Incazelo nezici
Lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko ziyizihlobo zama-canaries, ama-finches nama-siskins, okungukuthi, lezo zezinyoni ezimele umndeni wezintaka, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingamalungu azo. Kepha nokho, basondelene kakhulu nama-crossbill nama-bullfinches kangangoba babizwa nangokuthi uhlobo lwezinguquko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili.
Usayizi wezinyoni ze-Schur ingafinyelela ku-22 cm, nesisindo sifike ku-60 g. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumalungu omndeni wabo, kufanele babhekwe njengabakhulu kunabo bonke. Izidalwa ezinjalo ezinamaphiko zibukeka zijabulisa kakhulu, ziheha kakhulu ngombala wezimpaphe zazo eziwugqinsi. Abesifazane bahlukaniswa ngomthunzi ophuzi nsundu nobo-grey-black.
Izinsizwa ezisencane zinombala wophaphe ofanayo, ngokufakwa kwamathoni we-pinkish angempela. Kepha okukhanga kakhulu abesilisa abavuthiwe, isifuba, emuva nekhanda okubomvu klebhu, kuyilapho benomsila namaphiko ansundu ansundu, kanye nesisu esimpunga. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngeminyaka, umbala wesilisa uya ngokubomvu ngokubomvu.
Ngokukhanya kwazo, nangenxa yokuthi izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukwakha isidleke eFinland, zaqanjwa igama elithi "amapholi aseFinland", naphakathi kwabantu banikezwa igama lesidlaliso "amaqhude aseFinland". Kepha ukunemba, izimpaphe izinyoni ziyaganga ikakhulu umbala ompunga ngombala. Futhi kungamathiphu abo kuphela okubomvu klebhu nokubomvu. Yibo abadala ukukhanya okubonakalayo.
Lezi zakhiwo ezinamaphiko ziminyene. Isici esihlukile sokubukeka kwabo yiside, imfoloko ekugcineni, umsila oqondile; amaphiko, amakwe imigqa emibili emhlophe egijima ngaphesheya, noqhwaku olujiyile, olufushane lwalugobile lubheke phansi.
Izwi le-Schur birdkanye nokubukeka, kubuye kube mnandi: i-sonorous, inkanuko, yinhle. Imisindo eyenziwe yizinyoni ezichazwe kungaba ama-trill nje emisindo, kwesinye isikhathi abukeka njengokukhala kwe- "puyu-lia"; kwesinye isikhathi ukushaya ikhwela kuzwakala njenge- "fu-view"; ngesikhathi sombukiso - lezi yizibabazo ezethusayo ze- "re-re-re".
Lalela isigqi sokucula
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lwe-shura luhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, abameleli babo abanazo izici ezihlukile ezihlukile komunye nomunye. Lokhu kusebenza futhi emaphethini wokuziphatha nombala wezimpaphe. Konke ukwehluka kwabo ubukhulu ubukhulu kanye nasendaweni yabo yokuhlala.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa okulandelayo.
- I-Schur ejwayelekile. Ububanzi bezinyoni ezinjalo buhlanganisa izindawo ezisenyakatho, kodwa hhayi ezibandayo kakhulu zamazwekazi amabili, i-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika. Ebalazweni, imele imivimbo emincane ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu, kepha yinde ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga, isakazeka endaweni yamazwekazi amathathu: iYurophu, i-Asia neMelika. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswe cishe eziyishumi nanye, ezifanayo komunye nomunye, ama-subspecies. Zihluke kuphela endaweni yokwakha izidleke nezindawo zobusika.
- Schur rhododendra. Abamele lolu hlobo yizakhamuzi zaseNepal, eBhutan, eBurma, eTibet naseChina. Zincane ngosayizi wezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini futhi azivamile ukukhula ngobude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-20. Isikhathi esiningi izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala ezihlahleni ze-rhododendron. Leli qiniso kwakuyisizathu segama labo.
