I-Astrilda (Estrilda) - izinyoni ezincane ngosayizi bomndeni wezintaka (Estrildidae). Uhlobo lwe-Astrilda lumelelwa yizinhlobo eziyishumi nesikhombisa eziyinhloko.
Incazelo nokubukeka
Abaluki be-Finch, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziphi izinhlobo, banomlomo ocishe uguquke, futhi imininingwane yangaphandle ingahluka kakhulu:
- i-marsh astrild (i-Estrilda radiodisola) - inomzimba ubude obungu-10 cm... Lezi zinhlobo zimelwe amafomu ezindawo ayisithupha, ahlukile ngemibala yezimpaphe. Umbala omkhulu wezimpaphe ungwevu, nsundu, obomvu futhi onsundu ngoku nsundu. Umphimbo umhlophe futhi isisu sibomvana;
- i-wavy astrild (i-Estrilda astrild) - inomzimba, eyi-10.5-12.5 cm ubude... Umzimba onsundu ohlangothini olungaphezulu, unamaphiko amnyama nephethini ye-wavy. Isici sezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukuba khona komugqa obomvu eduze kwamehlo;
- i-astrild enebhande eliphuzi noma elimpunga (Estrilda melanotis) - inomzimba, onobude obungu-9-10 cm... Izinhlobo ezihlukile zezindawo zihlukile ngemibala yezimpaphe. Ifomu lokuphakanyiswa linentamo nekhanda elimnyama grey, kanye ne-uppertail ewolintshi nezembozo ezingaphezulu;
- i-red-emaceleni (i-Estrilda thomеnsis) - inomzimba, ongadluli ku-11 cm ubude... Abesilisa banomqhele ompunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emuva, namakhava. Abesifazane bayehluka kwabesilisa ngokungabi bikho okuphelele kwendawo ebomvu ngemuva;
- i-astrilda enomsila obomvu (i-Estrilda cairulesens) - inomzimba, ongadluli u-10.5-11.0 cm ubude... Abesilisa nabesifazane banombala ofanayo. Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda, isifunda sentamo nangemuva, kanye namaphiko, kukhanya ngokumpunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani;
- I-astrilda enamahlathi e-orange (Estrilda melroda) - inomzimba ongafika ku-10 cm ubude... Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo ukutholakala kwendawo ewolintshi maphakathi nesisu;
- grey astrild (Estrilda trоglоdytеs) - inomzimba ubude obungu-9-10 cm... Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wesilisa kunombala ompunga onsundu kanye nemivimbo engacacile eguqukayo, futhi isifuba sinombala obomvana. Abesifazane baphaphatheka ngokwengeziwe futhi bacishe bengenawo umbala opinki;
- Itomu le-astrilda (i-Estrilda rhodoryga) - linomzimba, ongedluli ku-11 cm ubude... Izinhlobo ezihlukile zezindawo zihluka kancane ngemibala yezimpaphe. Ifomu lasenyakatho libhekwa njengeligcwele kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezingathandeki kangako njengezindelakazi ezimpunga, ama-enambrian kanye nama-Arabia, abamnyama abamhlophe nabamhlophe, kanye nobuso obumnyama, umsila omnyama, oboshwe ngomnyama kanye nezihlathi ezimnyama noma i-elf astrild.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Izinhlobo eziningi zisatshalaliswa zisuka e-Angola ziye ezifundeni ezisenyakatho kakhulu zeZambia, kanye nasezindaweni eziphansi zemifula naseningizimu yeNigeria. Kutholakala e-Ethiopia nasempumalanga yeSudan, endaweni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Uganda nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeTanzania.
Bahlala emahlathini otshani obude nomhlanga, atholakala endaweni esogwini lwemifula noma eduze kwamachibi emvelo amile. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha ukuhlala emaphethelweni ezindawo ezingamahlathi, ezindaweni ezinamagquma, futhi ngisho nasezindaweni eziseduze zokuhlala kwabantu.
Indlela yokuphila nokuphila isikhathi eside
Izinkanyezi ziyashintsha, ziyahlangana.... Zihamba kakhulu. Zonke izinhlobo zinomfazi oyedwa, ngakho-ke zihlala ngazimbili, futhi owesilisa uthatha ingxenye eqonde kakhulu ekukhuliseni inzalo, ekwakheni isidleke nasekufukameleni amaqanda.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlobo eziningi asidluli iminyaka emihlanu noma eyisikhombisa ekuthunjweni, kanti i-astrild eluhlaza ekhejini noma e-aviary ingaphila ngaphezu konyaka owodwa.
Ukugcina ukugcwala ekhaya
Ama-Astrildas aziswa kakhulu ngabalimi bezinkukhu hhayi nje ngobuhle bawo nokubukeka okungajwayelekile, kodwa futhi nangokucula kwabo okumnandi, okunomusa.
Izinyoni ezincane ezinjalo zihlukaniswa nobudlelwano bazo nobungane bazo, ziyakwazi ukujwayela abantu ngokushesha futhi zivumelane kahle ngokwanele emakhejini noma kokuqukethwe kwezindiza ekuthunjweni.
Ukuhlelwa kweseli
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo azimili kalula emaqenjini wezinyoni ezihlanganisiwe, kodwa futhi naphakathi kohlobo olulodwa... Ama-granivores amancane kanye nabamele umndeni wamajuba, kufaka phakathi ijuba elinemigqa yedayimane, bazoba inkampani enhle.
