Inja yaseKhanani (ngesiHeberu כֶּלֶב כְּנַעַנִי, inja yaseKhanani eyiNgisi) iyinhlobo yezinja eziyimvelo ezivela eMiddle East. Le nja itholakala kwa-Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, eSinayi Peninsula, kanti lezi noma izinja ezifana nazo zitholakala eGibhithe, Iraq naseSyria. Kunezinja ezingamaKhanani eziphakathi kuka-2 000 no-3 000 emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulu eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Umlando wozalo
Umlando walolu hlobo ungalandelwa emuva ku-2200 BC, lapho unyamalala emlandweni ukuze uphinde uvele maphakathi nawo-1930, ngalesi sikhathi obizwa ngokuthi yinja ye-pariah. Inja yaseKhanani yathola igama layo eZweni laseKhanani, okuyindawo yokuzalwa yalolu hlobo.
Ama-hieroglyphs atholakala emathuneni aseBeni Hasan, kusukela ngonyaka ka-2200-2000 BC, abonisa izinja ezibonisa ukufana nenja yanamuhla yaseKhanani. ENhlonhlweni YaseSinayi, kunomdwebo oqoshwe ngamatshe osukela ngekhulu lokuqala kuya kwele-3 AD obonisa inja elingana nosayizi nokuma kwenja yanamuhla yaseKhanani.
E-Ashkelon (kwa-Israyeli), kwatholakala amathuna okukholakala ukuthi angamaFenike. Kusuka maphakathi nekhulu lesi-5 BC. Bekuqukethe izinja ezingaba ngu-700, zonke zingcwatshwe ngokucophelela endaweni efanayo, zilele ngohlangothi ngemilenze egobile nemisila egobile izungeze imilenze yazo yangemuva. Ngokusho kwabavubukuli, kwakukhona ukuxhumana okuqinile okubonakalayo phakathi kwalezi zinja nenja yaseKhanani.
E-Sidonian Lebanon, kwatholakala i-sarcophagus ethandana ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-4 BC. e. Kubonisa u-Alexander Omkhulu nenkosi yaseSidon bezingela ibhubesi nenja yokuzingela efana neKhanani.
Lezi zinja zaziningi esifundeni ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ama-Israyeli ahlakazeke ngamaRoma eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2 000 edlule. Ngenkathi inani lamaJuda lehla, izinja eziningi zafuna isiphephelo ehlane laseNegev, okuyindawo enkulu yemvelo yezilwane zasendle zakwa-Israyeli.
Ukugwema ukuqothulwa, bahlala ikakhulukazi bengasendle. Abanye baqhubeka nokufuya, behlala namaBedouin futhi beziphilisa ngokuqapha imihlambi namakamu.
Ngo-1934, uSolwazi Rudolfina Menzel, isazi esidumile ekuziphatheni nasekuqeqesheni izinja, wathutha nomyeni wakhe, uDkt Rudolf Menzel, besuka ekhaya labo eVienna baya endaweni yasePalestine eyayizoba yi-Israel kamuva. Lapho waqala ukusebenza nenhlangano kaHaganah, eyandulela i-Jewish Defence Forces. Umsebenzi wakhe kwakungukulungiselela izinja umsebenzi wezempi eHaganah.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okungaphumelelanga, uProfesa Menzel washeshe wabona ukuthi izinhlobo ezivame ukuwenza kahle lo msebenzi bezingakwazi ukubhekana nesimo esibi sogwadule. Wabe eseqala ukucwaninga ngezinja zasendle azibona ehlane.
Lezi kwakuyizinja zendawo ezakhula futhi zahlala emaphandleni. Abanye babo bake bahlala nabantu, kanti abanye bahlala emaphethelweni ezindawo zokuhlala nasezindaweni ezivulekile amakhulu eminyaka. Iningi lezinja ayeziqoqa zazihlala emaphethelweni ezinkambu zaseBedouin.
Uqale ngokuheha izinja ezindala enkanjini waphinde wathatha imidlwane yemidlwane ebikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokufuya. Owesilisa wakhe wokuqala wamthatha izinyanga eziyisi-6 ukuze amthambise, kepha kwathi kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa wajwayela kakhulu kangangokuba wakwazi ukumhambisa edolobheni agibele amabhasi.
Wamqamba ngokuthi uDugma, okusho ukuthi ngesiHeberu isibonelo. Uqale uhlelo lokuzalela ngo-1934 futhi ngokushesha wahlinzeka ngezinja ezisebenza ebusosheni. Wabuye wasabalalisa imidlwane eminingi njengezilwane ezifuywayo nezinja zokuqapha. Inja yaseKhenani yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ngesikhathi nangemva kweMpi Yezwe II ukusebenza njengezithunywa, abasizi beRed Cross, kanye nabaqaphi.
