I-Tornjak (i-English Tornjak noma i-Bosnian Shepherd dog) iyinhlobo yezinja ezalusa izintaba, umsebenzi wazo omkhulu kwakuwukuvikela imihlambi yezimvu neminye imfuyo.
Kukhona igama lesibili lohlobo: IBosnia Shepherd Inja. Lolu hlobo luyi-autochthonous, okungukuthi, lwasendaweni futhi aluvamile kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.
Umlando wozalo
Uhlobo lolo hlobo lwezinja ezazisetshenziselwa ukuvikela imfuyo ekuhlaselweni yizilwane zasendle nabantu abasezintabeni. Lezi yizinja zokuqapha nokwelusa ngasikhathi sinye, zazingezikhathi ezingafani naphakathi kwabantu abehlukene. Isibonelo, inja yasePyrenean yasezintabeni, i-akbash, i-gampr, i-mastiff yaseSpain, inja eyelusayo yaseCaucasus.
Izinja ezinjalo zihlala zinezici ezifanayo, zomzimba nezingokwengqondo. Lezi yilezi: usayizi omkhulu, ijazi eliphakathi noma elide, ukuzimisela, ukuzimela kanye nokwesaba.
Izinja ezazingezokhokho balolo hlobo zazisakazeke kuzo zonke izindawo ezinezintaba zaseBosnia naseHerzegovina naseCroatia nasezigodini eziseduze.
Ukushiwo kokuqala kwezinja ezifanayo kubuyela emuva ngekhulu le-11, bese kuthi lolu hlobo kukhulunywe ngalo ngekhulu le-14. Imibhalo ebhaliwe evela kulezi zikhathi ibalula okokuqala ngohlobo lweBosnia-Herzegovinian-Croatia. Isibonelo, ngo-1374, uPeter Horvat, uMbhishobhi waseDjakovo (eCroatia), uzobhala ngabo.
Igama lolo hlobo yiTornjak, elisuselwa egameni lesiBosnia-Croatian elithi "tor" elisho indawo yezinkomo. Igama ngokwalo likhuluma ngenhloso yabo, kepha lapho ukuzalanisa izimvu kunyamalala, lo mhlobo nawo wanyamalala. Futhi ngekhulu lama-20, lase lingasekho.
Ukucwaninga ngokuphila kwabo okungokomlando nokwalandela, nokuhlenga okuhlelekile ekuqothulweni, kwaqala ngasikhathi sinye eCroatia naseBosnia naseHerzegovina cishe ngonyaka we-1972, futhi ukuzalanisa okungaxutshiwe okuqhubekayo kwaqala ngo-1978.
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1970, iqembu labaphathi bezinja bendawo laqala ukuqoqa izinja ezisele ezazifanelana kahle nomqondo wakudala wohlobo.
Umsebenzi wabo wathweswa umqhele ngempumelelo. Isibalo samanje sohlanga sinezinja eziningi ezihlanzekile, ezikhethwe ezizukulwaneni eziningana, ezihlakazeke kulo lonke elaseBosnia naseHerzegovina naseCroatia.
Incazelo
Inja enamandla, ifomethi yesikwele, enemilenze emide. Ngaphandle kokuthi lolu akulona uhlobo olukhulu kunawo wonke, kunzima ukubabiza ngokuthi bancane. Abesilisa ababunile bafinyelela ku-67-73 cm bese benesisindo esingu-50-60 kg, ama-bitches angama-62-68 cm nesisindo esingu-35-45 kg.
UTornyak uyinja enezinwele ezinde. Izinwele zinde, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olungenhla lwekhanda, amahlombe nangemuva, futhi zingahle zivele kancane.
Amajazi abo aphindwe kabili, futhi ungqimba lwangaphakathi lukhulu kakhulu ukuwavikela ebusika obunzima. Ibhantshi eliphezulu lide, liwugqinsi, liyarhaba futhi liqondile.
Umbala unemibala emibili noma emithathu, kepha umbala ogqamile uvame ukuba mhlophe. Kukhona nezinja ezinoboya obumnyama nokumakwa okumhlophe, okuvame kakhulu entanyeni, ekhanda nasemilenzeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe izinja ezimhlophe ezinamabala amancane amancane zingenzeka. Ingemuva lenja imvamisa inemibala eminingi enezimpawu ezihlukile. Umsila unezimpaphe ezinde.
Uhlamvu
Uhlobo lunesimo esizolile esifana nenja eyelusa ezintabeni. UTornyak uyinja evikelayo, imvamisa eyisidalwa esizolile, esinokuthula, lapho uqala ukuyibona isidalwa esingenandaba, kepha uma isimo sidinga lokho, qapha futhi uqaphe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umnikazi ngamunye uzokutshela ukuthi lena yinja enobungane nenakekelayo ethanda izingane. Kepha kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu ngokuyinhloko kungunogada (umalusi) osebenza njalo.
Kuhle ukuthi cishe wonke ama-tornyacs asheshe akhumbule omakhelwane bawo phansi komgwaqo, ikakhulukazi labo onabangane nabo. Babuye bakhumbule abadlula njalo, kanye nabangane babo bezinja. Kepha bazokhonkotha kakhulu izinja ezingajwayelekile nabantu abadlulayo, futhi abagibeli bezithuthuthu "bayicala elikhethekile" kubo.
