Izinhlobo zamakhowe oyster zibizwa nge-abalone, oyster noma amakhowe anokhuni futhi ngamanye amakhowe adliwayo. Amakhowe ama-Oyster atshalwa ngabantu emhlabeni wonke, ikhowe livame kakhulu kubalimi nasemindenini ngayinye e-Southeast Asia, Europe nase Africa. Ukuthandwa kungenxa yobulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokutshala, ukuzwakala nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwebhayoloji.
Incazelo
Ikepusi lekhowe le-Oyster linenyama. Ekuqaleni, i-convex, bese iba bushelelezi. Kuma-specimens avuthiwe, anokuma kwegobolondo (ngesi-Latin ostreatus - oyster) njenge-oyster.
Ubuso bezinhlamvu zamakhowe bushelelezi futhi buyacwebezela, bunomdlandla Ekuqaleni kokukhula, ikepisi alihlukaniswa nomlenze. Bese ithatha isimo se-oyster, bese iphenduka i-spatula noma ifeni fan ngokushesha lapho ikhowe lifinyelela ekuvuthweni. Kwakhiwa ukucindezeleka phezulu.
Imilenze yamakhowe oyster
Umlenze uqinile futhi uqinile. Mncane ngenhla, futhi uqina phansi. Isisekelo simbozwe ngocolekileyo, mhlophe phansi. Indawo lapho ikepisi linamathiselwe emlenzeni ihlale imile, itholakala kude nesikhungo.
Hymenophore
Ama-gill aminyene, anamagatsha futhi agijima ngengxenye ye-peduncle. Amagill aqala kokhilimu-mhlophe kuye ekubeni mhlophe ngezimpondo zendlovu futhi abe mpunga.
Oyster mushroom izithelo zomzimba
Inyama yamakhowe iminyene kodwa ithambile. Umbala umhlophe, iphunga limnandi, ukunambitheka kunoshukela. Ikhowe alinamakha kakhulu futhi licishe lingenaphunga.
Izinketho zombala wamakhowe
Umbala wekepisi le-oyster mushroom uyehluka kusuka kumpunga omnyama onombala onsomi kuya kumbala wokukhanya noma amantongomane amnyama.
Amakhowe ama-oyster ansomi
Ithoni ethathwa yikhowe inombala onsundu ngokubomvu, nsundu ngokubomvu, ngokubomvu nokumnyama ngokunsomi ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esigabeni sokugcina sokukhula kombungu. Ngaphambi kokufa, amakhowe aphenduka abe mhlophe futhi abe mhlophe.
Amakhowe ama-oyster ampunga
Umlenze ukhule kahle futhi mfushane. Ngenxa yesimo se-cylindrical esingajwayelekile, ikhowe libonakala liyi-squat.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamakhowe we-Oyster
Isikhathi sokukhula nokuqoqwa kwamakhowe ekwindla-ebusika. Imvamisa oyster oyithela izithelo ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, kanti isikhathi sokukhula sinwetshwa kuze kufike intwasahlobo. Intuthuko imiswa yiqhwa, kepha uma isimo sezulu sifudumala, ukhunta uqala kabusha ukukhula ngokushesha.
Indawo yamakhowe oyster
I-Oyster mushroom iyisikhunta se-saprophyte futhi kwesinye isikhathi yikhunta le-parasitic. Ijoyina iziqu zikabhabhulini nama-mulberry. Amakhowe we-Oyster akhula ngamaqembu amancane, asondelene kakhulu. Imvamisa, ofeleba bamakhowe babekwa ngaphezulu komunye nomunye, njengamasongo ophahleni.
Lezi fungi zikhula esiqwini ngisho nasezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ukusuka emhlabathini. Zikhula ezihlahleni ezinqabayo futhi ezingavamile ukuhlangana. Amakhowe we-Oyster nawo ajwayelekile emapaki wedolobha, emaphethelweni emigwaqo nemigwaqo emikhulu. Leli khowe likhula lisuka emathafeni liye ezintabeni futhi abukho ubunzima ekuzaleni amakhowe oyster.
I-Oyster mushroom isakazeke emahlathini amaningi aphansi nasendaweni eshisayo emhlabeni wonke, ikhowe alikhuli ePacific Northwest of North America. I-saprophyte ebola ngokwemvelo izinkuni ezifile, ikakhulukazi ukutshala okunamanzi kanye ne-beech.
