Isifunda iSmolensk sitholakala maphakathi neRussia e-East European Plain. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko inikezwe iSmolensk-Moscow Upland, ohlangothini oluseningizimu yeTransnistrian Lowland, nasenyakatho nasentshonalanga yeBaltic.
Izimo zemvelo zinesimo sezulu esipholile sezwekazi, esingabonakali ngamaconsi okushisa abukhali. Ubusika bufudumele, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ngu -10, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi lehle liye ku -30, engxenyeni yesibili yobusika. Kule ngxenye yeRussia, lina kakhulu futhi isimo sezulu esinamafu siyabonakala. Akushisi lapha ehlobo kuze kube ngu- + 20 esiphezulu.
Esifundeni saseSmolensk kugeleza umfula i-Dnieper nemithambeka enguVol, iDesna, iSozh, iVyazma, ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunamachibi angaba ngu-200, amahle kunawo wonke: iSvaditskoe neVelisto. Indawo ephelele yamahlathi ingamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2185.4 futhi ihlala ku-42% wesifunda.
Izimila
Izimbali zesifunda saseSmolensk ziqukethe amahlathi, amasimu okufakelwa, izihlahla, amaxhaphozi, imigwaqo, ama-glades.
Izihlahla ezinamacembe athambile zenza u-75.3% wendawo yonke yezimila zalo mhlaba, u-61% wawo owela emasimini e-birch.
Izihlahla zeConiferous zibalwa ngama-24.3%, phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ze-spruce (cishe ngama-70%).
Amahlathi alukhuni ahlanganisa kuphela u-0.4% wendawo yonke ngohlaza.
Izinhlobo zezihlahla ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
Isihlahla seBirch
I-Birch, ukuphakama kwayo kungama-25-30 m, inomqhele ovulekile kanye namagxolo amhlophe. Akusikho okwezinhlobo ze-whimsical, ukubhekana kahle neqhwa. Izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla.
Aspen
I-Aspen isihlahla esinqumayo somndeni wakwaWillow. Isakazeka ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esimnyama nesibandayo, isici esivelele amahlamvu ayathuthumela emoyeni ovunguzayo.
Alder
I-Alder eRussia imelwe yizinhlobo eziyi-9, okuvame kakhulu yi-alder emnyama. Ifinyelela kubude obungu-35 m nobubanzi obungu-65 cm, izinkuni zayo zisetshenziswa embonini yefenisha.
Maple
I-Maple ingeyesitshalo esinqumayo, singakhula kusuka kumamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40 ukuphakama, sikhule ngokushesha. Kusengcupheni yokungenwa yizifo nezinambuzane.
Oak
I-Oak ingeyomndeni wakwa-Beech, iyisihlahla esinqumayo, ukuphakama kwayo kungafinyelela kuma-40-50 m.
Linden
ILinden ikhula ize ifike kumamitha angama-30, iphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-100, ikhetha indawo yamahlathi ahlanganisiwe, ibhekana kahle nomthunzi.
Umlotha
I-Ash ingeyomndeni we-Olive, inamaqabunga angavamile, ifinyelela ku-35 m ukuphakama.
Isi-Spruce
I-Spruce ingeyomndeni wakwaPine futhi isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esinezinaliti ezincane, singafinyelela kuma-70 m.
Iphayini
Isihlahla sikaphayini sinezinaliti ezinkulu futhi siyisihlahla esinenhlaka.
Phakathi kwamakhambi kukhona:
I-geranium yehlathi
I-geranium yehlathi iyimifino engapheli, i-inflorescence i-lilac elula noma i-lilac emnyama enendawo ekhanyayo;
Zelenchuk ophuzi
UZelenchuk ophuzi ubizwa nangokuthi ubumpumputhe basebusuku, kubhekiswa ezitshalweni ezingapheli ezinamaqabunga e-velvet, izinkomishi zezimbali zifana nensimbi.
Ihlathi le-Angelica
I-angelica ingeyomndeni wakwa-Umbrella, izimbali ezimhlophe zifana nokuma kwesambulela.
Emahlathini ase-spruce ungathola: ubulembu obuluhlaza, ama-lingonberries, ama-raspberries, i-hazel, ukhuni lwe-asidi, ama-blueberries.
Moss oluhlaza
I-Lingonberry
Ama-raspberries
Hazel
UKislitsa
Amajingijolo
Emahlathini ephayini kukhona: ubulembu, u-heather, izidladla zekati, umjunipha.
