I-Forest biocenosis iyinkimbinkimbi yezimila zesimo sezwekazi elinikeziwe, elibonakala ngenani elikhulu lezihlahla ezikhula ngosayizi omkhulu, kanye nezilwane zasendle nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezingaphili zemvelo kanye nobudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwazo.
Ihlathi lemvelo liyisimo semvelo somhlaba esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke futhi esiqinile. Kubonakala ngokuhlukaniswa okuqondile, ehlathini eliqondile (ungqimba lomqhele, ungqimba lwe-shrub, ungqimba woboya). Ihlathi lidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izimo zamanzi kule ndawo. Izikhukhula zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezigawulwe amahlathi, futhi izintaba zeqhwa nodaka zenzeka ezintabeni.
Ukunqunywa kwehlathi biocenosis
Ihlathi ukwakheka kwezitshalo ezihlangene ezinezihlahla eziningi kanye nezilwane ezithile. Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, singahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningi zalesi sakhiwo, ezihlukile ekubunjweni kwezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Sihlukanisa phakathi kwamahlathi aqinile, ahlukahlukene, axubekile, asezindaweni ezishisayo, amahlathi emvula, njll. Ihlathi lingenye yezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba ezibaluleke kakhulu. Umoya-mpilo ukhiqizwa yinqubo ye-photosynthesis emaqabungeni ezihlahla, kanti ne-carbon dioxide, esanda kubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, iyaphela.
Ihlathi biocenosis, njengoba kuchazwe ngu prof. I-Zh. Kaspinskiy indalo enamandla yemvelo, lapho ihlanganiswa khona ibe yinto engenakuhlukaniswa ngohlelo lokuncika, ukuxhumana kanye nokuthintana: izimila ezikhethekile ezinesimo sezinhlobo zezihlahla, izilwane ezihambisanayo ne-substrate yokwakheka komhlaba, inhlabathi, amanzi nesimo sezulu esisetshenziswa izitshalo nezilwane.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zehlathi biocenosis
Ingxenye eyinhloko yehlathi le-biocenosis yizitshalo ezingabakhiqizi bezinto eziphilayo. Babizwa ngokuthi abakhiqizi. Abathengi balezi zinto babizwa ngabathengi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izilwane ezidla inyama nezidlayo, izinyoni nezinambuzane. Ama-microorganisms, isikhunta kanye nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezigcwala ngokweqile imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo futhi zikulethe esimweni samakhemikhali alula wamaminerali abizwa ngokuthi ama-decomposers. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi izitshalo ziyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko emvelweni nasochungechungeni lokudla.
Isakhiwo sehlathi biocenosis
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamahlathi, ungahlala uhlukanisa izingqimba ezihlukile ezihlukile komunye nomunye. Lezi zingqimba ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo:
- isigaba esiphansi, esifaka phakathi izitshalo ezibusayo, ubulembu, ubulembu nesikhunta;
- izihlahla nezihlahla ezincane;
- isigaba esingaphezulu sakhiwa imiqhele yezitshalo.
Isendlalelo ngasinye sakha izimo zokuhlala ezihlukile, ngakho-ke izilwane nezimbali zihlala khona. Ukwakheka kwezinhlobo zehlathi le-biocenosis kunqunywa uhlobo lwehlathi.
Izici ezibhubhisa i-biocenosis yehlathi
Njengoba wazi, kunezizathu eziningana zokubhujiswa kwe-biocenosis. Lezi yizici ze-anthropogenic nezemvelo. Ukungenelela kwabantu okuyingozi kakhulu kufaka phakathi umoya, inhlabathi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokweqile nemililo.
Izingozi zemvelo zibandakanya izifo, ubhadane lwezifo, kanye nokuthuthuka okunamandla kwezinambuzane.
Iqembu elilandelayo lezinsongo yizici ze-abiotic ezibangelwa izimo zomkhathi nezomzimba. Kodwa-ke, izingozi eziningi, ngandlela thile, zihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yabantu.
Ukubonakala okukhulu kwezinambuzane zemithi kungenxa yesibalo esilinganiselwe sezinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla kulezi zinambuzane. Ukungabikho kwezinyoni kuvame ukubangelwa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo futhi kuvame ukuzingelwa. Ukushintsha kwezimo zemvelo kubangelwa ukufudumala kwesimo sezulu, okungenzeka ukuthi kudalwe ngabantu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo.
Amahlathi abizwa ngamaphaphu aluhlaza oMhlaba, futhi kufanele siwanakekele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, singacasula ibhalansi entekenteke yemiphumela yebhayoloji engaba yinhlekelele.