I-Shchurov ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo zendawo yokuhlala. Isibonelo, izimbobo zezinyosi ezingaphansi kwe-subarctic ne-taiga ziyaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpaphe zakamuva zidume kakhulu ngezindawo zokuvikela ukushisa. Uma uyibuka kahle, akukho ukuphikisana lapha. Yize izimbobo zezinyosi ezingaphansi kwe-arctic zihlala enyakatho, zivame ukuya ezindaweni ezifudumele ebusika.
Ngenkathi izilwane ezingama-taiga zivame ukuhlala ebusika emazweni abo abukhali endabuko, yingakho zidinga ukufakwa okuhle kakhulu kokushisa. Ososayensi bafinyelela eziphethweni ezifanayo ngokutadisha izinyoni zomndeni we-finch e-Alaska.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abadla izinyosi bavame ukudideka nokudla kwezinyosi. Kepha lezi yizinyoni ezihluke ngokuphelele, zingabomndeni ohlukile wabantu abadla izinyosi, futhi bahlala kude kakhulu eningizimu. Futhi isizathu sokudideka ukufana kuphela kwamagama.
Ngakho-ke amalungu akhonjisiwe ombuso onezimpaphe nalawo achazwe yithi schur. Igolide umuntu odla izinyosi, ngokwesibonelo, omele umndeni odla izinyosi, mkhulu ngosayizi futhi ufinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-28. Iphinde ibe nombala ogqamile, kodwa ingafani neze nengubo yalowo odla izinyosi.
Isilevu esikhanyayo esikhanyayo sigqamile phakathi kwezingubo zophaphe, yingakho le nyoni yathola isidlaliso "segolide". Futhi, lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zibizwa nangokuthi ezidla izinyosi, ngoba zidla izinyosi.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Schurs emzileni ophakathi avela kuphela ekwindla nasebusika, lapho, abalekela isimo sezulu esibandayo, asuka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho aye eningizimu. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, zingabonakala emapaki, ezingadini nasensimini yeziza zasekhaya ezizimele. Lapho badla amajikijolo ase-rowan asalondoloziwe, kodwa afriziwe, abawakhetha kunanoma yikuphi okunye ukuphathwa.
Indawo eyintandokazi yezinyoni ezinjalo ehlobo amahlathi asenyakatho e-coniferous. Lezi zidalwa zinamandla okuba nezimpande ngisho nasezindaweni ezingezinhle, ezibandayo, ukube nje bekukhona uhlobo oluthile lohlaza olukhona.
Ngezikhathi ezifudumele, zithanda izindawo zasendle ezingahlali bantu. Kepha eduze kwendawo yokuhlala yomuntu bangavela kuphela ekufuneni ukudla, nokuntuleka kwakho. Futhi njengoba zingavamile ukubonakala emehlweni, bambalwa abantu abake bezwa ngezidalwa ezinjalo ezinezimpaphe, futhi babhekwa njengezingajwayelekile.
Inyoni yakwaSchur iyaphila ikakhulukazi emiqhele yemithi emikhulu, futhi lapho, ekuphakameni, uzizwa ekhululekile. Lapho, izinyoni ezinjalo zihamba kalula, zenza ama-pirouettes acishe abe yi-acrobatic futhi zithathe ukuma okuyinqaba emagatsheni.
Kepha emhlabeni kuvele kube nzima kakhulu, ngoba lokhu akuyona into yabo. Kepha bayawathanda amanzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, balwela ukuhlala kude nosayizi obalulekile, imizimba yamanzi amasha, ngoba bayathanda ukubhukuda. Ama-birdies anjalo awahlali endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside.
Kwenye indawo bangavela ngokuzumayo baphinde banyamalale ngokuphazima kweso, yingakho baziwa njengezinyoni ezizulazulayo. Futhi yize bengavamile ukusondela ezindaweni ezihlala abantu, empeleni abesabi abantu, njengezinye izilwane. Lezi zidalwa azinamahloni nakancane, kepha kunalokho - zethemba ngokweqile.