Okubalulekile!Ihhoko noma i-aviary kufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu ukuvumela izinyoni ukuba zindize ngokukhululeka futhi zigcine ukusebenza komzimba okudingekayo ukugcina impilo.
I-Astrilda ethanda ukushisa kunzima ukubekezelela okusalungiswa namakhaza, ngakho i-cage noma i-aviary ixazululwa emakamelweni afudumele. Izitshalo eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene zifakiwe ezindizeni, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yizinyoni ukwakha izidleke. Ebusika futhi njengendawo yokukhosela, ungabeka indlu encane ezindizeni.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezinduku zensimbi esibayeni noma ezindizeni akufanele leqe u-10 mm. Iziphakeli ezijwayelekile, abaphuzayo, izitsha zokugeza nezindawo zokulala, kanye nezindlu zezidleke kuyasetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezesekeli ezingeziwe ezifakiwe emakhejini nasezinyoni zezindiza.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Ngesikhathi sokugcina, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukungabi khona kwelanga, kanye nombuso wokushisa ophansi kakhulu egumbini lapho ikheji noma i-aviary itholakala khona, iba yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuphulwa kwe-molting. Kulokhu, izimpaphe zithola ukubukeka okuphelile futhi okungahambi kahle.
Okubalulekile!Akuvunyelwe neze ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izihlanzana eziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ukugeza ikheji noma izesekeli.
Ukwanda komswakama womoya egumbini nakho kunomthelela omubi ngokweqile empilweni yesilwane esinezimpaphe. Izinyoni kumele zigcinwe zihlanzekile. Ukuhlanzwa okujwayelekile kwekheji noma i-aviary kwenziwa kanye ngesonto, futhi abaphakeli nabaphuzayo kufanele bahlanzwe kahle nsuku zonke.
Ungayondla kanjani i-Astrilds
I-Astrildas yizinyoni ezinomdlandla, ngakho-ke ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-canary kungasetshenziselwa ukondleka kwazo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunconywa ukuthi unikeze izinyoni ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni ngezikhathi ezithile, ezimelelwe yizibungu zokudla, ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane ezincane.
Lapho uziqoqela ngokwakho isabelo sokudla, kungakuhle ukuthi uncamele ukolweni ohlumayo, izithelo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nefolishi eligaywe kahle elisuselwa kumabele, izinhlayiya nezinhlayiya ezichotshoziwe zezitshalo zokusanhlamvu ngokufaka inani elincane lamalahle acushiwe noma amalahle kanye namaqanda amaqanda agayiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-Astrildas abonakala ngezinqubo ezisheshayo zokwenziwa komzimba, ngenxa yobungako obuncane benyoni, ngakho-ke umjikelezo wokugaya isilwane esinoboya obunjalo uqhubeka ngesikhathi esifushane.
Izifo nokwelashwa
Izifo ezinyoni ezihlobisa kulula ukuvimbela kunaleso sikhathi ukwelapha isilwane esigula kakhulufuthi. Izifo ezingajwayelekile ezithathelwanayo zibandakanya:
- ukuqhekeka namaqhubu;
- ukulimala kwesikhumba;
- ukunqotshwa yizintwala;
- izilonda ezinezibungu ze-gamasid;
- knemidocoptosis;
- ukuhlulwa yi-helminths;
- coccidiosis;
- isithwathwa noma i-hypothermia;
- ukusha;
- ukukhubazeka kwesifo ngesikhathi sokubekwa kweqanda;
- avitaminosis.
Ingozi enkulu ibangelwa izifo ezinzima ezithathelwanayo, ezimelwe ingxibongo, i-salmonellosis, isifo sofuba, i-aspergillosis, uqweqwe nomkhuhlane wezinyoni. Ngemuva kokuthi inyoni iwele ekuthunjweni, ukugcwaliseka okugcwele kwezidingo zemvelo zokuhamba, ukudla, kanye nokubonakaliswa kokuziphatha okuhlukahlukene kuyaphazamiseka, okubangela izinkinga ezihambisana nokugayeka komzimba.
Okubalulekile!Inkinga yokujwayela izimo zokuthunjwa inzima kakhulu ngokubanjwa, izinyoni esezikhulile.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Izinyoni ezincane ezihlobisayo zisheshe zijwayele ikheji noma i-aviary, kepha ngokungafani nama-budgerigars athandwayo nama-canaries, ziyaxwaya kumnikazi wazo ezimpilweni zabo zonke. Imvelo yenyoni enjalo inokuthula nokuzola, kepha kudangele kakhulu ukuthatha isilwane esinezimpaphe ezandleni zakho noma isifo sohlangothi, ngoba kulokhu inkukhu ingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu.
I-Astrilda ilula ukuyigcina, ayiminzi futhi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kubo. Izinga lansuku zonke lokunikezwa kokudla okusanhlamvu ithisipuni elilodwa nengxenye ngenyoni ngayinye endala. Inyoni ejwayele ukujwayela kahle futhi engashintshi ayimbangeli inkinga umnikazi wayo, futhi izala futhi kalula, ngakho-ke izindleko zalesi silwane esinezimpaphe ezifuywayo ziyabiza impela.
