ILowerer Sparrowhawk (i-Accipiter gularis) ingeka-oda omise okwe-Hawk.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zondlunkulu omncane
I-sparrowhawk encane inebude bomzimba obungu-34 cm, namaphiko angamasentimitha angama-46 kuye kwangama-58.
Lesi silwane esidliwayo esinezimpaphe ezinamaphiko amade, acijile, umsila omfushane ngokulingana nemilenze emide futhi emincane kakhulu. I-silhouette yayo ifana kakhulu neyezinye izimpondo. Insikazi yehlukile kowesilisa ngombala wezimpaphe, ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni yesifazane inkulu kakhulu futhi inzima kunomlingani wayo.
Izimpaphe zowesilisa osekhulile zinombala omnyama ngaphezulu. Izihlathi zimpunga zibe nsundu ngokumpunga. Ezinye izimpaphe ezimhlophe zihlobisa intamo. Umsila umpunga unemivimbo emi-3 emnyama eguqukayo. Umphimbo ubemhlophe ngemichilo engacacile eyakha umugqa obanzi ongabonakali. Ingxenye engaphansi yomzimba imhlophe mpunga, inemigqa ehlukile ebomvu ngokubomvu kanye nemizila ensundu ezacile. Endaweni ye-anus, izimpaphe zimhlophe. Kwezinye izinyoni, isifuba nezinhlangothi kwesinye isikhathi kuyabheda ngokuphelele. Insikazi inezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa ngaphezulu kubonakala kumnyama. Imivimbo iyabonakala maphakathi nomphimbo, ezansi ibukhali, icacile, nsundu ngokuqinile futhi ayifiphele.
Ondlunkulu abancane abancane bahlukile ezinyoni ezindala ngombala wezimpaphe.
Banomphetho onsundu onsundu ngokugqamile okubomvu. Izihlathi zabo sezimpunga ngokwengeziwe. Amashiya nentamo zimhlophe qwa. Umsila ufana nse nowezinyoni ezindala. Ngaphansi kunokhilimu omhlophe ngokuphelele, kunemigqa ensundu esifubeni, kuphenduka amapaneli ezinhlangothini, emathangeni, nasemabala esiswini. Umbala wezimpaphe njengowondlunkulu abadala uba ngemuva kokuncibilika.
Iris ezinyonini ezindala kubomvu okusawolintshi. I-wax nezidladla ziphuzi. Kubantu abasha, i-iris i-karya, izidladla ziluhlaza-ophuzi.
Izindawo zokuhlala zondlunkulu omncane
Ondlunkulu abancane basatshalaliswa eningizimu ye-taiga nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Zitholakala emahlathini ajwayelekile noma axubekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi kuyabonakala emahlathini kaphayini amsulwa. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo zokuhlala, bahlala kaningi ngasemifuleni noma ngasemizimbeni yamanzi. Eziqhingini zaseNansei, ondlunkulu abancane bahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa eJapane bavela emapaki nasemadolobheni, ngisho nasendaweni yaseTokyo. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwabo ebusika, bavame ukuma emasimini nasezindaweni lapho kwenziwa khona ukuvuselelwa, emadolobhaneni nasezindaweni ezivulekile kakhulu, lapho amahlathi kanye nezihlahla ziphenduka amasimu elayisi noma amaxhaphozi. Ondlunkulu abancane abavamile ukuphakama ukusuka olwandle baye ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-1800, imvamisa ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
I-Sparrowhawk isakazeka
Ama-Sparrowhawks amancane asatshalaliswa eMpumalanga ye-Asia, kepha imingcele yobubanzi bayo ayaziwa ngokunembile. Bahlala eningizimu yeSiberia, eduze kwaseTomsk, ngaphezulu kwe-Ob nase-Altai entshonalanga ye-Oussouriland. Indawo yokuhlala edlula eTransbaikalia iqhubeka ngasempumalanga eSakhalin naseziQhingini zaseKuril. Ohlangothini oluseningizimu kufaka phakathi inyakatho yeMongolia, iManchuria, inyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina (Hebei, Heilongjiang), North Korea. Ngasogwini, itholakala kuzo zonke iziqhingi zaseJapan naseziqhingini zaseNansei. I-Sparrowhawks encane ebusika engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina, iningi le-Indochina Peninsula, i-peninsula yaseThai, nokuqhubeka eningizimu kuya eziqhingini zaseSumatra naseJava. Izinhlobo zakha izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi komhlaba: A. g. IGularis isatshalaliswa kulo lonke uhla lwayo, ngaphandle kweNansei. A. iwasakii uhlala eziQhingini zaseNansei, kepha ikakhulukazi i-Okinawa, Ishikagi, ne-Iriomote.
