I-Chimpanzee (i-Pan) iyinkawu enkulu, uhlobo lwezinkawu. Kuhunyushwe kusuka kolunye lwezilimi zezizwe zase-Afrika, kusho ukuthi "njengendoda." Ukufana nabantu kunqunyelwe hhayi kuphela ngezimpawu zangaphandle, izici zokuziphatha, kepha futhi nezakhi zofuzo: i-DNA yethu iqondana ne-90%. Ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi izindlela zokuziphendukela kwemvelo phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zahluka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyisithupha kuphela edlule.
Incazelo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili nezinhlobo ezintathu zezinkawu:
1. ejwayelekile:
- ubuso obumnyama (obunamabala);
- entshonalanga (ngesifihla-buso esimnyama esinomnsalo);
- i-shveinfurtovsky (enobuso obunemibala yenyama);
2. isigaxa noma ama-bonobos.
Ukukhula kwenyoni evamile ngokwesilinganiso kungu-1.5 m kuphela kwabesilisa no-1.3 m kwabesifazane, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ziqine kakhulu, izicubu zazo zikhule kahle. Isikhumba sinombala opinki, futhi ijazi limbi futhi limnyama, licishe libe nsundu.
Ubuncane - abufushane kakhulu kunomfowabo ojwayelekile, kepha ngenxa yemisipha engalandelwanga kangako nokubukeka okuncane, kubonakala kukuncane futhi kuzacile. Ubuso bakhe bunesikhumba esimnyama, nezindebe zakhe zinkulu futhi zibanzi. Ikhanda limbozwe yizinwele ezinde ezimnyama ezehla zisuka esihlokweni ziye ezihlathini ngohlobo lokushiswa eceleni.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zinogebhezi olunamagquma wamabunzi abonakalisiwe, ikhala eligobhoza ngamakhala avelayo, nomhlathi obukhali ogcwele amazinyo acijile. Yize izingebhezi zawo zihlaba umxhwele, ubuchopho obukuyo buphatha ingxenyana nje yevolumu isiyonke. Izithupha, njengasebantwini, zibekelwa eceleni - lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukuthi sikhuphuke ezihlahleni futhi sisebenzise amathuluzi akudala ukuthola ukudla.
Umzimba wonke wezinkawu umbozwe izinwele ezimnyama, ingxenye kuphela yesifonyo, izintende zezinyawo nezinyawo zihlala zingenaboya. Izingane kanye nentsha nayo inebala elincane elinempandla emhlane wazo endaweni ye-coccyx. Ngokusho kwayo, abantu abadala banquma iminyaka yobudala yezihlobo, futhi uma ulayini wezinwele ohlehlayo ungakhuli, bahlukanisa umfowabo njengamawundlu futhi, ngokufanele, bamphathe ngesisa nokunakekela okukhulu.
Kanye nabantu, lezi zinkawu zinamaqembu egazi, i-plasma yezinye izinhlobo zazo ingafakwa kubantu. Izimfene nazo zingahlukaniswa ngamaphethini asezingxenyeni zeminwe: ukuphrinta ngakunye kuhlukile njalo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Amaphara ayizakhamuzi zase-Afrika Ephakathi neseNtshonalanga. Isimo esikhulu ukuba khona kwamahlathi ashisayo anezimila ezanele nesimo sezulu esifanele. Imfene ejwayelekile manje isiyatholakala eCameroon, eGuinea, eCongo, eMali, eNigeria, e-Uganda, eRwanda, eBurundi, eTanzania. Indawo yokuhlala emincane ngamahlathi phakathi kwemifula iCongo neLualab.
Sonke isikhathi abasichitha emiqhele yezihlahla, begxuma ngobuciko besuka egatsheni baye egatsheni, behlela phansi ngokungavamile kakhulu, imvamisa baye emgodini wokuchelela. Zakha izidleke zazo emagatsheni - izingqimba ezibanzi zamahlumela namaqabunga.
Indlela Yokuphila
Njengabantu, izimfene zidinga inkampani ukuze ziphile ngokunethezeka nangokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, bahlala njalo ngamaqembu, lapho izimpungushe ezifanayo ziholwa ngabesilisa kuphela, naku-bonobos ngabesifazane kuphela. Iqembu ngokuvamile liqukethe abantu abangu-25-30.
Umholi wesilisa uhlala njalo emele umphakathi futhi enamandla kunabo bonke, ukuze agcine amandla ezinqeni zakhe, ukhetha iqembu elithile labangane - abafana nabo abanamandla, kepha abayiziphukuphuku abakulungele ukuvikela impilo yakhe eyigugu. Bonke abanye ubulili obuqinile, obungaba yingozi ekubuseni kwakhe, uqhutshwa ngumholi ebangeni eliphephile futhi agcinwe ngokwesaba okungapheli, ngemuva kokufa noma ukugula kwakhe, isikhundla somdala siphethwe ngumncintiswano olinganayo.
Abesifazane nabo banobukhosi babo. Izintokazi ezinolaka nezithuthukile ngokomzimba ziphethe ababuthakathaka, zizilawule futhi zingazivumeli zisondele kwabobulili obuhlukile, zihlala zithola ukudla okwengeziwe nabalingani bokukhwelana. Izimfene zesifazane zibhekwa njengezihlakaniphe ngokwengeziwe futhi zishesha, kulula ukuziqeqesha, zingakhombisa imizwa eyisisekelo kumawundlu abanye abantu nezihlobo ezibuthakathaka.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Izimfene zingakhwelana futhi zizale inzalo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka; izimo ezithile, ngaphandle kwesifiso, azidingeki kulokhu. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-7.5. Imvamisa, kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa kuphela, ezimweni ezingavamile kungahle kube nokuzalwa okuningi.
Izingane zibuthakathaka futhi azinakuzisiza zisanda kuzalwa, ngakho-ke zidinga ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa komama njalo. Kuze kube bayasukuma, omama bayazithwala. Intsha ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kuphela lapho ineminyaka eyishumi, ngaphambi kwalokho inamathela ngokuqinile kubazali bayo, noma ngabe inezingane ezincane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izimfene zibhekwa njengezinyamazane ezithanda ukudla zonke izilwane. Ukudla kwabo kufaka kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Badinga ukudla kaningi futhi ngobuningi, ngoba baphila impilo yokuhamba kakhulu futhi basebenzisa amandla amaningi ukwenza lokhu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi bahlale benakekela ukutholakala kwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, kuyabasiza ukuthi baphile ngezikhathi zemvula yasekwindla noma isomiso.
Imfene idla ama-apula
Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zinkawu zidla izithelo namajikijolo, izimpande namaqabunga ezihlahla. Njengoba izimfene zingawesabi amanzi futhi zingabhukudi ezihamba phambili, zibamba ngobuciko izinhlanzi ezinama-mollusk nezilwane ezincane zemifula emanzini. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla izilwane ezincane nezinambuzane.
Kunezimo lapho, ngokungabikho kokunye ukudla, lezi zinkawu zazidla uhlobo lwazo, ngisho nabantu besizwe sakubo.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Izimfene zisebenzisa amaqabunga ezitshalo njengezambulela ezimvuleni, njenge fan uma kushisa kakhulu, futhi njengephepha lasendlini yangasese.
- AmaBonobos ngaphakathi kweqembu lawo awalokothi axazulule izingxabano ngenkani, ngoba lokhu anenye indlela ephumelelayo - ukukhwelana.
- Izimfene ziyazi ukumamatheka nokwakha ubuso, zithambekele ekushintsheni kwemizwelo, zingadabukisa, zibe nolaka noma zizikhohlise.