Ngokuphathelene nabantu ongabazi noma ezinye izilwane, njengomthetho, i-tornyak ayinalo ulaka kakhulu. Kepha lapho isimo sidinga lokho, uyanquma impela futhi angahlasela abaphikisi abanamandla amakhulu ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Abelusi bathi inja eyayigade umhlambi yayingumphikisi ofanele izimpisi ezimbili, nokuthi izinja ezimbili zizohlangana zixoshe ibhere ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Le nja akuyona eyokuhlala yodwa isikhathi eside nokwenelisa, njengezinye izinhlobo zokufuya. Isimo senja sinonya ngokwanele ukuba ngumqaphi omuhle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sisondelene kakhulu, sifudumele futhi sithandana kakhulu nabantu baso, abangane abaseduze nezingane.
Uthanda ukuba phakathi kwabantu, uyadlala kakhulu futhi unenjabulo enkampanini yezingane. Bazwela kakhulu nomndeni wabo.
Isinja sezimvu simnene ngokungajwayelekile kumnikazi waso nasemndenini waso, sizobavikela njalo nakuyo yonke indawo, futhi sivikele nempahla yomnikazi ngokulahlekelwa yimpilo yaso.
Angaba futhi ophumayo futhi obekezelayo kubantu angabazi uma ehlangana kahle, eqala njengomdlwane. Isiphepho esisebenza kahle sizovumela ingane engaziwa ukuthi ilenga entanyeni yayo.
Kepha, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma isiphi isikhala inja esibona njengempahla yomnikazi waso - uzozivikela ngaphandle kokuphikisa! Uyaqapha angahlehli!
Uma zigcinwa njengezilwane zasekhaya zasemadolobheni zakudala, abazoba ngabanikazi kufanele bazi ukuthi lo mhlobo unesifiso sokuzalwa. Qaphela abantu ongabazi egcekeni lakho!
Ukuhlala ephaketheni, baba izilwane ezihlala nabantu ngaphandle kokulwa phakathi kwamalungu epakethe.
Ama-oda aqondile ajwayelekile afana nala: hlala phansi, ulale, ulethe lapha, shiya inja ingenandaba. Isizathu salokhu akukhona ukungalaleli ngamabomu, noma ngisho nenkani.
Isizathu ukuthi ababoni nje iphuzu lokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezijwayelekile. Ngaphandle kokwala ama-oda, le nja ithambekele kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo zayo mayelana nokuthi yenzeni empeleni, ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.
Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu lapho befinyelela ekuvuthweni okugcwele. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinja eziqinile kakhulu, ezingafuni kakhulu, ezinamandla.
Umsebenzi
Izinga lomsebenzi womzimba wohlobo luvame ukuba phansi, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-9-12 (ngesikhathi sokukhula okunamandla). Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, bangaqeqesha ngaphezulu.
Zikhetha ukuhamba ibanga elide ngaphandle kwe-leash futhi zidlala kakhulu nezinye izinja. Bazokweneliseka nangokuhamba imizuzu engu-20 kuphela uma umnikazi ephuthuma.
Funda ngokushesha futhi ungakhohlwa abakufundile; bayakujabulela ukuqedela imisebenzi ngakho-ke kulula ukuyiqeqesha.
Ziqinile futhi ziqinile, ebusika obuneqhwa ebusika lezi zinja zilele phansi futhi zivame ukumbozwa yiqhwa, kungabi yiqhwa ngenxa yejazi lazo elijiyile noma, njengoba abantu bendawo bangasho.
Ukuzijabulisa
Umdlwane udinga ukuhlangana kusenesikhathi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwasekuqaleni (kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-9 ubudala) kunomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho yonke yenja.
Kumele abhekane nazo zonke izimo ezethusayo ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze agweme ukusabela okulandelayo okulandelayo.
Umsindo wethrafikhi, amaloli amakhulu namabhasi kuzodala ukwesaba ebudaleni uma inja ingakaze ihlangabezane nalezi zimo njengomdlwane.
Esemncane, yonke imidlwane kufanele ihlangane nabantu engabazi abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kanye nezinye izilwane, izinja, ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimilo esilawulwayo nesizinzile lapho sebekhulile.
Ukunakekela
Uhlobo olungathobekile olungalala eqhweni. Kodwa-ke, ukuxubha ingubo yakhe amahlandla ambalwa ngesonto kuzogcina inja yakho ibukeka iqoqekile futhi ifulethi ngeke limbozwe izinwele. Kodwa-ke, ukumgcina efulethini akunconywa.
Izinja zinezindlebe ezi-floppy eziqoqa amanzi nokungcola futhi zidinga ukuhlolwa njalo ngesonto ukuvikela ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala. Izinzipho zazo zikhula ngokushesha futhi zidinga ukubhekwa njalo ngesonto, izinzipho ezikhule kakhulu zidinga ukusikwa nge-clipper.
Ezempilo
Izinhlobo ezinempilo ngokujwayelekile, yize amaprotheni amaningi ekudleni aziwa ukuthi adala izinkinga ezithile zempilo, ikakhulukazi ngejazi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba kanzima kufanele kugwenywe ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokuphila ukugwema izinkinga ezihlangene kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-hip dysplasia.