Izici zokuziphatha kondlunkulu abancane
Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, ukusebenza kondlunkulu omncane kuvame ukufihlwa, izinyoni, njengomthetho, zihlala ngaphansi kwesembozo sehlathi, kepha ebusika zisebenzisa izinhlaka ezivulekile. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ondlunkulu abancane bakha amaqoqo aminyene, kuyilapho unyaka wonke, bahlala bodwa noma ngababili. Njengama-accipitridés amaningi, ondlunkulu abancane babonisa izindiza zabo. Benza ukujikela okuyindilinga ephezulu ebhakabhakeni noma indiza ye-wavy ngesilayidi. Kwesinye isikhathi zindiza ngamaphiko ephiko ahamba kancane kakhulu.
Kusukela ngoSepthemba, cishe bonke ondlunkulu abancane bafudukela eningizimu. Ukubuyela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke kwenzeka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi. Zindiza zisuka eSakhalin zidabule eJapan, iziQhingi iNansei, iTaiwan, iPhilippines ziye eSulawesi naseBorneo. Umzila wesibili usuka eSiberia udlule eChina uye eSumatra, Java naseziQhingini zaseSunda Esincane.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kondlunkulu abancane
Ama-Sparrowhawks amancane azala ikakhulukazi kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti.
Kodwa-ke, izinyoni ezincane ezindizayo zabonwa eChina ekupheleni kukaMeyi, naseJapan ngemuva kwenyanga. Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zakha isidleke ngamagatsha, zifakwe izingcezu zamagxolo namaqabunga aluhlaza. Isidleke sisezihlahleni eziyi-10 ngenhla komhlaba, kaningi eduze kwesiqu esikhulu. I-Clutch eJapan iqukethe amaqanda ama-2 noma ama-3, eSiberia ama-4 noma ama-5. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25 kuye kwezingu-28. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi oklebe abancane bashiya nini isidleke sabo.
Sparrowhawk umsoco
Ondlunkulu abancane badla kakhulu izinyoni ezincane, bazingela nezinambuzane nezilwane ezincelisayo. Zincamela ukubamba ama-friquets, ahlala ezihlahleni emaphethelweni edolobha, kepha futhi axoshe nokushaywa, ama-tits, ama-warblers nama-nuthatches. Kwesinye isikhathi ahlasela inyamazane enkulu njengama-blue magpies (Cyanopica cyanea) nama-bizets pigeons (Columbia livia). Inani lezinambuzane ekudleni lingafinyelela phakathi kuka-28 no-40%. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezinjengezikhuni zizingelwa kuphela ondlunkulu abancane lapho zigcwele ngokungavamile. Amalulwane nezilwane ezihuquzelayo kunezela ekudleni.
Izindlela zokuzingela zalezi zidlakela ezinamaphiko azichazwa, kepha, ngokusobala, ziyefana nalezi zezihlobo zaseYurophu. Ondlunkulu abancane bavame ukuqamekela futhi baphume bengalindelekile, bathathe isisulu bengalindele. Bakhetha ukuhlola indawo yabo, behamba njalo bezungeza imingcele yayo.
Isimo sokongiwa kondlunkulu abancane
ILowerer Sparrowhawk ithathwa njengenhlobo engajwayelekile eSiberia naseJapan, kepha izinombolo zayo zingabukelwa phansi. Muva nje, lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama seludume kakhulu, luvela ngisho nasemaphethelweni. E-China, kuvame kakhulu kune-Horsfield hawk (true soloensis hawks). Indawo yokwabiwa kondlunkulu abancane ilinganiselwa kusuka kumakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezi-4 kuye kwezi-6, futhi isibalo sayo sisondele kubantu abayi-100,000.
ILowerer Sparrowhawk ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezisongelwa kakhulu.