I-Oyster mushroom futhi ingelinye lamakhowe aziwayo adlayo. I-mycelium yayo ibulala futhi igaye ama-nematode, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ezikholelwa ukuthi yindlela isikhunta esithola ngayo i-nitrogen.
Amakhowe ama-oyster akhula ezindaweni eziningi, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zakha amakoloni ezihlahleni kuphela.
Le fungus ivame ukukhula ezihlahleni ezifayo, isebenza kuwo kuphela ama-saprophytic, hhayi ngokufa. Njengoba isihlahla sibulawa ngezinye izimbangela, amakhowe ama-oyster athola inqwaba ekhula ngokushesha yezinkuni esezifile nezifayo ukuze zikhule. Amakhowe e-Oyster ayalizuzisa ngempela ihlathi, abole ukhuni olufile, futhi abuyisele izinto ezibalulekile namaminerali esimisweni semvelo ngendlela efanele ukusetshenziswa ezinye izitshalo nezinto eziphilayo.
Ukukhulisa amakhowe oyster ekhaya
Okhulayo bamakhowe, izitolo zithengisa amabhokisi / izikhwama ezine-substrate ne-oyster mushroom spores futhi zilungele ukukhula ekhaya.
Ukulima amakhowe kwenelisa kakhulu futhi kunenzuzo kwisabelomali somndeni. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutshala lokhu namanye amakhowe. Indlela yokuqala ukulima "okwenziwa ngezandla" emhlabathini engadini yemifino noma greenhouse. Eyesibili, enconyiwe, ukutshalwa "kwezimboni" kusetshenziswa ama-substrates (amabhele) asevele elungiswe ngamabhizinisi ukuze asetshenziswe ekhaya.
Ukukhulisa amakhowe oyster ngesandla "emhlabathini"
Ngenkathi ebandayo, kusikwa iziqu, mhlawumbe kusuka ku-poplar, ububanzi obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20. Isikhathi sasebusika sibalulekile ngoba isihlahla kufanele siyeke ukukhula. Ngemuva kokuthena, iziphunzi zigcinwa endaweni enesithunzi endaweni emi zilindele ukusetshenziswa, okuvamise ukwenzeka phakathi kuka-Ephreli noJuni.
Kunqunywa izingcezu ezingama-30 cm eziqwini zemigodi, kumbiwe imigodi engu-1 ububanzi nokujula okungama-120 cm. Ungqimba lwe-mushroom mycelium lubekwa phansi emgodini, kubekwe neziqu ezibheke phezulu. Bese kuthi olunye ungqimba lwe-mycelium nesiqu, njalonjalo. Ingxenye engenhla imbozwe ngamabhodi futhi kuthululwa ungqimba wenhlabathi oyi-15 cm.
Ukushisa nomswakama okwakheka ngaphakathi emgodini kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthi i-mycelium isakaze phezu kwezingodo ngaphakathi. NgoSepthemba, iziqu ziyasuswa futhi zigqitshwe ngasikhathi sinye ngamasentimitha ayi-15, ebangeni elingu-30 cm komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili, ama-oyster mushroom azoqala ukukhula, aphindaphindayo kwisizini ngayinye elandelayo.
Ukukhulisa amakhowe oyster endaweni engaphansi yezimboni ezikhwameni
Le ndlela yokulima, esetshenziswa yiwo wonke umuntu kahle endlini, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokumba phansi noma sibe nendawo yamahhala egcekeni.
Kulokhu, akusetshenziswa iziqu eziqoshiwe, kepha izikhwama ezine-substrate equkethe utshani bommbila, ukolweni kanye nemidumba. Le nhlanganisela ifakwa ngamasiko e-mycelium bese ifakwa esitsheni sepulasitiki.
Ibhali elenziwe ngale ndlela lilungele ukufukamela, lesi sikhathi sihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-20 futhi senzeka endaweni enezinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-25 ° C. Lapho nje i-mycelium ingena esikhwameni sonke nge-substrate, susa upulasitiki bese ubeka isikhwama eshalofini endaweni enelanga noma ekhanyisiwe futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa cishe ku-15 ° C.