Ubulembu
UHeather
Ikati linyathela ngezidladla
Ijunipha
Leli hlathi lisetshenziselwa ukuvunwa kwezingodo ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifunda, izinsiza ezisetshenziswayo zibuyiselwa amasimu amancane. Izitshalo zokuphulukisa zisetshenziselwa izidingo zokwelapha. Endaweni yaseSmolensk kunamapulazi okuzingela, futhi kwenziwa imisebenzi yocwaningo.
Esifundeni saseSmolensk kunezikhukhula, izindawo eziphansi nezomile, kanye namaxhaphozi aphakeme nalawo aphansi.
Izilwane zesifunda saseSmolensk
Uma ucabanga ukuthi isifunda sisezindaweni zamahlathi ahlanganisiwe, khona-ke endaweni yaso kuhlala:
Kunoma iyiphi indawo yaseSmolensk ungathola i-hedgehog, imvukuzane, ilulwane, unogwaja. Inani elikhulu lamalulwane lisohlwini lweRed Book.
I-Hedgehog
UMole
Ilulwane
Ingulube
Izingulube zasendle zinabantu abaningi ngokwanele, izilwane ziyindaba yokuzingelwa.
Umvundla
AmaHares akhetha uhlaza oluminyene nendawo yezintaba.
Ibhere elinsundu
Amabhere ansundu yizilwane ezincelisayo, kunalokho ngobukhulu obukhulu, zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene, kunezilwane ezingaba yinkulungwane.
Impisi
Izimpisi - zanele ngokwazo endaweni, ngakho ukuzingela kuvunyelwe.
Cishe izinhlobo zezilwane eziyi-131 zibhalwe kuRed Book of Smolensk futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho, kanti ukuzingela akuvunyelwe. Ezisengozini yilezi:
UMuskrat
Owesilisa ungowomndeni wakwaMole. Yisilwane esincane, umsila waso uvalwe ngezikali ezinama-horny, ikhala lisesimweni somboko, izitho zifishane, uboya buzimpunga obukhulu noma bansundu ngokugqamile, isisu silula.
U-Otter
I-otter yisidlakela somndeni wakwaMustelidae. Uhola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Isilwane sinomzimba ohlanjululwe kahle, uboya baso bunsundu obumnyama ngaphezulu, futhi silula noma siyisiliva ngezansi. Izici zokwakheka kwe-otter (ikhanda eliyisicaba, imilenze emifushane nomsila omude) zivumela ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi, uboya bayo abumanzi.
Izinyoni
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela kule ndawo kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-70 zezinyoni, iningi lazo elincane, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuzizingela. Okuncane kakhulu kufaka:
Unogolantethe omnyama
Unogolantethe omnyama ubonakala ngezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe futhi udla emanzini angajulile nasemadlelweni anezikhukhula.
Ukhozi olusegolide
Ukhozi olusagolide lungolomndeni wakwaYastrebins, luthanda ukuhlala ezintabeni, ethafeni. Umuntu omncane unamabala amakhulu amhlophe ephikweni, umsila omhlophe onomngcele omnyama. Uqhwaku lwenyoni luxhunyiwe. Umbala wezimpaphe zomuntu omdala unombala onsundu noma onsundu.
Inyoka
Ukhozi lwenyoka lutholakala emahlathini axubekile nase-step-steppe. Ingemuva lenyoni linsundu ngokumpunga. Inyoni eyimfihlo kakhulu.
Ihansi elimnyama
Ihansi elimnyama ngelomndeni wakwaDada, ummeleli wawo omncane kunabo bonke. Ikhanda nentamo kumnyama, emuva kunamaphiko kumnyama nsundu. Kubantu abadala, kunekhola emhlophe entanyeni ngaphansi komphimbo. Izidudla ezinomlomo zimnyama.
Ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe
Ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe lunezimpaphe ezinsundu, futhi ikhanda elinentamo enombala ophuzi, umsila umise okwekhanda elimhlophe, uqhwaku kanye ne-iris yamehlo kuphuzi okukhanyayo.
I-Peregrine falcon
Ukhozi lwe-peregrine lungolomndeni wakwaFalcon, ubukhulu balo abudluli ubukhulu begwababa elifakwe izigqoko. Ihlukaniswa yimpaphe emnyama yangemuva, eyisilayiti empunga, isisu esikhanyayo esinezinhlobonhlobo kanye nenhloko emnyama ekhanda. IPeregrine Falcon iyinyoni eshesha kakhulu emhlabeni, ijubane layo lingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-322 ngehora.
Ukhozi Olunamabala Amancane
Ukhozi Olunamabala Amakhulu
Izinkozi ezinamachashaza amancanyana nakhulu kakhulu azihlukaniseki, anezimpaphe ezinsundu ngombala, emuva kwekhanda nendawo engaphansi komsila kukhanya kakhulu.
