Izimfudu ... Lezi zidalwa zazihlala eMhlabeni nasezilwandle eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili edlule. Basinda kuma-dinosaurs. Kepha impucuko nesimo sengqondo sabazingeli senyama exotic ngeke sisinde. Ucwaningo olunzulu ngesimo sefudu lomhlaba wonke sikhombisa ukuthi ukuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kunezinselele nemiphumela efinyelela kude kwezemvelo.
Izimfudu zinikela empilweni yezindawo eziningi:
- izingwadule;
- amaxhaphozi;
- izindawo eziphila emanzini angenasawoti nezasolwandle.
Ukwehla kwesibalo sezimfudu kuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi kwezinye izinhlobo, kubandakanya nabantu. Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-356 zofudu emhlabeni, cishe zingama-61% esezinyamalele. Izimfudu ziye zaba isisulu sokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuzingela, izifo kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
E-Asia Ephakathi
Azikho izimfudu ezinkulu kakhulu zase-Asia Ephakathi ezithandwa ngabathandi bezilwane zasendle. Ngokwesilinganiso, lapho zikhula, zifinyelela ku-10-25 cm ubude.Lezi zimfudu ziyi-dimorphic, ngakho-ke, kulula ukwahlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane. Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo banemisila emide, uzipho nezinsikazi ezincanyana. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izimfudu zase-Asia Ephakathi zingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40!
Ixhaphozi
Ufudu lwasemarshini lubonakala kalula ngegobolondo lalo elinsundu ngokumnyama, elifushane, intamo ewu-tubercular kanye nezidladla ezinezinzwane ezi-5 ezinezinzipho ezinamazipho. Lawa angama-carnivores, adla ama-invertebrate amancane, ama-tadpoles namaxoxo. Bahlala emaxhaphozini. Lapho amanzi esha, alala emigodini enhlabathini noma ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile ajulile, lapho eba yizisulu zamagundane, amakati nezimpungushe.
Indlovu
Izimfudu zezindlovu zaseGalapagos zihlala ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu nezomile kakhulu ezwenikazi. Bakhetha ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo nokufudumala okungaguquguquki. Lapho kushisa ngendlela engabekezeleleki, apholisa umzimba ngaphansi komhlaba. Izimfudu zezindlovu zimba imigodi nemingxuma. Ukuhlukumeza okungokwemvelo kwamanye amalungu ezinhlobo zawo kuyanda ngesikhathi sokuzala. Abesilisa bayahlaselwa futhi bazame ukuvula isitha.
EMpumalanga Ekude
Ama-amphibians angajwayelekile - Izimfudu zaseMpumalanga Ekude zibhekwa njengesibiliboco ezindaweni zokudlela ezihlonishwayo eChina. Yizona kuphela izilwane ezichama ngomlomo wazo nange-cloaca. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi leli khono eliyingqayizivele lisize izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila emaxhaphozini, lapho amanzi anosawoti omncane khona. Awaphuzi amanzi abilayo. Izimfudu zaseMpumalanga Ekude zigeza umlomo wazo ngamanzi futhi ngalesi sikhathi zithola umoya-mpilo kuwo.
Okuluhlaza okotshani
Izimfudu eziluhlaza ziphakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Ubude bomzimba wabo busuka kumamitha angama-80 kuye kwayi-1.5 kanti isisindo sabo sifinyelela kuma-200 kg. I-carapace engenhla, ebushelelezi emise okwenhliziyo ingaba mpunga, iluhlaza, ibe nsundu noma ibe mnyama. Ngezansi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-plastron, kunombala ophuzi ngokumhlophe. Izimfudu zithiwa ithoni yazo eluhlaza okotshani. Izimfudu ezincane eziluhlaza zithanda ukudla okunomhlwenga. Izimfudu ezindala zikhetha utshani basolwandle nolwelwe.
I-Loggerhead
Izimfudu ezinamakhanda amakhulu zithola igama lazo emakhanda azo amakhulu, afana nogodo olukhulu. Zinegobolondo elikhulu, elibomvu ngokubomvu, eliqinile, i-underbelly ephuzi ephaphathekile (i-plastron), namaphiko amane anezinzipho ezimbili (kwesinye isikhathi zibe zintathu) kulawunye. Izimfudu zeLoggerhead zihlala olwandle ngaphandle kwezilwandle eziseduze nezigxobo. Zivame ukubonakala oLwandle iMedithera, ugu lwase-United States.
