Ukhozi olumemezayo (Haliaeetus vocifer).
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokhozi olumemezayo
Ukhozi - screamer yisidlakela esinamaphiko sobukhulu obumaphakathi ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-64 kuye kwangama-77. Amaphiko anesikhala esingamasentimitha ayi-190 kuya kwangama-200. Izinsikazi zikhulu futhi zikhulu kakhulu ngo-10-15% kunabesilisa, kanti izinyoni ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Afrika zikhudlwana ngandlela thize.
Umbala wokhozi olumemezayo ubonakala kahle, unamaphiko amade, abanzi, ayindilinga, okudlula kakhulu ubude bomsila omfushane lapho inyoni ihleli khona. Izimpaphe zekhanda, intamo nesifuba zimhlophe qwa. Izimpaphe zokundiza zephiko nangemuva zimnyama. Umsila umhlophe, mfushane, uyindilinga. I-Belly namahlombe omthunzi omuhle onezinwele ezimnyama. Amabhulukwe ansundu.
Ubuso ikakhulukazi buhamba-ze futhi buphuzi, njenge-wax. I-iris yeso imnyama. Izinyawo ziphuzi futhi zinemisipha ezinamazipho abukhali. Umlomo ikakhulu uphuzi ngethiphu emnyama. Izinyoni ezincane zinokubukeka okungaxakile nezimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu. I-hood yabo isemthunzini ohlukile omnyama.
Amabala amhlophe akhona esifubeni, emsileni. Ubuso abufiphele, bumpunga. Umsila mude ezinyonini ezincane kunabantu abadala.
Izinkozi ezisencane ezimemezelayo zithola umbala wokugcina wezimpaphe zezinyoni ezindala ezineminyaka emihlanu.
Screamer ukhozi uslayida umkhiqizo ukukhala okubili okuhlukile. Lapho eseduze nesidleke, ukhipha kaningi "quock", "mama", ekubeni kuzo zonke izimo ethanda ukuqonda futhi engaconsi phansi. Ubuye akhule ngesililo, "kiou-kiou", kubhekiswa kwabaningi balabo basolwandle. Lokhu kumemeza kudume kakhulu futhi kuhlanzeke kangangokuthi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "yizwi le-Afrika".
Indawo yokuhlala yokhozi - umemeza
Ukhozi olumemezayo lunamathela kuphela endaweni ehlala emanzini. Itholakala eduze kwamachibi, imifula emikhulu, amaxhaphozi kanye nogu. Ihlala eduze kwamachibi amanzi acwebile, anqunywe ngamahlathi noma izihlahla ezinde, njengoba idinga amaphuzu akhona endaweni ephakeme kakhulu ukulawula yonke indawo yokuzingela. Indawo yokuzingela ivame ukuba yincane futhi imvamisa ayidluli amakhilomitha-skwele amabili uma itholakala emaphethelweni echibi elikhulu. Kungaba kufika ku-15 km ubude noma ngaphezulu uma itholakala eduze komfula omncane.
Ukhozi olumemezayo lwasakazeka
Ukhozi olukhalayo luyinyoni edla lubi yase-Afrika. Kusatshalaliswe eningizimu yeSahara. Iningi ikakhulukazi ogwini lwamachibi amakhulu eMpumalanga Afrika.
Izici zokuziphatha kokhozi - umemeza
Unyaka wonke, ngisho nangaphandle kwenkathi yokwakha izidleke, ama-vocifere ahlala ngababili. Le nyoni edla inyama inezibopho zomshado eziqinile ezithandanayo. Izinyoni zivame ukuhlanganyela inyamazane eyodwa eziyibamba phakathi kwezimbili. Uhambo lwezinkozi luchitha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu luzingela, lubheka izinhlanzi esidlekeni sazo ekuseni. Ngemuva kokuzingela, izinyoni zihlala emagatsheni ukuchitha usuku lonke.
Izinkozi - abamemezeli bazingela ekuqamekeleni, behleli esihlahleni.
Ngokushesha nje lapho bebona inyamazane, bayasukuma, bese behlela ebusweni bamanzi, kodwa bangagcwali ngokuphelele kuwo, kepha behlisa izidladla zabo kuphela. Kwezinye izimo, zibheka inyamazane ezindizeni ezindizayo. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, benza izindiza zokukhombisa ngomsindo omkhulu, othokozisayo hhayi nakancane ukukhala komculo, okufana nezwi le-seagull. Lezi zikhalo zidume kakhulu futhi zimsulwa kangangoba kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "yizwi le-Afrika."