Amakhowe we-Oyster akhula ngemijikelezo emasakeni e-substrate. Isikhathi sokukhula siphazanyiswa ngendlela engeyiyo ngokwehla kwekamelo lokushisa.
Izindlela ezi-3 zokutshala ama-oyster mushroom - ividiyo
Unambitheka kanjani u-oyster mushroom?
Amakhowe aphekiwe we-oyster anokuthungwa okubushelelezi okufana ne-oyster, futhi abanye abantu bakhuluma ngokunambitheka okuncane kwasolwandle. Ama-gourmets akholelwa ukuthi ama-oyster mushroom anephunga elibucayi le-anise.
Womabili la ma-flavour acashile futhi ngokuvamile awatholakali ngemuva kokungeza amakhowe esifundweni esiyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, ama-oyster mushroom anokunambitheka okuncane ngezwi eliphansi elincane lomhlaba.
Ama-oyster mushroom zokupheka
Intshisekelo ye-gastronomic kumakhowe ingenxa yezici ezimbili. Okokuqala, kungukuhleleka okuhle. Okwesibili, ama-oyster mushroom kulula ukukhula.
Amakhowe we-Oyster alungiswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Amakhowe abhakiwe, anesinkwa ajwayelekile emakhishini amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Njengomthetho, ama-oyster mushroom ajiwe, ahlanganiswe nebhotela, noma athwetshiwe. Ziyanambitheka kakhulu lapho zigcinwa emafutheni.
Ochwepheshe bezokupheka batusa ukulahla umlenze, ngoba awuthambile kakhulu futhi unzima kakhulu. Amakhowe we-Oyster ayahlanzwa futhi asikwe, njengazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe.
Amakhowe oyster othosiwe
Amakhowe we-Oyster alungele ukuphenywa noma ngaphandle kokunye ukudla. Zibuye ziphekwe ngokuphelele ngokungathi zingama-cutlets, ikakhulukazi uma ziyizibonelo ezincane ezithambile.
Amakhowe we-Oyster ngesikhathi sokuthosa
Ngemuva kokubilisa imizuzu embalwa, amakhowe ayadliwa, afakwe ngoyili, ulamula, usawoti kanye nopelepele.
Amakhowe we-oyster agxiliwe
Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokupheka, amakhowe athelwa ngemayonnaise afakwe ngeparsley no-anyanisi oluhlaza oqoshiwe. Ukubilisa amakhowe e-oyster kule recipe, engeza uviniga ngosawoti kanye nopelepele emanzini. Abapheki abangochwepheshe bancoma ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezincane.
Amakhowe we-Oyster emafutheni
Amakhowe we-Oyster, uma efakwa emafutheni noma kuviniga, agcina inyama yawo. Ngenxa yale ndawo, ama-oyster mushroom afanele ukugcwaliswa, amasaladi welayisi nezinye izindlela zokupheka.
Amakhowe ama-oyster omisiwe
Lawa makhowe nawo afanele ukomiswa nokugaywa. Kulokhu, kungakuhle ukwengeza izimpushana zamakhowe ezinamakha kakhulu kunama-oyster mushroom kuleyo nhlanganisela.
Inani lokudla okunomsoco nokwelaphayo kwama-oyster mushroom
Ngama-gramu ayi-100 wamakhowe, kukhona:
- Ama-calories angu-38
- 15-25 g wamaprotheni;
- 6.5 g ama-carbohydrate;
- 2.2 g amafutha;
- 2.8 g fibre;
- 0.56 mg thiamine;
- 0.55 mg riboflavin;
- 12.2 mg niacin;
- 140 mg phosphorus;
- 28 mg calcium;
- 1.7 mg insimbi.
Amakhowe we-Oyster anezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokudla okunomsoco nokwelapha. Njengamakhowe amaningi adliwayo, angumthombo omuhle kakhulu wamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate kanye ne-fiber futhi anamafutha amancane. Ukwakheka kwamaminerali kwamakhowe kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo zama-substrates asetshenzisiwe.
Njengomthetho, ama-oyster mushroom aqukethe amaminerali alandelayo: Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, Na, Zn, Mn noSe. Futhi zingumthombo wamavithamini B1 ne-B2, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine ne-niacin.