UBissa
IByssa ayifani nezinye izimfudu: ukuma komzimba kuthambile, igobolondo lokuvikela kanye nemilenze-amaphiko okuhamba olwandle oluvulekile. Izici ezihlukile zofudu ziyingqimba ecijile, ebukhali, egobile ekhaleni nangasemaphethelweni egobolondo. UBissa uhlala olwandle oluvulekile, amachibi angajulile kanye nezixhobo zamakhorali. Lapho, udla ukudla kwezilwane, ukhetha i-anemone ne-jellyfish.
I-Atlantic ridley
I-Atlantic Ridley ingenye yezimfudu zasolwandle ezincane kunazo zonke. Abantu abadala abanesilinganiso sobude begobolondo obungu-65 cm besisindo esisuka ku-35 kuye ku-50 kg. Zinezinzipho ezimbili onqenqemeni ngalunye. Lolu hlobo luthanda izindawo ezingajulile ezinaphansi kwesihlabathi noma esinodaka. Ikhanda lingunxantathu ngokuma ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo. I-carapace imfishane futhi ibanzi, iluhlaza okomnqumo, cishe iyindilinga. I-Plastron iphuzi, inama-pores amancane eduze kwemikhawulo engemuva kwesinye seziqubu ezine ze-inframarginal.
Inhloko enkulu
Ufudu lwaseChina olunamakhanda amakhulu lukhula lube ngamasentimitha angama-20 ubude. Ukhakhayi lwethambo oluqinile lukhulu kakhulu maqondana nomzimba kangangokuthi ufudu alubuyisi ikhanda lalo ukuze livikeleke. Ingaphezulu lekhanda limbozwe ngesihlangu. Isifunda sesikhashana sogebhezi asichazwa kahle. Isigaba se-post-orbital sehlukanisa amathambo e-parietal kanye ne-squamous. Ulwelwesi olumboze umhlathi ongaphezulu lucishe lufinyelele emaphethelweni esihlangu se-dorsal.
Isi-Malay
Ufudu oludla iminenke iMalay lukhula luze lube ngamasentimitha angama-22. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala emachibini anamanzi angenawo usawoti aphansi, imisele, imifudlana, amaxhaphozi nezinsimu zerayisi emanzini afudumele angajulile. Lapho ufudu luchitha isikhathi luyofuna ukudla. Igama lesiThai lalezi zinhlobo lisho insimu yelayisi futhi likhombisa uthando lofudu ngale ndawo. I-carapace inombala onsundu ngokugqamile iburgundy enezinhlamvu ezimnyama ezimnyama, irimu ephuzi kanye nama-keel amathathu angaqhubeki.
Uzipho ezimbili
Igama lofudu lihlotshaniswa nomzimba wayo omkhulu namakhala, kufana nephunga lengulube. Izimfudu zinegobolondo elithambile, elinesikhumba, elinamathambo. Ukhilimu wePlastron. I-carapace inombala onsundu noma ompunga ngokumnyama. Izimfudu eziphethwe izingulube zinemihlathi eqinile nemisila emifushane. Usayizi uncike endaweni yokuhlala. Izimfudu zasolwandle ezinemigqa emibili zikhulu kunezimfudu zomfula. Abesifazane banomlomo omude, abesilisa banomsila omude futhi ojiyile. Izimfudu ezindala ezibhekene nezingulube zingafika ku-0.5 m ubude, zinesisindo esingama-20 kg.
UCayman
Izimfudu ezinesibindi nezinolaka ezinemilenze zinemihlathi emikhulu, ebukhali. Ngaphandle, i-amphibian eyingozi ihlala emifuleni egeleza kancane futhi enodaka, imifudlana, amachibi kanye namaxhaphozi. Abantu abadala kakhulu bayizidlakela, imizimba yabo igcwele kakhulu ngama-fat deposits, izingxenye ezinenyama ziphuma ngaphesheya konqenqemeni lwegobolondo futhi ziphazamisa ukuhamba kwezitho. Isirhubuluzi sicishe singabi namandla lapho sikhishwa emanzini.
Intaba
Izimfudu zamaLeaf (mountain) zithola igama lazo ekubukekeni kwazo okukhethekile. Igobolondo lifana neqabunga elincane. I-Plastron inombala ophuzi ophuzi, onsundu ngokumnyama futhi onsundu ngokumnyama. Ama-keel amathathu (ama-ridges) ehla eduze kwegobolondo lofudu, elinye eliphakathi lifana maphakathi neqabunga. Isici esaziwayo sezinhlobo ngamehlo amakhulu, abesilisa banama-irises amhlophe. Abesifazane bane-iris ekhanyayo ensundu. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngomsila omkhulu, i-plastron ye-concave, futhi banegobolondo elide.