Ukhozi oluzalanayo - umemeza
Izinkozi ezi-Screamer zizala kanye ngonyaka. Izikhathi zokuzalela zehlukile kuye ngendawo yokuhlala. Kanye nenkabazwe, ukuzalanisa kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi:
- eNingizimu Afrika, inkathi ejwayelekile yokwakha izidleke ingu-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba;
- ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Afrika kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuDisemba;
- eNtshonalanga Afrika kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli.
Imvamisa kukhona amaqanda amabili ku-bamba, kepha angaba mane. Amaqanda abekwa ngezikhathi zezinsuku ezingama-2-3, kepha kusinda iphuphu elilodwa kuphela njengoba ubudlelwane be-siblicide busebenza. Amachwane achanyuselwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-42 kuya kwezingama-45 bese ebambana phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-64 nezingama-75. Izinkozi ezisencane ezikhalayo ngokuvamile azinciki kubazali bazo ngemuva kwamasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisi-8 lapho zisuka esidlekeni. Kepha amaphuphu angama-5% kuphela afinyelela ebudaleni.
Izinkozi ezi-screamer zivamise ukwakha isidleke esisodwa kuya kwezintathu ezihlahleni eziseduze namanzi. Zombili lezi zinyoni zibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke. Imvamisa iba nobubanzi obungu-120-150 cm nokujula okungama-30-60 cm, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ingaba mkhulu, ifike ku-200 cm ububanzi no-150 cm ukujula. Kulokhu, izinyoni ziyalungisa futhi zakhe esidlekeni iminyaka eminingi ilandelana. Izinto zokwakha eziyinhloko amagatsha ezihlahla. Ngaphakathi, ngezansi kufulelwe ngotshani, amaqabunga, i-papyrus, nomhlanga.
Insikazi neduna ziyafukamela. Zombili izinyoni zondla izingane. Lapho owesifazane efudumeza amaphuphu, owesilisa ulethela yena nenzalo yakhe ukudla. Izinkozi ezindala ezimemeza zingaqhubeka nokondla izinkozi ezisencane kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha ngemuva kokubaleka.
Ukudla kwokhozi - umemeza
Izinkozi ezi-screamer zondla kakhulu ngezinhlanzi. Isisindo sesisulu sifinyelela kusuka ku-190 amagremu kuya kuma-3 kilogram. Isisindo esimaphakathi siphakathi kuka-400 g no-1 kg. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezidliwa izinkozi yizikhwebu - i-tilapia, i-catfish, i-protopter, i-mullet, edliwa ngumzingeli ebusweni bamanzi. Izinyoni zasemanzini ezinjenge-cormorants, ama-toadstools, ama-spoonbill, ama-coots, onogolantethe, amadada, kanye nezintambo zezinyoka, ama-egrets, ama-ibises namachwane awo nawo angazingelwa yizinkozi ezimemezayo.
Baphinde bazingele ama-flamingo emachibini ane-alkaline lapho ubuningi bezinhlanzi bunqunyelwe khona. Akuvamile ukuthi zihlasele izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana ne-hyrax noma izinkawu. Izidlakudla ezinezimpaphe zibamba izingwenya, izimfudu, ziqaphe izibankwa, zidle amaxoxo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, unganqabi ukuwa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-vocifères eagles ahlanganyela ku-kleptoparasitisme, okungukuthi, athatha ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Izindwandwe ezinkulu ikakhulukazi zihlushwa ukuphangwa, lapho izinkozi ezimemezayo zihlwitha khona izinhlanzi ngisho nasemilonyeni yazo.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kokhozi
Ukhozi luyisikhonkwane esivame kakhulu ezwenikazi i-Afrika ezindaweni okungahlalwa kuzo. Isibalo sabantu esilinganisiwe njengamanje ngabantu abangama-300,000. Kepha kunezinsongo zemvelo kwezinye izingxenye zebanga lazo.
Isibalo sabantu sithinteka kabi ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo ezinenhlanzi, ushintsho kuziza zomhlaba ezindaweni zokwakha nezokwakha izidleke, ukugcwala kwamachibi, kanye nokuntuleka kwezihlahla ezifanele. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane nokunye ukungcola nakho kungaba yingozi okhozini olumemezayo. Amagobolondo amaqanda aba mancane ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ze-organochlorine ezingena zisuka enhlanzini zingene emzimbeni wezinyoni, le nkinga iyingozi enkulu ekukhiqizeni izinyoni.