Amakhowe we-Oyster athathwa njengokudla okusebenzayo ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuba nomthelela omuhle empilweni yomuntu. Amanye amaphepha esayensi abika ngezindawo zokulwa namagciwane nezokulwa namagciwane ama-oyster mushroom. Ukukhishwa kwabo kwe-methanol kuvimbele ukukhula kwe-Bacillus megaterium, S. aureus, E. coli, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, kanye neKlebsiella pneumoniae.
I-Ubiquitin, iphrotheni elwa namagciwane, nayo iyatholakala emzimbeni wezithelo ze-oyster mushroom. Ikakhulukazi, isikhunta sine-ribonucleases, ecekela phansi izinto zofuzo zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV). Iprotheni lectin, ehlukaniswe nomzimba othelayo we-oyster mushroom, inomphumela ofanayo.
Ama-polysaccharides atholwe ku-oyster mushroom mycelium akhombisa umsebenzi we-antitumor. Odokotela babone ukwehla ngo-76% kwamangqamuzana wesimila lapho i-polysaccharide inikezwa ngokungenalutho kusuka kumhluzi wesiko kuya kumagundane abesifazane aseSwitzerland albino.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukukhishwa kwama-oyster mushroom kukhombisa umsebenzi wokulwa nezinhlobo ezithile zama-sarcomas amaphaphu nomlomo wesibeletho. Kubikwa nokuthi izinga lama-antioxidants emizimbeni yezithelo liphakeme kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa namanye amakhowe athengiswayo.
Amakhowe we-Oyster akhombisa nezakhiwo ze-hypolipidemic kanye ne-antihyperglycemic. IMevinolin yehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhompawundi ikhiqizwa kusuka kumakhowe we-oyster ukuze isetshenziswe emithini elwa nesifo sikashukela. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukungeniswa ngomlomo kokukhishwa okunamanzi kwama-oyster mushroom kumagundane esifo sikashukela kwehlisa amazinga eglucose egazini.
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-oyster mushroom zinamakhemikhali asebenza ngokuphila njengama-glucans, i-vitamin C ne-phenol, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwama-enzyme athile anciphisa i-necrosis yeseli lesibindi. Ukukhishwa kwamakhowe we-Oyster nakho kubikwe ukuthi kwehlisa umfutho wegazi, kunezinto zokuvikela amandla omzimba nokulwa nokuguga.
Amakhowe we-Oyster akhuthaza ukwehla kwesisindo. Amakhowe we-Oyster, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo kwamaprotheni amaningi nokuqukethwe okunamafutha amancane ne-carbohydrate, kusiza ekwehliseni isisindo. Ngakho-ke, uma wehlisa isisindo, qiniseka ukufaka amakhowe oyster ekudleni kwakho.
Oyster mushroom ingozi
Izici ezizuzisayo zama-oyster mushroom azinakuphikwa futhi ziningi. Kepha lawa makhowe angaba yingozi nakubantu.
Uphawu olusobala kakhulu lokuthi umzimba awuwathathi amakhowe ama-oyster ngobuningi ubuhlungu besisu ngemuva kokuba umuntu edle amakhowe nganoma iyiphi indlela, ethosiwe noma ebilisiwe. Azikho ezinye izinkomba ezithile. Ukuntuleka kokuzibamba ekudleni kuwuphawu lokuthi odlayo ukhohliwe ngesono sokuminza, hhayi umphumela omubi wekhowe. Amanani amaningi, ama-oyster mushroom abangela ukuqunjelwa, ukwanda kokwakhiwa kwegesi emathunjini, kuholele kuhudo nakwezinye izifo ze-dyspeptic.
Wonke amakhowe, kufaka phakathi ama-oyster mushroom, athatha isikhathi eside ukugaya emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kuhle emzimbeni ukukhipha izakhamzimba eziningi, kepha kubi esiswini esizwelayo. Amakhowe we-Oyster abangela ubuhlungu esifundeni se-epigastric ezinganeni nasebekhulile.
Amakhowe we-Oyster ayalwa nezinto eziphilayo ezizwelayo. Ngakho-ke, zisetshenziswa ngokuqapha ukungezwani kokudla.
Njenganoma imaphi amanye amakhowe, ama-oyster mushroom adliwa kuphela ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, ngoba i-chitin ekhowe eliluhlaza iyingozi kubantu.