Enye yezinja zokuqala eziqeqeshwe ngempumelelo ekutholeni imayini kwakuyinja yaseKhanani.
Ngo-1949, uDkt. Menzel wasungula inhlangano ezosiza izimpumputhe. Ngo-1953, waqala ukuqeqesha izinja zaseKhanani njengezinja ezihola izimpumputhe. Yize ekwazile ukuqeqesha izinja eziningana, uthole ukuthi izinja zinenkani kakhulu, zizimele, zinenkani futhi azikulungele ukusetshenziswa njengezinja eziholayo.
Kamuva waphakela izinja ezizalisayo esibayeni sakwaShaar-Khagai, esaqhubeka nokuzala inja yaseKhanani. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe ngo-1973, izinja zikaShaar Khagai zaqhubeka nohlelo lokuzalisa ngokuyalela kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwezinja zohlobo loqobo kwaqhubeka ukukhulisa ichibi lezakhi zofuzo, ikakhulukazi kusuka eBedouin yaseNegev.
I-Israel Kennel Club yaqala ukubona inja yaseKhanani ngo-1953 kanye neFCI (Cynological Federation International) ngo-1966. UDkt Menzel ubhale indinganiso yokuqala eyamukelekayo. I-UK Kennel Club yamukela ngokusemthethweni lolu hlobo ngoDisemba 1970.
NgoJuni 1989, inja yaseKhanani yamukelwa e-American Kennel Club (AKC). Izinja zibhaliswe ku-AKC studbook kusukela ngoJuni 1, 1997 futhi zaqala ukuncintisana ngo-Agasti 12, 1997.
Ukubanjiswa kwezinja zasendle zaseKhanani manje sekuphelile cishe ngenxa yobunzima bokuthola uhlobo loqobo. Iningi lezinja ebelihlala ngaphandle libhujisiwe ekulweni namarabi noma lihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlobo.
Ngisho nezinja eziningi zaseKhanani ezifuywayo namuhla zixubene nezinye izinhlobo. Kungenzeka ukuthi phakathi kwezizwe ezisaphila impilo yendabuko yokufuduka, kusenabameleli bomdabu bohlobo.
Inja yaseKhanani ayivamile kakhulu futhi ibalwa ngokuthandwa kakhulu, ikleliswe ezinhlotsheni ezingama-163 kwezingu-167 kuhlu lwama-AKC lwango-2019 lwezinja ezaziwa kakhulu.
Uthole ukuvelela okuncane eMelika ngenkathi uJohn F. Kennedy, Jr. ethenga injana yezinja yaseKhanani enezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ebizwa ngoLwesihlanu. UKennedy uqambe injanyana ngemuva kosuku olulodwa lwesonto lapho ahamba nenja baya nayo emsebenzini.
Yena nomndeni wakhe babeyithanda kakhulu inja yaseKhanani kangangokuba umzala kaKennedy, uRobert Shriver, naye wathengela umndeni wakhe eyodwa. Ukuba yindoda ehlakaniphile, uKennedy, owayekhathazekile ngokuvikela lolu hlobo ekuxhashazweni, akazange alisho igama lalo, esaba ukuthi lizokwandisa igama lalo. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni abantu abaningi abangenalwazi bakholelwe ukuthi inja iyisihlava.
Incazelo yohlobo
Inja yaseKhanani ihamba ngobuhle nangomusa. Ikhanda elimise okwekhanda ngamehlo amnyama amise okwe-alimondi, izindlebe eziphansi ezinde, ezimile ziqhakambisa uhlobo. Ijazi elimbili liqondile futhi linokhahlo ngengubo yangaphansi ebonakala kakhulu kwabesilisa. Umsila uyathamba, ubambeka esicongweni esicijile futhi ukhuphuka phezulu futhi ugobile ngemuva lapho inja iphapheme noma ijabule.
Isilinganiso esifanele sokuphakama nobude bomzimba ngu-1: 1, noma ubude obufanayo nobude, okunikeza umzimba umumo ophelele. Ukuphakama kokubuna kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-60 kubafana kanye namasentimitha angama-45 kuye kwangama-50 amantombazane. Inesisindo kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-25 kg naku-15 kuye ku-22 kg, ngokulandelana.
Umbala wejazi usukela kokumnyama kuye kokhilimu nayo yonke imibala ensundu nokubomvu phakathi, imvamisa inezimpawu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, noma imhlophe ngokuphelele ngamabala anemibala. Zonke izinhlobo zokubona zivunyelwe, kanye namaski amhlophe noma amnyama.
Isifihla-buso siyisici esamukelekayo nesingafani nenja yaseKhanani enabamhlophe kakhulu. Isifihla-buso sinombala ofanayo namabala emzimbeni. Isifihla-buso sokulinganisa kufanele simboze ngokuphelele amehlo nezindlebe noma ikhanda ngesimo se-hood.
