I-Apistogram Ramirezi (Latin Mikrogeophagus ramirezi) noma i-butterfly cichlid (i-chromis butterfly) iyinhlanzi encane, enhle nenokuthula yase-aquarium, enamagama amaningi ahlukene.
Yize yatholwa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 kunesihlobo sayo, uvemvane lwaseBolivia (Mikrogeophagus altispinosus), yi-Ramirezi apistogram manje esaziwa kakhulu futhi ithengiswa ngobuningi.
Yize womabili la ma-cichlids emifushane, uvemvane luncane kuneBolivia futhi lukhula lufike ku-5 cm, ngokwemvelo lukhulu kancane, lungaba ngu-7 cm.
Ukuphila emvelweni
I-cichlid apistogram kaRamirezi encane yachazwa okokuqala ngo-1948. Ngaphambilini, igama layo lesayensi kwakunguPaplilochromis ramirezi kanye no-Apistogramma ramirezi, kepha ngonyaka we-1998 laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iMikrogeophagus ramirezi, futhi kulungile ukuyibiza ngokuthi yiRamirezi microgeophagus, kepha sizoyeka igama elaziwa kakhulu.
Uhlala eNingizimu Melika, futhi kunenkolelo yokuthi izwe lakubo yi-Amazon. Kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, akutholakali e-Amazon, kepha kusabalele emgodini wayo, emifuleni nasemifudlaneni ephakela lo mfula omkhulu. Uhlala esigodini soMfula i-Orinoco eVenezuela naseColombia.
Uncamela amachibi namachibi ngamanzi amile, noma umsinga othule kakhulu, lapho kunesihlabathi noma udaka ezansi, nezitshalo eziningi. Zondla ngokumba emhlabathini zifuna ukudla kwezitshalo nezinambuzane ezincane. Ziphinde zondle kukholamu lamanzi futhi kwesinye isikhathi zisuke ngaphezulu.
Incazelo
I-butterfly chromis iyi-cichlid encane enemibala egqamile enomzimba oval kanye namaphiko aphezulu. Eziduna zakha isiphetho esibukhali sangemuva futhi sikhulu kunezinsikazi, esifinyelela ku-5 cm ubude.
Yize emvelweni uvemvane lukhula luze lube ngamasentimitha ayi-7. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, isikhathi sokuphila cishe siyiminyaka emi-4, engemningi kangako, kepha ngenhlanzi esayizi encane kangako, lokhu akukubi.
Umbala wale nhlanzi ukhanya kakhulu futhi uyakhanga. Amehlo abomvu, ikhanda eliphuzi, umzimba ocwebezela ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokububende, futhi nebala elimnyama emzimbeni namaphiko akhanyayo. Imibala ehlukene kakhulu - igolide, ugesi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-albino, iveli.
Qaphela ukuthi imvamisa imibala ekhanyayo enjalo ingumphumela wokwengezwa kodayi bamakhemikhali noma ama-hormone kokuphakelayo. Futhi ngokuthola inhlanzi enjalo, uzibeka engcupheni yokulahleka ngokushesha.
Kepha kulokhu ukwehluka kwayo akupheli, kubizwa nangokwehluka kakhulu: i-apistogram kaRamirezi, uvemvane lukaRamirez, uvemvane lwe-chromis, i-butterfly cichlid nezinye. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zidida izimfundamakhwela, kepha empeleni sikhuluma ngenhlanzi efanayo, kwesinye isikhathi enombala ohlukile noma ukuma komzimba.
Njengalezi zinguquko, njenge-neon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kagesi noma igolide, umphumela wokulala nesihlobo kanye nokwehla kancane kancane kwezinhlanzi ngenxa yokuwela ngaphakathi. Ngaphezu kobuhle, amafomu amasha, akhanyayo nawo athola ukuzivikela okubuthakathaka nokuthambekela kwezifo.
Abadayisi futhi bayathanda ukusebenzisa ama-hormone nemijovo ukwenza izinhlanzi zihehe ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlela ukuzithengela i-butterfly cichlid, bese ukhetha kumthengisi omaziyo ukuze izinhlanzi zakho zingafi noma ziguquke zibe ukufana okumpunga ngokwazo ngemuva kwesikhashana.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Uvemvane waziwa njengenye yama-cichlids amahle kakhulu kulabo abanquma ukuzama ukuzigcinela lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi. Mncane, unokuthula, ukhanya kakhulu, udla zonke izinhlobo zokudla.
