I-Hares (uhlobo lwe-Lepus) yizilwane ezincelisayo, ezibalelwa ezinhlotsheni ezingaba ngu-30, zingabomndeni ofanayo onogwaja (i-Leporidae). Umehluko ukuthi amahares anezindlebe ezinde nemilenze yangemuva. Umsila mfushane uma kuqhathaniswa, kodwa mkhulu kancane kunonogwaja. Abantu bavame ukusebenzisa kabi igama elithi unogwaja nonogwaja ezinhlotsheni ezithile. Ama-pikas, onogwaja kanye nezidlwane zenza iqembu lezilwane ezinjengonogwaja.
Hares yizona lagomorphs ngobukhulu. Ngokuya ngohlobo, umzimba ungaba ngamasentimitha angama-40-70 ubude, imilenze ifike ku-15 cm nezindlebe kuze kufike ku-20 cm, okubonakala sengathi kunciphisa ukushisa komzimba okweqile. Imvamisa iba nsundu ngokusobala ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo, izingulube ezihlala eNyakatho, ezincibilikiswe ebusika futhi "zigqoke" uboya obumhlophe. Enyakatho Ekude, hares zihlala zimhlophe unyaka wonke.
Imijikelezo yokuzala yamahares
Enye yamaphethini wemvelo aphawuleka kakhulu aziwa izazi zezilwane umjikelezo wokuzalela hares. Abantu bafinyelela phezulu njalo eminyakeni eyi-8 kuya ku-11, bese behla kakhulu ngamaphuzu ayi-100. Kukholakala ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye zinesibopho saleli phethini. Abantu baseHunter bahlangana nabantu abathintekayo, kepha ngesibalo sesikhathi sonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili. Njengoba inani lezilwane ezidla ezinye lenyuka, inani lamahares liyancipha, kodwa ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lokuzingela, inani lezilwane ezidlayo nalo liyancipha.
Ngokushesha nje lapho inani lezidleke selilulama, inani lezilwane ezidla ezinye liyanda futhi umjikelezo uyaphinda. Ngoba ama-hares cishe adla kakhulu, alimaza izimila zemvelo noma izitshalo lapho inani labantu liphezulu. Njengonogwaja, amahare ahlinzeka abantu ngokudla nangoboya, ayingxenye yokuzingela, futhi muva nje, isiko elidumile.
Izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zezimbaba emhlabeni
Unogwaja waseYurophu (Lepus europaeus)
Izindala zabantu abadala zicishe zilingane nekati elifuywayo, alikho izinga elilinganayo losayizi nombala woboya. Zinezindlebe ezinde ezihlukile nemilenze emikhulu yangemuva eyakha unyawo lukanogwaja eqhweni. Ama-hares ahlala eNgilandi mancane kunabantu bamazwekazi aseYurophu. Izinsikazi zinkulu futhi zinzima kunezeduna. Umphezulu wejazi uvame ukuba nsundu, ube nsundu noma ube nsundu ngokumpunga, isisu nangaphansi komsila kumhlophe qwa, kanti izeluleko zezindlebe nenhla yomsila zimnyama. Umbala uyashintsha kusuka konsundu ehlobo ube mpunga ebusika. Intshebe ende ezindebeni zamakhala, isifonyo, izihlathi nangaphezulu kwamehlo iyabonakala.
Izinsalela zezinhlwathi (Lepus alleni)
Usayizi kuyinto ehlukile, kuyizinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezidlwane. Izindlebe ziphakeme, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-162 mm ubude, futhi azinaboya ngaphandle koboya obumhlophe emaphethelweni nasezincwadini. Izingxenye zomzimba ezisemaceleni (izitho, amathanga, i-croup) zinombala ompunga ngamathiphu amnyama ezinweleni. Ebusweni besisu (isilevu, umphimbo, isisu, ingaphakathi lezitho nomsila), izinwele ziyimpunga. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba iphuzi / nsundu ngokuqubuka okuncane okumnyama.
Izinyoni ze-Antelope zinezindlela eziningi zokulwa nokushisa. Uboya buyakhombisa kakhulu futhi buvikela isikhumba, esiqeda ukwakheka kokushisa emvelweni. Uma kubanda, izinsalela zezinyamazane zinciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuye ezindlebeni zazo ezinkulu, okunciphisa ukudluliswa kokushisa.
I-Tolai hare (Lepus tolai)
Ayikho indinganiso eyodwa yombala yalezi zinsalela, futhi umthunzi uncike endaweni yokuhlala. Umzimba ophezulu uba buthuzi ophuzi, onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma ompunga onesihlabathi ngemivimbo esinsundu noma ebomvu. Indawo yethanga iyi-ocher noma impunga. Ikhanda linoboya obumpunga noma obuphuzi obuzungezile ngamehlo, kanti lo mthunzi udlulela phambili ekhaleni bese ubuyela emuva esisekelweni sezindlebe ezinde, ezinomphetho omnyama. I-torso engezansi nezinhlangothi zimhlophe qwa. Umsila unomugqa obanzi omnyama noma onsundu omnyama ngaphezulu.