Okuwukuphela kombala omhlophe owamukelekayo kumask noma hood indawo emhlophe yanoma iluphi usayizi noma umumo, noma umhlophe embhedeni ongaphansi kwemaski.
Uhlamvu
Inja yaseKhanani ihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyiqeqesha. Abagcini ngokufunda ngokuzithandela imiyalo emisha, kepha futhi bayifunda kalula.
Njenganoma iyiphi inja ehlakaniphe kakhulu, umKhanani uvame ukubhoreka uma ezwa sengathi ukuqeqeshwa akunzima ngokwanele. Uma bezwa sengathi kukhona okuchitha isikhathi sabo, khona-ke bazomelana nokufunda futhi bathole okuthile okuthakazelisa kakhudlwana. Kulezi zimo, kunzima ukuziqeqesha. Udinga ukuqhamuka nenkuthazo engapheli namaqembu ukuze abagcine benentshisekelo.
Ukuqeqeshwa okuyisidina akukhona kwalezi zinja. Bazobhoreka njengoba sebevele bayifundile inkinga futhi bafuna ukudlulela kokunye okusha nokujabulisayo.
Inkinga ngokuqeqesha inja yaseKhanani ukuthi uzodinga ukunaka konke abakwenzayo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa. Lezi yizinja ezikhohlisayo nezihehayo futhi zizozama ukugwema ukwenza lokho ezingafuni ukukwenza. Ngokuqeqeshwa okubandakanya uhlobo oluthile lomvuzo, njengokudla noma ukudlala, ungalawula ukusebenza kwabo.
Ukuqiniswa okuhle kuyindlela kuphela yokuqeqesha le nja. Ukuqiniswa okungekuhle kuzosho ukuthi inja isheshe ilahlekelwe inzalo futhi ithole okuthile okungcono engakwenza.
Uma bengazijabulisi ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba, khona-ke bayazijabulisa ngokwabo, imvamisa ngokukhokhelwa kwesikhwama sakho semali.
Bangabelusi bemvelo futhi, ngakho-ke noma yimuphi umsebenzi obavumela ukuba baluse umhlambi uzobasiza nokuba basebenzise ngokomzimba nangokomzimba. Vele, umuzwa wokwalusa awunamandla njengakwezinye izinhlobo, njengeBorder Collie, ngokwesibonelo.
Inja yaseKhanani, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi, kuzodingeka ifunde amakhono okuxhumana nabantu isencane ukuze inqume ukuthi ngubani umngani nokuthi ngubani isitha. Banolaka futhi bazokhonkotha uma bezwa isidingo sokuvikela umhlambi.
Lapho behlangana nabantu abasha noma izinja, bazogcina ibanga labo, bazungeze futhi bahoxe, babone okwenzekayo. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi inja yaseKhanani inamahloni, kepha lena yindlela yabo yokuphendula ezimweni ezintsha noma ezingaba yingozi.
Inja futhi iyabaxwaya abantu ongabazi. Lesi sici sibenza babe yizinja zokuqapha. Bazokhonkotha noma nini lapho bebona umuntu abangamazi. Yinja ephelele yomndeni efuna ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe, noma isizungu esifuna umvikeli oqotho. Kodwa-ke, uma uhamba kakhulu phambi kwendlu yakho, inja yakho izokhonkotha kakhulu. Cabanga ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuzoba yinkinga yini komakhelwane bakho.
Bazwana kahle nezingane, bazithatha njengengxenye yephakethe labo futhi baziphathe kahle. Qiniseka ukuthi wethula izingane zakho kusenesikhathi futhi uzifundise ukuhlonipha inja. Bazwana kahle nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ekhaya lapho bakhuliswa khona, kubandakanya namakati.
Izinja zaseKhanani zingaba nolaka nezinye izinja. Abanye abakwazi ukuhlala nanoma iyiphi inja yobulili obufanayo, kanti abanye basabalalisa ubudlova kunoma iyiphi inja abahlangana nayo. Ukuxhumana nabantu kusenesikhathi nokufunda kungasiza ekunciphiseni le nkinga kamuva empilweni.
Inja yaseKhanani idinga ukuxhumana nomphakathi kabanzi. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, ukuvezwa kwabantu abaningi abehlukene, izinto ozibonayo, izindawo, imisindo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kuyadingeka. Inja eye yavezwa ezimweni ezahlukahlukene ebusheni bayo ngeke ibe noxinzelelo oluncane futhi ingathambekele ekwenzeni ngamawala lapho ibhekene nokuthile okusha.
Ezinye izinja zidlula esigabeni sokwesaba esiqala phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-9 no-12 ubudala futhi singahlala unyaka. Bangakhathazeka kakhulu lapho kukhona abantu abangabazi futhi bakhonkothe ngezinto ezibonakala zingenabungozi.