IMedithera
Ufudu lwaseMedithera lwathola igama lalo emaphethini egobolondo afana nomfanekiso wendabuko waseMedithera onamachashazi anemibala ehlukahlukene nemingcele. Izimfudu zitholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene: ophuzi omnyama, omnyama, osagolide nonsundu. Izimfudu azikhuli zibe ngosayizi abakhulu, zinenhloko eyisicaba, igobolondo elibusayo, amehlo amakhulu nezikali ezinkulu emaphikweni azo, uzipho oluqinile.
IBalkan
Izimfudu zaseBalkan zikhetha indawo ecashile, ehlane phansi notshani njengesiphephelo. "Izindawo ezifudumele" ezigcotshwe yilanga emhlabathini oketshezi kahle, ocebile nge-calcium yindawo yakudala yama-amphibian. Izimfudu zaseBalkan nazo zihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini namahlathi aseMedithera. Kwesinye isikhathi izimfudu ziyaphola emfuleni ongajulile futhi ziyasebenza ngesikhathi semvula noma ngemuva kwayo.
Ukunwebeka
Ngogobolondo lwalo oluyisicaba, uplastron othambile, nomkhuba wokubaleka kunokuba ucashe, ufudu olubekezelayo lubhekwa njengenye ehluke kakhulu. Isici sayo esihlukile igobolondo lalo eliyicaba kodwa lihle. Kunezindawo ezinkulu eziguquguqukayo noma ezithambile ku-plastron, lapho ama-scutes ahlangana khona ngama-fontanelles amakhulu noma izikhala eziyingxenye phakathi kwamapuleti amathambo. Ziyizimfudu ezincane, ezingaba ngu-15 cm ubude. Azinesisindo esingeqile ku-0.5 kg.
I-Jagged Kinyx
Olunye lwezimfudu ezingajwayelekile ngaphandle, i-kynix ene-jagged inezindlela ezithile ezinamaki ansundu naphuzi egobolondweni nasekhanda. Imboza ngemuva kwe-carapace, ivikela imilenze yangemuva nomsila ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Abantu abadala abankulu kakhulu futhi bafinyelela ku-15-30 cm ubude. Ama-Amphibians ahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasemifudlaneni yase-Afrika. Ungazizwa kahle ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, khetha izimo ezinamanzi amancane.
Ihlathi
Igobolondo elihlanganisiwe lofudu lwasehlathini nezitho zalo lihlotshiswe ngamabala aphuzi noma awolintshi. I-plastron engaphansi ngaphansi kofudu inombala ophuzi ngokugqamile, ngombala omnyama emaphethelweni ama-scutes. Igobolondo eliphezulu elinsundu elinamathoni aphuzi noma awolintshi litholakala maphakathi ne-scutellum ngayinye. Izikali ezinesikhumba esincanyana - ezigqamile ngombala kusuka ophuzi kuye kowolintshi - zimboza ikhanda bese ziya emhlathini ongenhla.
Isiphetho
Kudingeka isenzo esiphuthumayo. Izinhlelo zokongiwa komhlaba wonke zigxile ekuvikeleni izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, kepha ukunakwa okuncane kunikezwa izimfudu. Ngakho-ke, kusemandleni awo wonke umuntu ukusiza izimfudu ezivela eNcwadini Ebomvu ukuze zisinde.
Lezi zincomo ezincane zizosiza izimfudu zebhuku elibomvu zikhuphule inani labantu bazo:
- Ungalahli imfucuza nezinto lapho izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihamba khona. Ufudu luzobambeka futhi lufe ngenxa yokuxinwa.
- Hlanza ogwini kanye nezinye izindawo zokuhlala izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini kusuka kupulasitiki nakudoti oshiywe ngabantu abangathembekile.
- Gcina izidleke zezimfudu. Uma wazi izindawo lapho izilwane ezihuquzelayo zibekela khona amaqanda azo, ungayi lapho nabangani nezingane ohambweni.
- Ungasebenzisi amalambu akhanyayo. Iphazamisa izimfudu zezingane futhi ivimbela abesifazane ukuba baye olwandle bebeka amaqanda abo.
