ILake Ladoga itholakala eRepublic of Karelia naseLeningrad Region of the Russian Federation. Ithathwa njengelinye lamachibi amakhulu kunawo wonke angenasawoti eYurophu. Indawo yayo ingamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyi-18. amakhilomitha. Okuphansi akulingani: endaweni eyodwa ukujula kungaba ngamamitha angama-20, futhi kwenye - amamitha angama-70, kepha umkhawulo ungamamitha angama-230. Imifula engu-35 igelezela kule ndawo enamanzi, kuphuma iNeva kuphela. Indawo yaseLadoga ihlukaniswe ngeNyakatho neNingizimu, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga.
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yamanzi
Ososayensi bathi iLake Ladoga inomsuka we-glacial-tectonic. Esizeni sesitsha sayo cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-300-400 edlule kwakukhona ulwandle. Ukuguqulwa kokukhululeka kuthonywe izinguzunga zeqhwa, okwaholela ekukhuleni komhlaba. Lapho inguzunga yeqhwa iqala ukwehla, kwavela ichibi leqhwa elinamanzi ahlanzekile, kwavela ichibi i-Ancylovo, elalixhumene neLadoga. Izinqubo ezintsha ze-tectonic zenzeka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-8.5 eyedlule, ngenxa yokuthi kwakhiwa i-Karelian Isthmus, futhi ichibi lahlukaniswa. Kule minyaka eyizinkulungwane ezi-2,5 edlule, ukukhululeka akukashintshi.
NgeNkathi Ephakathi eRussia, ichibi lalibizwa nge- "Nevo", naseScandinavia - "Aldoga". Kodwa-ke, igama langempela livela eLadoga (idolobha). Manje hhayi kuphela idolobha elibizwa kanjalo, kodwa umfula kanye nechibi. Kunzima ukucacisa ukuthi iyiphi into ethile eyaqanjwa kuqala ngokuthi yiLadoga.
Izici zesimo sezulu
Esifundeni seLake Ladoga, uhlobo lwesimo sezulu esipholile nolwesikhashana lwakhiwe: kusuka ezwenikazi kuya olwandle. Kuya ngokuhamba komoya nendawo. Inani lemisebe yelanga lincane lapha, ngakho-ke umswakama uhwamuka kancane. Isilinganiso sezinsuku ngonyaka singama-62. Isimo sezulu ikakhulu sinamafu futhi sinamafu. Isikhathi samahora emini ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zonyaka siyehluka kusuka emahoreni ama-5 imizuzu engama-51. kufika emahoreni ayi-18 imizuzu engama-50 Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi noJulayi kukhona "ubusuku obumhlophe" lapho ilanga lishona ngaphansi komkhathi cishe ngo-9o, kuthi kusihlwa kuphenduke kube sekuseni.
Imithombo yamanzi echibini iyona nto eyakha isimo sezulu esifundeni saseLadoga. Indawo yamanzi isiza ukwenza bushelelezi ezinye izinkomba zezulu. Ngakho-ke izindimbane zomoya ezivela kuleli zwekazi, ezidlula ngaphezulu kwechibi, ziba olwandle. Izinga lokushisa elincane lomkhathi lehla lize lifike ku- -8.8 degrees Celsius, bese kuthi phezulu kukhuphuke kube ngu- + 16.3 degrees, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingu- +3.2 degrees. Imvula emaphakathi ngonyaka ingamamilimitha angama-475.
Ingcebo yokuzijabulisa
Ngaphandle kokuthi ngisho nasehlobo amanzi echibini abanda kakhulu, inani elikhulu labantu liza lapha ukuzophumula minyaka yonke, ngakho-ke kunamabhishi izivakashi. Abavakashi abaningi bagibela ama-catamarans nama-kayak.
Kuneziqhingi ezingama-660 echibini, futhi ikakhulu zigxile engxenyeni esenyakatho yedamu. Phakathi kwezinkulu kunazo zonke kuneziqhingi zaseNtshonalanga nezaseValaam, kanti iziqhingi ezinkulu yiRiekkalansari, iValam, iMantsinsaari, iTulolansari, neKilpola. Izigodlo sezakhiwe kwezinye iziqhingi (iKonevei, Valaam), lapho izinsalela zabangcwele zihlala khona futhi kunezingcwele ezingcwele. Kukhona nesikhumbuzo esithi "Umgwaqo Wempilo".
Ensimini yeLadoga basin, iNizhnevirsky Reserve, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane, kufaka phakathi ezingavamile. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezimbali zikhula lapha:
- kudliwe;
- amajikijolo;
- ubulembu obuhlaza;
- i-elm;
- imephu;
- ULinden;
- i-lingonberry;
- amakhowe.
Umhlaba wezinyoni uqukethe ama-gulls kanye namahansi, ama-cranes nama-swans, ama-waders namadada, izikhova nezikhova. Iplankton yalechibi inezinhlobo ezingama-378. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi zitholakala lapha (trout, Ladoga slingshot, blue bream, bream, salmon, syrt, vendace, palii, rudd, roach, perch, catfish, asp, pike, njll.). Kukhona futhi uphawu olunezinsimbi olubhalwe kuRed Book of Animals eRussia.
