenyeni engezansi yomzimba imhlophe ngemivimbo ensundu encane efiphalisiwe. Izimpiko zinombala onsundu onsundu, umsila unombala ofanayo. Umthethosivivinywa nezinyawo kunombala onsundu ngokumpunga. Amatshe amade afana nezinsikazi ezindala ezimpapheni zasekwindla, kepha umbala wokugcina uvela onyakeni wesibili ngemuva kokuncibilika okuningana.
Kusakazeka itshe
I-kamenushka inebanga leHolarctic, eliphazanyiswa ezindaweni. Isakazeka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia, indawo yayo yokuhlala iqhubeka iye eLena River naseLake Baikal. Enyakatho, itholakala eduze kwe-Arctic Circle, eningizimu ifinyelela ePrimorye. Kwenzeka eduze kwaseKamchatka nase-Commander Islands. Izidleke ezihlukene cishe. I-Askold oLwandle lwaseJapan. Isatshalaliswa ezwenikazi laseMelika ngasogwini olusenyakatho nePacific, ithatha indawo yeCordillera kanye neRocky Mountains. Ukuqhubeka nokuhlala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeLabrador, ogwini lwase-Iceland naseGreenland.
Indawo yokuhlala kwenundu
I-Kamenushki ihlala ezindaweni lapho kuhlala kunokugeleza kwamanzi okunesilinganiso sokugeleza okuphezulu, imvamisa ezindaweni ezinjalo kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinyoni. Ngasogwini lolwandle, zidla emaphethelweni ezixhobo. Zibuyela maphakathi nezwe esidlekeni.
Izici zokuziphatha kukamakhi
I-Kamenushki yizinyoni ezifunda isikole ezondla, zincibilike futhi zilale ezindaweni ezijwayelekile ngokwesigaba ngamaqembu, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokufukamela lapho izinyoni zihlala ngazimbili. Babekezelela izimo ezinzima kakhulu. I-Kamenushki iyakwazi ukubhukuda ngokumelene nesikhathi samanje, ikhuphuke imithambeka emikhulu namatshe ashelelayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni eziningi zifa ezindaweni zokuntweza, lapho amagagasi ephonsa khona izidumbu zamatshe ogwini.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwetshe
I-Kamenushki yenza izidleke zazo kuphela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Ehlobo, amadada ahlala emachibini asezintabeni nasemifuleni. Izimbhangqwana esezakhiwe kakade ziyavela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke. Masinyane ngemuva kokufika, ezinye izintokazi zithandana nabesilisa ababili. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ama-drake ahlela umsinga, ngenkathi bebeka isifuba sabo phambili, besakazeka bese bephonsa ikhanda labo emuva, bese ngokungazelelwe bephonsa phambili, bekhipha i- "gi-ek" enkulu. Abesifazane baphendula izingcingo zamadrake ngomsindo ofanayo. I-Kamenushki yakha isidleke esizalweni semifula egeleza ngokushesha emifantwini, emaceleni amatshe amatshe amatshe, phakathi kwamatshe, ezimileni eziminyene zotshani.
E-Iceland, amatshe emikhumbi akhetha izindawo ezineminyezane emifushane, ama-birches, kanye nemijunipha yokubeka izidleke eduze kakhulu nomsinga wokubhabha. Ezwenikazi laseMelika, izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni, phakathi kwamatshe. Ulwelwesi luyingcosana, ngezansi aluhlanganisi neze ukufuduka kwezinyoni.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda amathathu anombala kakhilimu amathathu, ubuningi. Osayizi bamaqanda bafana namaqanda enkukhu. Iqanda elikhulu liqukethe izakhamzimba eziningi futhi iphuphu libonakala likhulu, ngakho-ke linesikhathi sokukhula ngesikhathi sasehlobo esifushane. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-27-30. Indoda iyahlala eduze, kodwa ayinandaba nenzalo. Amachwane aseduze kwamatshe ohlobo lwezinkukhu futhi, uma omile, alandela idada emfuleni. Amadada ahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi athola ukudla ngasogwini. Amatshe amancane enza izindiza zawo zokuqala lapho enamasonto ama-5-6 ubudala.
Izinyoni ziyathutha ngoSepthemba.
Izidraki zabantu abadala zishiya izindawo zazo zokwakha izidleke ekupheleni kukaJuni zenze imihlambi edla ogwini lolwandle. Kwesinye isikhathi bahlanganiswa ngamatshe anonyaka owodwa kuphela ubudala. IMisa molt yenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi nasekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Abesifazane molt kamuva kakhulu lapho bondla inzalo yabo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyoni kwenzeka ekwindla ezindaweni zobusika. I-Kamenushki izala kabusha ineminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-3, kepha ikakhulukazi lapho ineminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kwenzeka ekwindla ezindaweni zasebusika.
Umsoco waseKamenka
I-Kamenushki ihlala osebeni lwamachibi. Ukudla okuyinhloko izinambuzane nezibungu. Izinyoni ziqoqa ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans ngasogwini lolwandle. Faka ukudla ngezinhlanzi ezincane.
Isimo sokongiwa kukamakhi wamatshe
IKamenushka ezifundazweni ezisempumalanga yeCanada kumenyezelwe ukuthi isengozini. Kukhonjwe izizathu ezintathu ezingachaza ukwehla kwamanani: ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ngemikhiqizo kawoyela, ukubhujiswa kancane kancane kwendawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokwakha izidleke, nokuzingela ngokweqile, ngoba isondo liheha abazingeli abangekho emthethweni ngombala wezimpaphe zawo.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, lezi zinhlobo zivikelwe eCanada. Ngaphandle kweCanada, izinombolo zezinyoni zizinzile noma zanda kancane yize amazinga okuzala ephansi. Ukuzinza okunjalo ngamanani kungenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwamadada luhlala ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi zamatshe
Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zamatshe:
- izihlokwana H. h. i-histrionicus isakazekela eLabrador, e-Iceland, eGreenland.
- I-N. pacificus itholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia nasentshonalanga yezwekazi laseMelika.
Inani lezomnotho
I-Kamenushki ibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo kuphela ezindaweni, izinyoni zidutshulwa ezindaweni eziphezulu zeKolyma, lapho lolu hlobo lukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamadada okuntywila. Izinyoni zeMolting zizingelwa eduzane nase-Okhotsk eduze nogu. Eziqhingini zaseCommander Islands, kuyindawo yokudoba enkulu ebusika, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zamadada zisuka eziqhingini ezimangelengele.
