Incazelo nezici
Lezi zidalwa ezincane zikwazile ukubonwa ngabantu kangangoba zathola amagama amaningi neziteketiso. Ngendlela, hhayi konke okuhambisana nezici zabo. Ake siqale isicabucabu solpuga, yize ingeyesigaba sama-arachnids ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, akusiyona neze eyokulandelana kwezicabucabu, kodwa ihlelwe ngokwayo nge "solpugi".
Okungukuthi, akusona isicabucabu, njengoba kunjalo, kodwa kuphela isihlobo sayo esiseduze, esifana ncamashi nesakhiwo somzimba. I-Salpugi nayo ine-shaggy eyisishiyagalombili, ngaphezu kwalokho, embozwe izinwele ezibonakala kakhulu, izidladla. Yize ekuboneni kokuqala kubonakala sengathi kunabaningi abayishumi. Iqiniso ngukuthi izitho zangaphambili zalezi zidalwa akuyona imilenze impela. Lawa amatende abizwa ngokuthi ama-pedipalps.
Badlala indima yabo hhayi ekuqothulweni kuphela, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke kukhona ukuthintwa. Yonke imilenze eyisishiyagalombili inezinzipho eziqinile, futhi ibuye inikezwe izinkomishi zokudonsa eziphakathi kwazo, ezivumela abanikazi bazo ukuthi bakhuphuke kalula phezulu hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezimangelengele, kodwa nasezindaweni ezibushelelezi.
Njengezicabucabu, umzimba wethu wezidalwa wakhiwe ngezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko, embozwe ngamabristles nezinwele. Owokuqala yi-cephalothorax ehlukanisiwe, evikelwe ngokuphelele ngegobolondo le-chitinous. Ekhanda le-solpug, ama-humps amabili abonakala kahle. Mhlawumbe kwaba yibo ababa isizathu selinye igama lalesi sidalwa semvelo: isicabucabu sekamela.
Phambi kwezilwane ezinjalo, ukubonakala kwazo kungabonakala ngokucophelela esithombeni solpugi, kunezitho eziningi ezibalulekile. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kuzo kunwebeka, kuqinile, kubomvu nsundu, kuphindwe emihlathini, njengawo wonke ama-arachnids, abizwa ngokuthi i-chelicera.
Izakhiwo ezinjenge-Crescent, izifunda ezingenhla nezingezansi zemihlathi yomibili zibanjwa ndawonye ngamajoyinti futhi zinikezwe amazinyo. Lokhu kuyizinguquko ezibalulekile ekuvikeleni nasekuhlaseleni. Kukhona futhi namehlo amane ku-cephalothorax ngaphambili nhlangothi zombili.
Zihlelwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, njengofezela, esinye isihlobo esiseduze se-saltpug. Izitho ezinjalo zombono azikwazi ukubona ukukhanya kuphela, kepha futhi zisabela ngejubane lombani ekuhambeni kwezinto ezahlukahlukene, okunika lezo zinto eziphilayo izinzuzo ezinkulu ekuzingeleni nasekuvikelweni ezitheni.
Ingemuva lomzimba yisisu esikhulu, esinjengokuphotha, esixhunywe ngaphambili ngohlobo "lwesinqe" esincanyana. Yakhiwe ngezigaba eziyishumi, ihlukaniswe yimifantu ecacile enqamulelayo efana nemigqa ye-phalanx.
Futhi lokhu kwaveza elinye igama lalezi zidalwa. "I-Phalanx" igama elisetshenziswa njalo, yize libhekwa njengelingalungile ngokuphelele. Uvele asenze sibhidanise ubuhle bethu nezinye izihlobo ezivela esigabeni sama-arachnids, ama-phalanxes noma, ngenye indlela, abenzi botshani.
Qaphela futhi ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izidalwa ezisondelene nabo, ama-solpugs, ngakolunye uhlangothi, awakudala, njengoba kufakazelwa ukwakheka kwezitho zomzimba nomzimba. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, athuthuke kakhulu, ngoba anohlelo lokuthunga olunamandla kakhulu olunezindilinga ezibhangqene ezelulela ngaphandle. Lezi zitho zokuphefumula zenezelwa yisakhiwo semithambo esinamagatsha esifaka wonke umzimba wama-arachnids ethu.
