I-frontosa (Latin Cyphotilapia frontosa) noma indlovukazi yaseTanganyika iyinhlanzi enhle kakhulu, futhi ithandwa kakhulu ngabathandi be-cichlid.
Usayizi omkhulu nemibala ekhanyayo ngokushesha iheha ukunakwa, ngisho nase-aquarium lapho ezinye izinhlanzi zigcwele imibala. Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi buhlaba umxhwele ngempela, bufinyelela kuma-35 cm, futhi umbala uyathakazelisa, ngesimo semivimbo emnyama esizinda esiluhlaza noma esimhlophe. Kuyinhlanzi enhle, kepha ihloselwe ama-cichlids amakhulu.
Izinhlanzi kulula ukuzinakekela, kepha zidinga i-aquarium ebanzi nemishini esezingeni eliphakeme. Kungcono ukuqala iNdlovukazi yaseTanganyika nge-aquarist enokuhlangenwe nakho okuthile.
Azinalo ulaka kakhulu, ngakho-ke zingagcinwa nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, kepha zingcono e-aquarium ehlukile, eqenjini elincane. Imvamisa iqembu elinjalo liqukethe owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abathathu, kepha kungcono ukuwagcina eqenjini labantu abayi-8 kuye kwabayi-12, kepha lokhu kudinga i-aquarium enkulu kakhulu.
Inhlanzi eyodwa ingagcinwa e-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-300, futhi eziningana udinga i-aquarium yamalitha angama-500 noma ngaphezulu.
Izindawo zokuhlala ezinesihlabathi namatshe namatshe enhlabathi zinikeza izimo ezifanele ze-frontosis. Azidingi izitshalo, kepha ungatshala ezinye, njengoba izinhlanzi zithinta izitshalo ngaphansi kwamanye ama-cichlids.
Indlovukazi yaseTanganyika imvamisa iyinhlanzi ephilayo, futhi ayibakhathazi omakhelwane bayo, kepha kuphela kuze kube yilapho bengena endaweni yayo.
Ngakho-ke akunangqondo ukuzigcina ku-aquarium enyinyekile. Vele, lokhu kusebenza kuzinhlanzi ezinkulu, uma kunezinhlanzi e-aquarium ezingagwinywa i-frontosa, ngeke yehluleke ukwenza lokhu.
Ukuphila emvelweni
INdlovukazi yaseTanganyika, noma i-cyphotilapia ye-frontosa, yachazwa okokuqala ngo-1906. Ihlala eLake Tanganyika e-Afrika, lapho isakazeke khona impela. Ngokungafani namanye ama-cichlids athanda ukuhlala ezindlini zokukhosela nasemadwaleni, akhetha ukuhlala emakoloni amakhulu ngasogwini olunesihlabathi echibini.
Bahlala cishe kuyo yonke iTanganyika, kepha bahlala ekujuleni okukhulu (amamitha ayi-10-50). Lokhu kwakwenza ukudoba kungabi umsebenzi olula, futhi iminyaka eminingi kwakuyivelakancane futhi kuyabiza.
Manje ikhiqizwe ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni, futhi ivame ukutholakala emakethe.
Ziphila ngokudla iimfesi, ama-molluscs kanye nama-invertebrate ahlukahlukene.
Incazelo
Inhlanzi inomzimba omkhulu futhi oqinile, inhloko enkulu nebunzi nomlomo omkhulu. E-aquarium, zingakhula zifike ku-30 cm ubude, abesifazane bancane kancane, cishe ngama-25 cm.
Ngokwemvelo, zinkulu, usayizi ojwayelekile ungama-35, yize kukhona abantu abangaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-40 ubude. Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane banokukhula okunamafutha ebunzini, kodwa kowesilisa kukhulu futhi kuphakama kakhulu. Abasencane abanakho ukukhula okunjalo.
Umbala womzimba u-grey-blue, lapho kunemigqa eyisithupha ebanzi emnyama. Amaphiko amhlophe ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaphiko ahlanganisiwe futhi akhonjisiwe.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Izinhlanzi zama-aquarists anolwazi, njengoba i-frontosa idinga i-aquarium ebanzi enamanzi ahlanzekile nezinguquko ezijwayelekile, kanye nomakhelwane abakhethwe kahle.
Leli elinye lama-cichlids athule kakhulu, angagcinwa ngisho nase-aquarium nezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu, kepha njenganoma yisiphi isilwane esidlayo, angadla izinhlanzi ezincane.
Ukondla
Ama-carnivores adla zonke izinhlobo zokudla okuphilayo. Ngokwemvelo, lezi yizinhlanzi ezincane nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-mollusks.
E-aquarium, badla ukudla okuhlukahlukene - inhlanzi, izikelemu, imfanzi, inyama yezimbaza, inyama ye-squid, inhliziyo yenkomo nenyama enhlobonhlobo eyenziwe ngezandla. Futhi nokudla okuncane - ama-bloodworms, i-tubule, i-corotra, i-brine shrimp.
Kungcono ukungazondli izinhlanzi eziphilayo ngaphandle uma uqinisekile ukuthi ziphilile. Noma kunjalo, ingozi yokwethula ukutheleleka kwe-pathogenic iphezulu kakhulu.
Ukunxephezela ukungabikho kwamavithamini, ungondla ukudla okukhethekile kwama-cichlids aqukethe izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-spirulina.
