Ingubo yoMhlaba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomhlaba wethu, ngoba kulapha lapho iningi lezinto ligxilwe khona. Ikhulu kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye futhi, empeleni, ithatha indawo enkulu - cishe i-80%. Ososayensi banikele ngesikhathi sabo esiningi ekutadisheni le ngxenye ethile yomhlaba.
Isakhiwo
Ososayensi bangaqagela kuphela ngesakhiwo sejazi, ngoba azikho izindlela ezingaphendula ngokungaqondakali lo mbuzo. Kepha izifundo ezenziwayo zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthi le ngxenye yomhlaba wethu iqukethe lezi zingqimba ezilandelayo:
- owokuqala, wangaphandle - uhlala kusuka kumakhilomitha angama-30 kuya kwangama-400 ebusweni bomhlaba;
- indawo yenguquko, etholakala ngemuva kwesendlalelo sangaphandle - ngokusho kokucabanga kososayensi, iya ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angama-250;
- ungqimba ongezansi yinde kakhulu, cishe amakhilomitha angama-2900. Iqala ngemuva nje kwendawo yezinguquko futhi iqonde ngqo enkabeni.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezingubeni zeplanethi kunamadwala anjalo angekho esikhungweni somhlaba.
Ukwakheka
Akunakuphikwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi ingubo yomhlaba wethu iquketheni, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukufika lapho. Ngakho-ke, konke ososayensi abakwazi ukukufunda kwenzeka ngosizo lwemfucumfucu yale ndawo, evela ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kochungechunge lwezifundo, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi le ndawo yoMhlaba imnyama-luhlaza. Ukwakheka okuyinhloko ngamatshe, aqukethe izinto ezilandelayo zamakhemikhali:
- i-silicon;
- i-calcium;
- i-magnesium;
- insimbi;
- umoya-mpilo.
Ngokubukeka, nangezindlela ezithile ngisho nokwakhiwa, kufana kakhulu nama-meteorite amatshe, nawo awela ngezikhathi ezithile emhlabeni wethu.
Izinto ezisembatho uqobo zingamanzi, zibukeka kahle, ngoba izinga lokushisa kule ndawo lidlula izinkulungwane zamadigri. Eduze koqweqwe lomhlaba, izinga lokushisa liyancipha. Ngakho-ke, kukhona umjikelezo othile - lezo zinkumbi esezivele zipholile, zehla, futhi zafudumala zafika kumkhawulo, zikhuphuka, ngakho inqubo "yokuxuba" ayipheli.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, imifudlana enjalo evuthayo iwela koqweqwe lomhlaba, lapho isizwa khona yizintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo.
Izindlela zokutadisha
Akunakuphikwa ukuthi izingqimba ezisekujuleni okukhulu kunzima kakhulu ukuzitadisha, futhi hhayi ngoba kungekho ndlela enjalo. Le nqubo iqhubeka nokuba nzima ukuthi izinga lokushisa licishe likhule njalo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ukuminyana kuyanda. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi ukujula kwesendlalelo kuyinkinga encane kuleli cala.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ososayensi basakwazi ukwenza inqubekela phambili ekutadisheni le nkinga. Ukuze kufundwe le ngxenye yomhlaba wethu, umthombo oyinhloko wolwazi kwakuyizinkomba ze-geophysical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nocwaningo, ososayensi basebenzisa idatha elandelayo:
- ukuzamazama komhlaba kwegagasi;
- amandla adonsela phansi;
- izici nezinkomba zokuqhuba kagesi;
- ukutadishwa kwamatshe angenalutho nezingcezu zengubo, okungajwayelekile, kepha okwenzekayo kutholakala ebusweni bomhlaba.
Ngokuqondene nalokhu okugcina, ngamadayimane afanele ukunakwa ngokukhethekile ososayensi - ngokombono wabo, ngokutadisha ukwakheka nokwakheka kwaleli tshe, ungathola izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ngisho nangezingqimba ezingezansi zengubo.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa amatshe engubo ayatholakala. Ukutadisha kwabo futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uthole imininingwane ebalulekile, kepha ngezinga elithile noma kwelinye, kusazoba nokuhlanekezelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zenzeka koqweqwe, ezihluke kakhulu kulezo ezenzeka ekujuleni kweplanethi yethu.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanele kutshelwe ngenqubo ososayensi abazama ngayo ukuthola amatshe woqobo wengubo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2005, eJapane kwakhiwa umkhumbi okhethekile, okuzothi, ngokusho konjiniyela bephrojekthi uqobo, bazokwazi ukwenza irekhodi elijulile. Okwamanje, umsebenzi usaqhubeka, futhi ukuqala kwephrojekthi kuhlelelwe u-2020 - akukho okuningi okulindelwe.
Manje zonke izifundo zesakhiwo sesembatho zenzeka ngaphakathi kwelabhorethri. Ososayensi sebevele bakutholile ukuthi ungqimba olungaphansi lwale ngxenye yomhlaba, cishe yonke, luqukethe i-silicon.
Ingcindezi kanye lokushisa
Ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwesembatho kuyindida, kanye nombuso wezinga lokushisa, kodwa kuqala izinto kuqala. Isembatho sibeka ngaphezu kwengxenye yesisindo somhlaba, noma ngokunembile, ama-67%. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi koqweqwe lomhlaba, ingcindezi icishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-1.3-1.4, kuyilapho kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezindaweni lapho ulwandle lutholakala khona, izinga lengcindezi lehla kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nombuso wamazinga okushisa, idatha lapha iyindida ngokuphelele futhi isuselwa kuphela ekucatshangweni kwethiyori. Ngakho-ke, ezansi kwengubo, kucatshangelwa izinga lokushisa lika-1500-10,000 degrees Celsius. Ngokuvamile, ososayensi baphakamise ukuthi izinga lokushisa kule ndawo yeplanethi liseduze nendawo yokuncibilika.
