Isinambuzane senduku saziwa nangokuthi yi-ghost ne-leaf arthropod. Kungokwenhlobo yePhasmatodea. Igama livela ku-Greek φάσμα phasma yasendulo, okusho ukuthi "isenzeko" noma "isipoki". Izazi zezilwane zibala izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3000 zezinambuzane ezinamathele.
Zihlala kuphi izinambuzane?
Izinambuzane zitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, iningi kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezindawo ezishisayo. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-300 zezinambuzane ezinamathele zithathe isiqhingi esiqhingini saseBorneo, okwenza kwaba indawo ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni ukutadisha izinambuzane ezinamathele.
Uhla lwezinambuzane ezinamathele lubanzi, zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi nasezintabeni, emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo nasendaweni eshisayo, ezimeni ezomile nezomswakama. Izinambuzane ezinamathelayo zihlala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emadlelweni kuphela.
Zibukeka kanjani izinambuzane ezinamathele
Njenganoma yisiphi isinambuzane, izinambuzane ezinamathele zinomzimba wezingxenye ezintathu (ikhanda, isifuba nesisu), amabhangqa amathathu emilenze ehlanganisiwe, amehlo ahlanganisiwe kanye nezimpondo ezimbili. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamaphiko futhi ziyandiza, kanti ezinye zikhawulelwe ekuhambeni.
Izinambuzane zingamasentimitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwangama-60 ubude; abesilisa ngokuvamile baba bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ezinye izinhlobo zinemizimba efana nezinduku, kanti ezinye ziyisicaba, zimile okweqabunga.
Ukuvumelanisa izinambuzane ezinamathele emvelweni
Izinambuzane ezinamathelayo zilingisa umbala wendawo ezungezile, ziluhlaza okotshani noma nsundu, yize kutholakala izinambuzane ezimnyama, ezimpunga, noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ezinye izinhlobo, njengeCarausius morosus, zize zishintshe nombala wazo ngokuya ngemvelo yazo, njengonwabu.
Izinhlobo eziningi zenza ukunyakaza okunyakazayo, izidumbu zezinambuzane ziyahamba zisuka ngapha nangapha, njengamaqabunga noma amagatsha omoya.
Lapho ukufihla kunganele, izinambuzane zisebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuzivikela ukulwa nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-Eurycantha calcarata lukhipha into enephunga elibi. Kwezinye izinhlobo, izimpiko ezinemibala egqamile azibonakali lapho zigoqiwe. Lapho izinambuzane ezinamathele zizizwa zisongelwa, zivula amaphiko azo, bese ziwela phansi ziphinde zifihle amaphiko azo.
Izinambuzane ezinamathelayo izidalwa zasebusuku ezichitha usuku lonke zinganyakazi, zicashe ngaphansi kwezitshalo. Leli qhinga liyabasiza ukuthi bagweme ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Yiziphi izinambuzane ezinamathelayo ezidla emvelweni
Ziyizilwane ezidla imifino, okusho ukuthi ukudla kwalezinambuzane akudli imifino kuphela. Izinambuzane ezinamathele zidla amaqabunga nezitshalo eziluhlaza. Abanye babo benza ngokukhethekile futhi badla imifino kuphela abayithandayo. Abanye bangama-generalists.
Yini ewusizo
Izinduku ezinamathelayo zezinambuzane ziqukethe okokutshala okushisiwe okuba ukudla kwezinye izinambuzane.
Zizala kanjani izinambuzane ezinamathele
Izinambuzane ezinamathelayo zizala kabusha nge-partogenesis. Ekukhiqizweni kwe-asexual, abesifazane abangagcwalisiwe bakhiqiza amaqanda okusukela kuwo abesifazane. Uma owesilisa evundisa iqanda, kunamathuba angama-50/50 okuthi owesilisa aqhamuke. Uma kungekho abesilisa, abesifazane kuphela abaqhubeka nohlobo.
Owesifazane oyedwa ubeka amaqanda aphakathi kuka-100 no-1200, kuya ngohlobo lwawo. Amaqanda afana nenhlamvu ngesimo nangosayizi futhi anamagobolondo aqinile. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuye kwezingu-18.