Umbala wezidalwa ezinjalo ungaba nsundu, uphuzi, ube mhlophe, ezimweni ezingavamile i-motley. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Izingwadule zinombala onesihlabathi, kanti izindawo ezishisayo ezinezimila ezicebile ziphilile.
Izinhlobo
"Ukuzifihla elangeni" - yile ndlela igama eliyisisekelo lalesi sidalwa elihunyushwa ngayo lisuka esiLatin. Futhi kusukela kulo mbono, igama elithi “usawotiNakulokhu futhi akubonisi iqiniso, okungukuthi, imikhuba yezidalwa ezinjalo. Vele, zikhona izinhlobo zazo ezanele ezikhetha ubusuku nemini futhi zizame ukweqa emisebeni yelanga ziye emthunzini.
Kepha kunezinhlobo ze-thermophilic, ngalo lusuku oluyisikhathi esiyinhloko somsebenzi. Futhi isitatimende saleli qiniso singenye yamagama esiNgisi wezinto eziphilayo ezichaziwe, esihunyushwa ngokuthi "isicabucabu selanga".
Le nhlangano ibanzi kakhulu. Umndeni owodwa kuphela, uhlanganisa izingcezu eziyi-13. Zihlukaniswe izizukulwane eziyi-140 eziqukethe izinhlobo ezingaba yinkulungwane. Sekuyisikhathi sokujwayelana nabanye babamele ama-bihorks (leli elinye igama, yize lingavamisile ukusetshenziswa).
1. Isigaxa sikasawoti esivamile isatshalaliswa kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia, e-Ukraine, eKazakhstan, kanye nasemazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lezi yizidalwa zasebusuku, eziphephela emini ezindaweni zemvelo zasemhlabeni nangaphansi kwamatshe, kanye nasemigodini eyemba ngomsebenzi wayo noma eshiywe ngamagundane.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-arachnids anjengobude bomlenze angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-5. Isizinda esiyinhloko sombala wabo yisanti, engxenyeni engenhla kumnyama kancane kunaphansi. Izinzipho zabo ze-chelicerae zinamandla impela.
Futhi yize ukubamba kuqinile kangangokuba kungamelana nesisindo sezilwane ezinjalo, izengezo zomlomo ezinjalo azikwazi ukuluma ngesikhumba somuntu. Futhi ukulunywa kwemihlathi enjalo, ngenxa yokushoda kwezindlala ezinobuthi kubanikazi, ikakhulukazi akunabungozi. Kuyingozi, kodwa kuphela kwezinye izicabucabu nawofezela, kanye nezinye izilwane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo.
2. IBihorka Transcaspian itholakala e-Asia Ephakathi. Inkudlwana kunabamele izinhlobo zangaphambilini futhi icishe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-7. Ingxenye engaphambili yalezi zidalwa ibomvu, ingemuva limpunga. Okuphezulu kuphawulwa ngemivimbo emifushane nebanzi emnyama eguqukayo, kwesinye isikhathi iba umugqa oqhubekayo we-longitudinal odlula maphakathi nomhlane.
3. I-smoky bihorka imele iqembu elikhulu kakhulu, elitholakala ezifundeni ezishisayo eziseduze nathi, ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseTurkmenistan. Ingxenye engaphambili yalezi zidalwa iphuzi ngokujulile, ingxenye engemuva iyabhema, imakwe ngomugqa onsundu ngokumpunga ububanzi phakathi. Ubukhulu balezi zinhlobonhlobo buhluka kakhulu.
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezincane, kepha kubhalwe izinhlobo ezinkulu ezilinganisa cishe amasentimitha angama-20. Asikwazi ukufunda zonke izinhlobo ze-arachnid ezivela kulo myalelo ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho-ke, kuphela kubo kubhekwa okutholakala kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu.