IHare Ephuzi (Lepus flavigularis)
Ijazi lalawa mahhashi limahhadlahhadla, futhi imilenze ikhuphukele kahle. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba umbala ocher ocebile ohlanganiswe nomnyama, ngemuva kwentamo kuhlotshiswe ngomugqa ophakanyisiwe, eceleni kwayo kunemigqa emibili emincane emincane ebuyela emuva kusuka phansi kwendlebe ngayinye. Izindlebe zinemibala egqogqene, nezeluleko ezimhlophe, umphimbo uphuzi, kanti umzimba ongezansi nezinhlangothi kumhlophe. Izinyawo nangemuva kumhlophe ngokuphaphathekile kuye kokumpunga, umsila mpunga ngezansi nomnyama ngenhla. Ngentwasahlobo, uboya bubukeka buthuntu, umzimba ongaphezulu uba phuzi ngokwengeziwe, futhi imivimbo emnyama entanyeni ibonakala kuphela njengamabala amnyama ngemuva kwezindlebe.
Umshanelo Mvundla (Lepus castroviejoi)
Uboya beHare yaseSpain buyingxube yombala onsundu nomnyama onomhlophe omncane kakhulu emzimbeni ongenhla. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba imhlophe yonke. Phezulu komsila kumnyama futhi ngezansi komsila kufana nomzimba omhlophe. Izindlebe zimpunga ngokunsundu futhi imvamisa zinamathiphu amnyama.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamahares
I-SubgenusI-Poecilolagus
Imvundla yaseMelika
I-Subgenus I-Lepus
Unogwaja wase-Arctic
Umvundla
I-SubgenusI-Proeulagus
Umvundla onomsila omnyama
Unogwaja omhlophe
Cape hare
Bush unogwaja
I-SubgenusI-Eulagos
Unogwaja waseCorsican
Unogwaja wase-Iberia
IsiManchu hare
Unogwaja osontekile
Unogwaja omhlophe onomsila
I-SubgenusI-Indolagus
Unogwaja onentamo emnyama
Unogwaja waseBurma
I-subgenus engachazwanga
Unogwaja waseJapan
Lapho kuhlala khona abamele izinhlobo zama-lagomorphs
Amahares kanye nonogwaja batholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kusuka emahlathini aminyene kuya ekuvulekeni kwezingwadule. Kepha kuma-hares, indawo yokuhlala yehlukile endaweni yokuhlala onogwaja.
IHares ikakhulukazi ihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile lapho isivinini kuyindlela enhle yokubalekela izidalwa. Ngakho-ke, bahlala e-arctic tundra, ezimfundeni noma ezingwadule. Kulezi zindawo ezivulekile, zicasha ezihlahleni naphakathi kwamatshe, uboya bazifihle njengemvelo. Kepha ama-hares ezindaweni ezineqhwa futhi ngokwentaba intaba namaManchu hares athanda amahlathi e-coniferous noma axubekile.
Hlangana nonogwaja emahlathini nasezindaweni ezinezihlahlana, lapho bacasha khona ezimileni noma emigodini. Abanye onogwaja bahlala emahlathini emvula aminyene, kanti abanye bacasha phakathi kwezihlahla zemifula.
Izinqanda kanjani zizisindisa ezilwaneni eziyingozi
Izinsalela zibalekela izidalwa futhi zidida abazingeli ngokubuyela emuva. Onogwaja beqa emigodini. Ngakho-ke, ama-hares ahamba amabanga amade futhi anezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kanti onogwaja bahlala besondelene nezindawo zokukhosela eziphephile ezindaweni ezincane. Onke ama-lagomorphs asebenzisa imisindo yokuhlupheka noma ashaye phansi ngemilenze yangemuva ukuxwayisa ngomzingeli.
Izindlebe zinzima ukuzwa, kepha ukumaka iphunga kungenye yezindlela zokuxhumana. Zinezindlala zephunga emakhaleni, esilevini, naseduze kwendunu.
Ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokudla
Zonke izimbila ezinogwaja kanye nonogwaja kuyizidalwa ezidla imfuyo. Ukudla kufaka izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo, amakhambi, i-clover, izitshalo ezibethelelayo neziyinkimbinkimbi. Ebusika, lokhu kudla kufaka amahlumela owomile, amahlumela, amagxolo ezihlahla ezincane, izimpande nembewu. Ezindaweni ze-steppe, ukudla kwasebusika kuqukethe ukhula olomile nembewu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-hares ajabulela izitshalo ezitshaliwe ezinjengezinhlamvu zasebusika, rapeseed, iklabishi, iparsley nama-clove. Amahares nonogwaja balimaza okusanhlamvu, amaklabishi, izihlahla zezithelo namasimu, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Hares kuyaqabukela bephuza, bathatha umswakama ezitshalweni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi badla iqhwa ebusika.
Izici zokuzala
Ama-Lagomorphs ahlala ngaphandle kwamabili. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bayalwa bodwa, bakhe isigaba sabantu bezenhlalo ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela kwabesifazane abangena emjikelezweni we-estrous. Ama-hares azala ngokushesha, kukhiqizwa udoti omkhulu othile njalo ngonyaka. Onogwaja bazalwa bembozwe ngokuphelele izinwele, ngamehlo avulekile futhi bagxume kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa bezelwe. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, omama bondla amawundlu kanye kuphela ngosuku ngobisi olunomsoco. Usayizi kadoti wezinsalela nonogwaja kuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu.