AmaSchurs, njengoba sekushiwo, angaba yizifuduko, kepha imvamisa awajahi ukuhambisa noma aze angayi ngisho nasohambo lwasebusika emazweni afudumele nhlobo. Lapha, konke akuxhomekile nakukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu, kepha kunala kokudla endaweni ethile ngonyaka othile.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-shchurov ihlaliswe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yaseRussia, khona-ke kusukela enhlonhlweni yaseKola nasezindaweni eziseduze naseMurmansk baqala ukuhlangana ngaseningizimu ngo-Okthoba, bathuthele maduzane ezindaweni eziphansi zeVolga nakwezinye izifunda eziseduze kwesimo sezulu. Futhi bashiya isifunda saseLeningrad ngoNovemba, kwesinye isikhathi noma kamuva. Futhi kaningi babuyela ezindaweni zabo zokwakha izidleke ngoMashi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Schur kudla amajikijolo, iziqhumane zezitshalo, imbewu ehlukahlukene yotshani nama-conifers, kokunye kubamba izinambuzane, ngaleyo ndlela kunezele ekudleni kwayo. Kepha umthombo wokudla wezinyoni ezinjalo izihlahla, yingakho ukutholakala kwamahlathi endaweni ethile kuba yisimo esiyinhloko sokusinda kwazo ngempumelelo.
Izinyoni ezinjalo kwesinye isikhathi zibonakala zixakile, zinikeze isithombe sokungagijimi nokukhuluphala, kepha ngenkathi bezitholela ukudla banamakhono kakhulu futhi bakhombisa izimangaliso zobukhazikhazi. Ukuze kufinyelelwe izithelo ezifiselekayo, amahlumela noma amahlumela, ecindezela emagatsheni ezihlahla, imvamisa kufanele abaleke, athathe ukuma okungahambi kahle, alule kuze kufike lapho ukukhula kwawo kuvumela khona, ngobuciko bamba amafindo okusindisa endleleni yawo ngomlomo wawo.
Kodwa emva kokuba sezisuthi, izinyoni ezikhohliseka kalula ziyaqhwa zinganaki kunoma isiphi isikhundla, ziphumule, ngokunganaki kwazo ngaphandle kokucabanga nokuphepha kwazo. Ngakho-ke isikhathi sabo siyedlula kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho baphinde balamba. Futhi-ke baphinde basuka, kwesinye isikhathi bebodwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngamaqembu amancane, beyofuna ukudla, babuye baphenduke kumaqhuqhuva abona okufushane baba ama-dodger.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Baqala ukucabanga ngokuqhubeka kohlobo ngo-May. Futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho bezikhethela umlingani abazalela amaphuphu. Ekwakhiweni kwezidleke nokuhlelwa kwekhaya lomndeni izinyoni zezinsikazi ziyaqubuka abavumeli abanumzane babo, benza konke ngokwabo.
Kulesi sigaba, abesilisa bajabulisa izindlebe zabo kuphela ngezingoma zabo ezingenabugovu, ze-euphonic, bekhipha izingoma ezimnandi. Ngempela, la makhonsathi anikezwa abesilisa kuphela. Futhi abangane babo abasebenza kanzima abadumile ngamakhono anjalo.
Ukufukamela kwamaqanda, okuvame ukuba khona amaqanda afinyelela kwayisihlanu ku-clutch, kwenziwa nangomama-shurs. Kepha obaba banakekela abakhethiweyo babo, baqaphe ukuthula kwabo futhi bangabavumeli babulawe yindlala. Amaqanda alezi zinyoni ayathandeka ngombala, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ahlotshiswe ngamachashazi.
Ngemuva kokufukamela amasonto amabili, ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, imibhangqwana eshadile iqala ukuyondla. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka amanye amasonto amathathu, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhula okuncane kuzimele.