Kepha kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kuphela ezinhlotsheni zase-Afrika, ososayensi bathole futhi bachaza cishe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amaningana. Izilwane ezinjalo azivamile emazweni ezwekazi lase-Asia naseMelika. EYurophu usawaltpuga uyaphila ikakhulukazi ezifundeni eziseningizimu: iGrisi, iPortugal, iSpain, i-Asia Ephakathi, iRussia eseningizimu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi yizilwane ezinesibindi, ezishesha futhi ezishesha, ezikwazi ukuzihlasela ngesibindi nangokuzivikela ngobuciko. Isikhali sabo esikhulu ngamazipho e-chelicera. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, ama-solpugs azowabamba ndawonye nezixhumi zawo zomlomo, lapho kutholakala khona umsindo ofana nokubhoboza okubhobozayo. I-pungency yalokhu kulungiswa kwemvelo iyamangalisa.
Izakhamizi zaseNingizimu Afrika zitshela izinganekwane ukuthi izidalwa ezinjalo kuthiwa zinamandla okusika izinwele zomuntu nezinwele zezilwane nge-chelicera yazo. Futhi bamboza izindlu zabo ezingaphansi komhlaba ngezindebe ezifanayo. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho abangane bethu bathola khona isidlaliso sokugunda izinwele noma sokugunda izinwele. Kepha ubuqiniso balezi zindaba kunzima ukukuqinisekisa.
Noma kunjalo usawoti omkhuluabahlala kulezo zindawo ezishisayo, abakwazi nje ukulimaza isikhumba somuntu nezinzipho zokuluma, kodwa futhi kungalimaza amathambo ezinyoni entekenteke. Yize izidalwa ezinjalo zingenakubeka ingozi ebulalayo kubantu nganoma yisiphi isimo.
Kepha ama-bihorks ayakwazi ukweqa imitha elilodwa ukuphakama. Futhi zigijima ngejubane elikhulu ngosayizi wazo, okufana nokuhamba komgibeli webhayisikili noma ngejubane lomoya. Ngenxa yethalente elinjalo, bazitholele isihloko sakhe esisodwa - "ofezela bomoya." Izindawo zokuhlala kwabo zihlala ziyizindawo eziwugwadule, kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo. Futhi kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezitholakala emahlathini.
Iningi lama-solpugs yizilwane zasebusuku, ezicashe ezindaweni zokukhosela ngaphansi komhlaba emini. Yimigodi yokufakelwa nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuqapha, lezi zilwane zikhetha ukushintsha izindawo zazo zokuhlala kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, cishe ababesabi abantu. Yingakho kulula kakhulu kumuntu osendaweni lapho ama-arachnid anjalo egxile khona. Imvamisa bona ngokwabo bavakashela izindawo zokuhlala abantu. Futhi uma othile ezwa ukwesaba ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke izakhamuzi zabo, nezivakashi ezingamenyiwe, kunalokho, zizizwa njengabantu ababungazayo.
Kepha noma ngabe ama-solpugs engakuboni kunesidingo ukuthi avele ngaphandle kwesizathu, kwanele ukubasa umlilo endaweni evulekile ebumnyameni bobusuku, futhi ezimbalwa zezidalwa ezinjalo zizofika zigijimela ekukhanyeni okufisayo, okubonakala kude.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lezi zidalwa, izidalwa ezisebenzayo kanye nabazingeli abanekhono, zinenye into ephawulekayo, okuthi ngasizathu simbe ingaziwa noma ihlanganiswe ngegama noma isiteketiso. Ziminzile ngokungenangqondo, kuyilapho zingakhethi ngokweqile ekudleni. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwehaba, bakulungele ukushwabadela konke abakwaziyo ukukuncela.
Esikhathini esiningi baba yizisulu zezinto ezingenamsebenzi: umuhlwa, izintethe, izinyosi, izintwala zokhuni, amabhungane namanye ama-arachnid. Kusuka ekuzingeleni okukhulu, bayakwazi ukungena emaphuphu nasezibankwa ezinkulu, uma kunjalo, abazingeli ngokwabo banamapharamitha afanele, okungajwayelekile.