Ama-Frontoses awadli ngokuxhamazela, futhi kungcono ukuwondla kaningana ngosuku ezingxenyeni ezincane.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Inhlanzi eziphumulele futhi enkulu ebhukuda kuyo yonke i-aquarium futhi idinga ivolumu eningi.
Inhlanzi eyodwa idinga i-aquarium engamalitha angama-300, kepha kungcono ukuzigcina zingamaqembu angama-4 noma ngaphezulu. Eqenjini elinjalo, i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-500 noma ngaphezulu isivele iyadingeka.
Ngaphezu kokushintsha kwamanzi njalo, isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle kufanele sifakwe ku-aquarium, ngoba wonke ama-cichlids azwela kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwamanzi nemingcele.
Ngaphezu kokuhlunga, lokhu kuthuthukisa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi futhi kugcwalise amanzi nge-oxygen, ebalulekile ku-frontosis, emvelweni ehlala emanzini acebile kakhulu kwi-oxygen encibilikisiwe. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe unesihlungi esihle, i-aeration eyengeziwe ngeke ikulimaze.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yamanzi kufanele ihlolwe njalo ngokuhlolwa futhi ukunikezwa ngokweqile nokugcwala ngokweqile kufanele kugwenywe.
ILake Tanganyika ichibi lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, okusho ukuthi linamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu nokushintshashintsha kwe-pH kanye nemvelo ezinze kakhulu. Onke ama-cichlids aseTanganyika adinga izinga lokushisa elizinzile nenani elikhulu lomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini.
Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokugcina i-frontosis lingama-24-26 ° C. Futhi, ichibi linzima kakhulu (12-14 ° dGH) namanzi ane-asidi (ph: 8.0-8.5). Lezi zimingcele zibeka inkinga kuma-aquarists ahlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi athambile futhi kufanele asebenzise izindlela zokwelapha ezinzima njengokufaka ama-coral chips ku-aquarium.
E-aquarium, bagxila kahle uma okuqukethwe kuseduze nemingcele ebekiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuthi amapharamitha wamanzi angashintshi ngokuzuma, amanzi kufanele aguqulwe ngezingxenyana ezincane futhi njalo.
Izitshalo azibalulekanga kangako ekugcineni, kepha ungatshala izinhlobo ezinamakhasi alukhuni nezinkulu. Isihlabathi sizoba ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwe-substrate, futhi enye indawo yokukhosela iyadingeka nase-aquarium, ngokwesibonelo, amadwala amakhulu noma izinkuni ezikhukhulayo.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo, i-frontosa inamahloni futhi iyathanda ukucasha. Kodwa, qiniseka ukuthi wonke amatshe aqinile futhi ngeke awe lapho le nhlanzi enkulu izama ukucasha kuwo.
Ukuhambisana
Ngokuvamile, abanalo ulaka ngokweqile. Kepha, indawo futhi uyigade ngomona, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzigcina zodwa.
Ngokwemvelo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi lezi yizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi zizodla noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezingazigwinya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinhlanzi ezingagijimile ezidla kancane.
Imvamisa zigcinwa nabaseMalawi, kepha omakhelwane abanjalo bayabakhathaza. Ziyasebenza, ziyashesha, ziyalunguza kuyo yonke indawo.
Ngakho-ke kuhle ukugcina i-frontosis ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinhlanzi, esikoleni esincane, owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane abathathu, noma esikoleni esikhulu sezinhlanzi eziyi-8-12.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Yize kunzima ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane, ungagxila kusayizi - owesilisa mkhulu futhi unesigaxa esinamafutha esivelele ebunzini lakhe.
Ukuzala
I-Frontosis iye yafuywa isikhathi eside, futhi njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, lokhu bekuyinkinga iminyaka eminingi, ngoba kunzima ukubabamba ngokwemvelo. Owesilisa angakhwelana nabesifazane abaningana.
Kungcono ukuthenga umbhangqwana ovuthiwe noma intsha eyi-10-12. Njengoba intsha ikhula, iyahlungwa, isuse encane kakhulu futhi ephaphathekile. Benza lokhu njalo uhhafu wonyaka, beshiya inhlanzi eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke (cishe kuzoba owesilisa) kanye nabesifazane abangama-4-5.
Ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili, izinhlanzi zidinga iminyaka engu-3-4 (kanti abesilisa bavuthwa kancane kunabesifazane), ngakho-ke lokhu kuhlunga kudinga ukubekezela okukhulu.
Ukuzalela kulula ngokwanele. Imbewu kufanele ibe nkulu, ibe ngamalitha angama-400 noma ngaphezulu, ibe namatshe nezindawo zokukhosela ukuze owesilisa athole indawo yakhe. Amanzi - i-pH cishe eyi-8, ubulukhuni 10 ° dGH, izinga lokushisa 25 - 28 C.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda (izingcezu ezingekho ngaphezu kwezingama-50, kodwa zinkulu) endaweni ezolungiswa eyeduna, imvamisa phakathi kwamatshe. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa uyamvundisa. Insikazi izala amaqanda emlonyeni, cishe osukwini lwesithathu iqanda lichanyuselwa.
Insikazi iyaqhubeka nokufukamela i-gazinga emlonyeni, kuyilapho eyesilisa ivikela indawo. Bazonakekela gazinga cishe amasonto ama-4-6. Ungondla gazinga nge-brine shrimp nauplii.