Ngalesi sigaba, hlisa umoya futhi uzethembe futhi umfundise ukuthi akukho okumele akusabe. Ukuzama ukwehlisa umoya kuzomane kukwenze ukholelwe ukuthi kukhona ngempela okukhona lapho. Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinja zaseKhanani zifunda ukuhlala zodwa endle. Ukuba nesigaba sokwesaba kuqinisekisa ukuthi inja ngeke izame ukuphazamisa inyoka enesihlungu ize yazi ukuthi iyinyoka enobuthi.
Inja yaseKhanani iyathanda ukwenza imisebenzi edinga ukuthi isebenzise ubuhlakani bayo. Uyakwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi eyedwa futhi aziphathe ngokuzimela, akwazi ukuzimela kulokhu. Lokhu kwenza kube uhlobo olufanele kulabo okungenzeka bangabi nesikhathi esiningi sokunaka inja yabo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi inja ingashiywa yodwa usuku lonke, kepha ayidingi ukunakwa njalo ukuze yaneliswe.
Inja yaseKhanani ngeke inikeze lonke uthando lwayo, ukuzinikela nenhlonipho kumnikazi wayo, njengoba kwenza ezinye izinja. Umnikazi kumele ahlonishwe ngaphambi kokuba inja imbuyisele.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezinja, amaKhanani kumele ahlale ekhaya. Akuyona inja yomgwaqo lena. Udinga umphakathi wabantu, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinja.
Inja iyathanda ukumba futhi ingenza izimbobo ezinkulu impela ngesikhathi esincane uma ishiywe yodwa. Nikezela ngendawo yokumba noma uqondise kabusha ukuthambekela kweminye imisebenzi.
Inja yaseKhanani ayidingi ukuzivocavoca umzimba futhi ayisiyohlobo lobuvila. Imvamisa weneliseka ngokuhambahamba nomdlalo onamandla.
Zinguhlobo lwakudala futhi zikhathalela kakhulu ukuphathwa kwamaphakethe kunezinye izinhlobo. Bazozama ukuhlwitha ubuholi bepakethe kumnikazi ongenzi lutho futhi obuthakathaka, ngakho-ke gcina isimo sakho se-alpha.
Bathembekile ngokungajwayelekile futhi bayaqeqeshwa, kepha bazibheka njengabalingana nalabo abahlala nabo. Lolu hlobo lukhula kancane, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ngakho-ke ukuvuthwa okuyisisekelo kutholakala kuphela eminyakeni emine.
Ukunakekela
Olunye lwezinhlobo ezilula kakhulu ukunakekelwa, njengoba ijazi lalo kulula ukunakekelwa. Ukuxubha masonto onke ngebhulashi eliqhakazile kuzosiza ukugcina izinwele zikhululekile kusofa. Ukuxubha kusiza nokugcina inja yakho ibukeka kahle futhi inempilo.
Inja yaseKhanani inengubo emfushane, ephindwe kabili ekhipha kakhulu kabili ngonyaka, ngakho-ke uzoba nezikhathi lapho ukukhishwa kubonakala khona. Kujwayelekile impela ukukhulisa inani lokuzilungisa ngalesi sikhathi.
Inja ayidingi ukugeza njalo ngoba ayinalo iphunga le-canine elihlukile.
Ukunciphisa izinzipho, ukuxubha amazinyo nokugcina izindlebe zihlanzekile ukuvikela ukutheleleka konke kuyadingeka ukugcina lolu hlobo luzele.
Ezempilo
Inja yaseKhenani isungule uhlobo lomzimba namasosha omzimba afanele ukujwayela futhi aphile. Lokhu kubonakala esikhathini sokuphila sohlobo, okuyiminyaka eyi-12-15.
Lesi isizukulwane esasihlala ezimeni ezinzima zasehlane zakwa-Israyeli. Bathuthukise ukuzwa, ukubona nokuhogela, okusebenza njengohlelo lokuqala lwexwayiso lokusondela kwabantu noma izilwane ezidla ezinye. Le nja ayivamile ukuba nezifo ezivame ukubangelwa i-inbreeding.
Ngokusekelwe kuma-x-ray angama-330 we-hip, izigameko ze-hip dysplasia kulolu hlobo zingu-2% kuphela, ngokusho kwe-Orthopedic Foundation of America, kanti i-elbow dysplasia ingu-3% kuphela.
Umdlavuza ovame kakhulu kulolu hlobo yi-lymphosarcoma. I-Lymphosarcoma ngumdlavuza onobungozi othinta uhlelo lwe-lymphoid. Enjeni enempilo, uhlelo lwe-lymphoid luyingxenye ebalulekile yokuzivikela komzimba kuma-virus ezithathelwanayo njengama-virus namagciwane.