Uvemvane awudingi imingcele yamanzi futhi uzivumelanisa kahle, kepha uyaluqonda ushintsho olungazelelwe kumapharamitha. Yize kulula ukuzala, ukukhulisa gazinga kunzima kakhulu.
Futhi manje kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezibuthakathaka, ezingafa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthengwa, noma kungakapheli unyaka. Ngokusobala kuyathinta ukuthi igazi belingavuselelwa isikhathi eside futhi inhlanzi yaba buthakathaka. Noma iqiniso lokuthi zikhuliswa emapulazini ase-Asia, lapho zigcinwa khona ekushiseni okuphezulu okungama-30 ° C, futhi cishe nemvula, kuyathinta.
Uvemvane lweChromis lunolaka oluncane kakhulu kunamanye ama-cichlids, kepha futhi kunzima kakhulu ukulugcina futhi luthambe. IRamirezi inokuthula okukhulu, empeleni ingenye yama-cichlids ambalwa angagcinwa ku-aquarium eyabiwe, noma ngabe inezinhlanzi ezincane njengama-neon noma ama-guppies.
Yize bengakhombisa izimpawu ezithile zokuhlaselwa, maningi amathuba okusabisa kunokuhlasela empeleni. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma othile ehlasela insimu yakhe.
Ukondla
Le yinhlanzi edla omnivorous, emvelweni idla izinto zezitshalo nezinto eziphilayo ezincane ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala emhlabathini.
E-aquarium, udla zonke izinhlobo zokudla okubukhoma nokubandayo - ama-bloodworms, i-tubifex, i-corotra, i-brine shrimp. Abanye abantu badla ama-flakes nama-granules, imvamisa ayizimisele kakhulu.
Udinga ukumondla kabili noma kathathu ngosuku, ngezingxenye ezincane. Njengoba inhlanzi inamahloni, kubalulekile ukuthi ibe nesikhathi sokudla komakhelwane bayo abanempilo.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Kunconywe ivolumu ye-aquarium yokugcina kusuka kumalitha angama-70. Zikhetha amanzi ahlanzekile anokugeleza okuphansi nokuqukethwe umoya-mpilo.
Ukuguqulwa kwamanzi masonto onke kanye nesiphon senhlabathi kuyimpoqo, ngoba izinhlanzi zigcinwa ikakhulu ezansi, ukwanda kwezinga le-ammonia ne-nitrate emhlabathini kuzobathinta kuqala.
Kunconywa ukukala inani le-ammonia emanzini njalo ngesonto. Isihlungi singaba sangaphakathi noma sangaphandle, esokugcina siyathandwa.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlabathi noma amatshe amnandi njengenhlabathi, ngoba izimvemvane zithanda ukuphenya kuyo. Ungahlobisa i-aquarium ngesitayela somfula wabo wendabuko eNingizimu Melika. Isihlabathi, izindawo eziningi zokucasha, amabhodwe, izinkuni zokukhukhula, nezihlahla eziwugqinsi.
Amaqabunga ezihlahla awile angabekwa phansi ukudala imvelo efana nemvelo.
Izinhlanzi azithandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, futhi kungcono ukuvumela izitshalo ezintantayo ebusweni bezinhlobo.
Manje sezijwayela kahle amapharamitha wamanzi wesifunda lapho zihlala khona, kepha zizolunga: izinga lokushisa kwamanzi 24-28C, ph: 6.0-7.5, 6-14 dGH.
Ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Uvemvane lungagcinwa emanzini ajwayelekile, nezinhlanzi ezinokuthula naphakathi nendawo. Ngokwayo, uzwana nanoma iyiphi inhlanzi, kepha ezinkulu zingamcasula.
Omakhelwane bangaba yi-viviparous: ama-guppies, izinkemba, ama-platies nama-mollies, ne-haracin ehlukahlukene: ama-neon, ama-neon abomvu, i-rhodostomuses, i-rasbora, i-erythrozones
Ngokuqondene nokuqukethwe kwama-apistogramu eRamirezi anezimfanzi, noma kunjalo kuncane, kepha kuyicichlid. Futhi, uma engathinti imfanzi enkulu, khona-ke isihlangu sizobhekwa njengokudla.
