IKazakhstan itholakala maphakathi ne-Eurasia. Izwe linomnotho othuthuke kahle, kepha imisebenzi yamanye, ikakhulukazi yezimboni, amabhizinisi asithinte kabi isimo semvelo. Izinkinga zemvelo azinakunakwa, ngoba lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Inkinga yokwenziwa ugwadule komhlaba
Inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke yemvelo eKazakhstan ukuguguleka komhlaba. Lokhu akwenzeki ezifundeni ezomile nezomile kuphela, kepha nasezifundeni ezinesomiso. Le nqubo yenzeka ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo:
- umhlaba omncane wezimbali;
- ungqimba lomhlabathi olungazinzile;
- ukubusa kwesimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi;
- umsebenzi we-anthropogenic.
Okwamanje, ukugwaduleka kwenzeka kuma-66% ensimu yezwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, iKazakhstan ibalwa kuqala ezingeni lamazwe ekunciphisweni kwenhlabathi.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Njengakwamanye amazwe, enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo ukungcoliswa komoya ngezinto ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi:
- i-chlorine;
- umusi wemoto;
- i-nitric oxide;
- isibabule dioxide;
- izinto ezinemisebe;
- i-carbon monoxide.
Ukuhogela lezi zinhlanganisela eziyingozi nomoya, abantu baba nezifo ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nezinzwa.
Ochwepheshe babhale ukuthi isimo esibi kakhulu somkhathi sisezindaweni zezimboni ezithuthukile ngokomnotho - ePavlograd, e-Aksu nase-Ekibastuz. Imithombo yokungcola komkhathi yizimoto nezinsizakusebenza zamandla.
Ukungcola kwe-Hydrosphere
Ensimini Kazakhstan kukhona 7 imifula emikhulu, kukhona amachibi amancane namakhulu, kanye amadamu. Yonke le mithombo yamanzi ithinteka ukungcola, ezolimo kanye nokugeleza kwasekhaya. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinto eziyingozi nezinto ezinobuthi zingena emanzini nasemhlabeni. Ezweni, inkinga yokushoda kwamanzi ahlanzekile isanda kuphuthuma, njengoba amanzi angcoliswe ngamakhemikhali anobuthi engakulungele ukuphuzwa. Akuyona indawo yokugcina ehlala inkinga yokungcola kwezindawo zamanzi ngemikhiqizo kawoyela. Zivimbela ukuzihlanza kwemifula ziphazamise nokusebenza kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ngokuvamile, kunezinkinga eziningi zemvelo eKazakhstan, sihlele kuphela lezo ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukuze kugcinwe imvelo yezwe, kubalulekile ukunciphisa izinga lethonya lomuntu ku-biosphere, ukunciphisa imithombo yokungcola nokwenza izinyathelo zemvelo.