Ekulweni okukodwa nofezela, iningi lethu liyanqoba. I-chelicera efanayo edumile isiza ukubamba ngokuqinile ukubamba, bese uhlaba inyamazane. Kazi yini umuzwa wokusutha usawoti-phalanx angikwazi ukuzwa nhlobo.
Futhi lokhu kufakazelwa izivivinyo zesayensi. Phakathi nomunye wabo, isampula yokuhlola evela kuma-arachnids esichazile yafakwa. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezinhle nezibiliboco nalo lafakwa lapho.
Isiminzi esimpofu, ngokusobala sicabanga ukuthi sinenhlanhla emangalisayo, sayiphonsa esidlekeni sayo ngobumnandi, singazi ukuthi kungekudala sizoba isisulu sokuhaha kwayo. USolpuga wadla waze waqhuma ngokoqobo. Kepha noma ekhefuzele okokugcina, waqhubeka nedili lakhe, engakhathazeki ngemiphumela.
Izicabucabu zamakamela ziba izisulu zokuhaha kwazo hhayi kuphela ezimweni zokufakelwa, kepha nasendle. Futhi lokhu kufakazelwa ngamacala amaningi athakazelisayo. Isibonelo, abamele ezinye zezinhlobo ezihlala eCalifornia bathanda ukwenza izikhala zasebusuku zibe yizinyosi zezinyosi, bagibela kuzo ngeminyango emincane.
Ukuzingela kuyaphumelela ekuqaleni. Futhi kungekudala phansi kwendlu yezinyosi kumbozwe izinsalela zezakhamizi zayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho kufika isikhathi sokugeza, abahlaseli ebusuku bayabona ukuthi abakwazi ukwenza lokhu, ngoba, ngokudla ngokweqile, ababuyeli emnyango.
Ama-salpugs kufanele ahlale esidlekeni kuze kuse. Ekuseni, izinyosi ezithukuthele, sezitholile iziphithiphithi ezinesisindo, ziqala ukuziluma ngokungenaluzwela, ngokushesha zilume zife.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Solpugs akulungele ukuthola okwanele ngohlobo lwawo. Futhi-ke, ngaphandle kokudelela nhlobo, owesifazane wama-arachnids anjalo ushwabadela umlingani wakhe, ngemuva kokufeza umsebenzi wakhe wesilisa wemvelo, futhi nesidingo somphakathi wakhe sizonyamalala.
Inqubo yokukhwelana uqobo yayo imi kanje. Ukuzwa ngephunga lakhe iphunga elimnandi lama-pheromone afihlwe "ubuhle", alungele ukukhulelwa, umnumzane okwakuthiwa useduze uqala ngokushesha ukukhipha uketshezi oluyisidoda sesidoda.
Futhi-ke, ngemihlathi yakhe edumile emise okomgexo, uyidlulisela kumlingani wakhe ekuvulekeni kwezitho zobulili. Ngalezo zikhathi, izintokazi ziba namandla kakhulu futhi zingene zigcine seziwela ngaphansi kokubusa kwabesilisa. Lesi sakamuva, ngaphandle kokuphikiswa okubonakalayo okuvela kolunye uhlangothi, siyakwazi ukubadonsela ezindaweni ezilula futhi sibanikeze ukuma okuhle.
Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho inqubo eyaziwayo iphela, "onobuhle abalele" ababuyile ezingqondweni zabo bavuka ngokungazelelwe bahlasela abantu abangenacala ngolaka olunamandla. Kepha abesilisa nabo abalula kangako. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokukhwelana, bafuna ukuphunyuka ngobuhlakani babo endaweni yesehlakalo "sobugebengu". Futhi-ke akwenzeki njalo ukuthi izintokazi eziminzayo zidle ngomuzwa wokufeza okuthile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlingani ovundisiwe ukhipha umgodi ongaphansi komhlaba bese ebeka ibhande kulokhu kucindezeleka, aqhubeke nokunakekela. Futhi ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga noma ngaphezulu, ama-arachnids amancane avela emaqandeni, ukukhula kwawo okuqala emzimbeni kamama.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ziguquka zisuka kokunganyakazi, ezingakhekile nezingenaboya zibe amakhophi amancane abazali bazo. Futhi njengoba zisindile ku-molt yokuqala, izingane ziqondisa imilenze yazo, zithole ukuvikeleka ngohlobo lokuqina okuqinile futhi zigcwale izinwele.
Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kwenziwa ngama-saltpugs amahlandla amaningi ngesizini ngayinye. Inani lenzalo etholwe kowesifazane oyedwa ngesikhathi esinikeziwe lingahluka, kepha empeleni likwazi ukufika kubantu abasha abangamakhulu amabili. Ukuthi lezi zidalwa zihlala isikhathi esingakanani akwaziwa yisayensi.
Kepha kucatshangwa ukuthi ngaphezu konyaka owodwa. Uma kufika izikhathi ezibandayo, ama-beehorks acasha emigodini bese elala kuze kufike isizini elandelayo. Kepha into engalindelekile kakhulu ukuthi bangangena phakathi kwezithombe ezimisiwe ehlobo. Izizathu zalesi simo esixakile azikacaciswa.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Iminyaka yenzeka lapho inani lama-solpugs lenyuka kakhulu kangangokuba lihlasela izindlu zabantu ngokoqobo, likhase lapho lithanda khona. Futhi lokhu akwenzeki emazweni ashisayo kuphela, kodwa nasezindaweni zaseRussia. Ngokuyinhloko, ehlobo eledlule esifundeni saseVolgograd, hhayi izidalwa ezinoboya obukeka buhle kakhulu, ezibizwa ngokuthi ofezela bomoya kulezo zindawo, zabethusa ngokuphelele izakhamuzi ezindala zepulazi laseShebalino ngale ndlela.
IColimea solpuga iyakwazi ukonakalisa bonke abanye abavakashi abaya emvelweni kulezo zingxenye. Kukhona izehlakalo ezaziwayo lapho izidalwa ezingesabi zikhasa futhi zihlala phansi ukuze zizotha ngqo kubaholidi abahleli ngasemlilweni. Labo ababanjwe kulesi simo bavame ukwelulekwa ukuba behlise umoya.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuziphatha ngochuku, ukumemeza nokuqhweba izandla kuyindlela engasebenzi yokuqeda le nkinga. Lezi zidalwa ziyashesha, ziyashesha futhi ziyagxuma. Vele, bazogijimela ekuhlaseleni okuphindiselayo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuwachoboza enhlabathini evulekile, ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe entweni eqinile.
Kepha umuntu akufanele alindele imiphumela emikhulu ekuhlaselweni kwabo futhi. Abakwazi ukuluma ngendwangu ewugqinsi, kepha uma bengena ngaphansi kwezingubo noma etendeni, befika ebusweni, khona-ke bangadala inkinga enkulu.
Ukulunywa nguSolpugi ayibuhlungu kakhulu futhi inobuthi. Kepha ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi lezi zidalwa ezingasuthiseki zingcolile kakhulu, izinhlayiya ezincane zokubola kokudla okunamathelayo ngesikhathi sokuzingelwa kanye nokudla okuningi ziyakwazi ukwethula emanxebeni enziwe imihlathi yazo.
Imfucumfucu enjalo ebolayo ingadala ukuvuvukala ngisho nobuthi begazi. Futhi-ke, indawo yomonakalo kufanele iphathwe nge-peroxide, iodine noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukufaka ibhandishi elihlanzekile eliswakazwe ngento ethile yokubulala amagciwane. Kuhle ukufaka i-antibiotic encane ngaphakathi kwayo enxebeni, bese umboza ngokucophelela yonke into ngosimende. Kuze kube yilapho umonakalo wokulunywa uvaliwe ngokuphelele, kungcono ukushintsha ukugqoka njalo.