Futhi abazali babo kwezinye izimo basakwazi ukukhiqiza i-clutch yesibili futhi bakhulise amaphuphu amasha ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Endle, izinyoni ezinjalo aziphili iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12. Schur esithombeni kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukucabanga kangcono ukuvela kwalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Sekuvele kushiwo ukuthi izinyoni esizichazayo zihola impilo yabazulazuli, kuyaqabukela zihlala endaweni eyodwa. Kepha lapha kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lona igama elithi "schur" elihunyushwe lisuselwa olimini lwabantu basenyakatho lisho ukuthi "vagrant". Lokho wukuthi, isici esishiwo salezi zinyoni saba yisizathu segama lazo.
- Yize umlotha wasentabeni uyisibiliboco esiyintandokazi kuma-Schur ebusika, bona, behleli phezulu emagatsheni, basalwela ukudla kuphela imbewu yezithelo ezishiwo. Futhi amajikijolo akhukhumale ngokwawo alala ngobuningi ngemuva kokudla kwabo eqhweni ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Futhi noma bewisa okuthile okumnandi, izimbobo zepike azivamile ukwehla ziyothatha umuthi, noma ngabe balambile, ngoba bazizwa bengakhululekile emhlabeni.
- Uqhwaku olukhethekile lusiza izinyoni ezinjalo ukusika izithelo futhi zithole imbewu kuzo. Ivuvukile futhi iminyene, futhi imiphetho yayo icijile.
- Isisekelo sokudla kukaShure ukudla kwesitshalo. Kepha sesivele sazi ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo nazo zidla izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, nazo zidla izicabucabu ngenjabulo. Kepha ezikhathini lapho kuba kubi kakhulu ngokufunzwa, bayakwazi ukushintshela ezinhlotsheni ezingavamile kakhulu zokudla kwabo. Ikakhulukazi, ngezikhathi zendlala, i-vole yatholakala esiswini senye yalezi zinyoni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesidumbu.
- Ukucula inyoni schur iyajabula kangangokuba ifana nemisindo yomtshingo. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi, uma unikezwa amathoni amnandi emibala yalezi zinyoni, ukuthi kunabaningi abafuna ukuzigcina ekhaya ukuze zithokozise iso futhi zijabulise ngamaphimbo azo.
- Lezi zidalwa, noma zisendle, azibesabi abantu, futhi kangangoba zivumela abantu abangabazi ukuthi bazidonsele ndawonye. Futhi-ke, impilo ekuthunjweni ayibasindi ikakhulukazi, bayazijwayela izimo ezinjalo.
- Kuyiqiniso, kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala ngesikhathi sokuphila ekhejini, izimpaphe zabo ziyaphela. Futhi izinyoni azibi zinhle kangako, ngaphezu kwalokho, azizali ekhaya. Ukubuyisela umbala wezimpaphe zazo, izilwane ezifuywayo zinikezwa izithako ezikhethekile zamaminerali.
- Futhi ukuze uthole inzalo, izinyoni ezimbalwa kufanele zifakwe ezindizeni ezibanzi futhi ngobuningi zinikeze izivakashi zayo izinto zokwakha isidleke: phansi, utshani obomile, amahlumela. Zizizwa ngathi zasendle, izinyoni nazo zingabajabulisa abanikazi bazo ngenqwaba yamachwane.
- Izilwane ezinjalo ezifuywayo zigcinwa emakhejini avulekile, lapho, ngaphezu kwesitsha sokuphuza, kufanele zifake ibhafu yokugeza. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-pisces ayayithanda le nqubo.
- Ngaphezu kwembewu namajikijolo, ungondla i-pike-perch ekhaya ngamantongomane anoma yiluphi uhlobo: amantongomane ephayini, ama-walnuts, amakinati, ama-hazelnut, kanye nezithelo nemifino.