Uvemvane i-ramireza lungahlala lodwa noma ngambili. Uma uzogcina amabhangqa amaningana, i-aquarium kufanele ibe banzi futhi ibe nendawo yokuhlala, ngoba izinhlanzi, njengawo wonke ama-cichlids, ziyindawo.
Ngendlela, uma uthenge i-pair, akusho nhlobo ukuthi bazokuzala. Njengomthetho, intsha eyishumi nambili ithengwa ngokuzalanisa, ivumela ukuthi zikhethe umlingani wazo.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Owesifazane ovela kowesilisa ku-apistogram yeRamirezi angahlukaniswa ngesisu esikhanyayo, unolintshi noma okubomvu.
Iduna likhulu futhi linomphetho ocijile wokugqokwayo.
Ukuzala
Ngokwemvelo, inhlanzi yakha umbhangqwana ozinzile futhi izalela amaqanda ayi-150-200 ngasikhathi.
Ukuthola gazinga e-aquarium, njengomthetho, bathenga ama-6-10 gazinga bese bewakhulisa ndawonye, bese bezikhethela umlingani wabo. Uma uthenga owesilisa nowesifazane nje, ngakho-ke kukude nesiqinisekiso sokuthi bazokwakha ipheya futhi kuzala ukuqala.
Izimvemvane zeChromis zikhetha ukubeka amaqanda azo ematsheni abushelelezi noma emaqabunga abanzi, kusihlwa emazingeni okushisa angama-25 - 28 ° C.
Baphinde badinge ikhoneni elithulile nelifihlekile ukuze kungabikho muntu obaphazamisayo, ngoba bangadla i-caviar bengaphansi kwengcindezi. Uma lo mbhangqwana enenkani eqhubeka nokudla amaqanda ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzala, khona-ke ungasusa abazali bese uzama ukuzitholela wena gazinga.
Lo mbhangqwana owakhiwe uchitha isikhathi esiningi uhlanza amatshe akhethiwe ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokho insikazi izalela amaqanda ewolintshi ayi-150-200, bese owesilisa ewafaka emanyolo.
Abazali bagada amaqanda ndawonye futhi bawaphephetha ngamaphiko. Zihle ikakhulukazi ngalesi sikhathi.
Cishe amahora angama-60 ngemuva kokuzala, lesi sibungu siyochamusela, kuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa gazinga lizobhukuda. Insikazi izohambisa ifry iye kwenye indawo ecashile, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi owesilisa aqale ukumhlasela, bese kufanele abekwe.
Amanye ama-pair ahlukanisa i-gazinga ibe yimihlambi emibili, kepha njengomthetho owesilisa unakekela wonke umhlambi wefry. Ngokushesha nje lapho zibhukuda, owesilisa uzithatha ngomlomo wakhe, "azihlanze", abese ezikhafula.
Kuyahlekisa ukubuka ukuthi owesilisa onemibala egqamile uthatha kanjani gazinga ngokulandelana bese ekuhlanza emlonyeni wakhe, bese ebakhipha. Kwesinye isikhathi ubamba umgodi omkhulu enhlabathini wezingane zakhe ezikhulayo azigcine lapho.
Lapho nje isikhwama se-yolk sefry sesincibilikile futhi babhukuda, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukubondla. Okuphakelayo kokuqala - i-microworm, infusoria noma isikhuphasha seqanda.
I-Artemia nauplii ingashintshwa ngemuva kwesonto, noma abanye ochwepheshe bondla kusuka ngosuku lokuqala.
Ubunzima bokukhulisa gazinga ukuthi bayazwela kumapharamitha wamanzi futhi kubalulekile ukugcina amanzi azinzile futhi ahlanzekile. Izinguquko zamanzi kufanele zenziwe nsuku zonke, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-10%, ngoba ezinkulu sezivele zizwele.
Cishe ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, owesilisa uyayeka ukuqapha gazinga futhi kufanele asuswe. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, ushintsho lwamanzi lungakhuphuka lufike kuma-30%, futhi udinga ukuwuguqula ngamanzi adluliswa nge-osmosis.
