I-hedgehog ekhulisiwe - isilwane esidla izinambuzane esihlala ezingwadule, emasimini, emaqeleni. Lezi zinhlobo zingezomndeni ofanayo nama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile, kepha ngesakhiwo somzimba nemikhuba zihluke kancane kuma-hedgehogs ajwayelekile. Ama-hedgehogs akhulisiwe, ngokungafani nabanye abamele lo mndeni, anezindlebe ezinde, eziqonde phambili. Kukhona nezindawo eziphuzi kuzinaliti zama-hedgehogs anele. Ubungako bama-hedgehogs anelengeziwe bancane kunokujwayelekile, futhi bagijima ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Eged hedhohog
IHemiechinus auritus eared hedgehog iyisilwane esincelisayo esiku-oda lezinambuzane, umndeni we-hedgehog. Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuhlobo lo - ihedgehog enamalebe. Umndeni we-hedgehog ungomunye wemindeni endala emhlabeni. Abamele bokuqala balo mndeni bahlala emhlabeni wethu cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-58 edlule. Imivubukulo ye-hedgehog etholakala eNyakatho Melika ineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-52 ubudala. Usayizi womzimba wokhokho be-hedgehog wawungamasentimitha ama-5 kuphela. Ama-hedgehogs asendulo ayefana nabamele banamuhla balo mndeni, kepha ahluke kakhulu ekwakhekeni komzimba.
Ividiyo: I-hedgehog ekhuphukile
UHemiechinus auritus wachazwa okokuqala ngumhambi waseJalimane nososayensi wemvelo uSamuel Georg Gottlieb Gmelin ngo-1770. Ama-hedgehogs akhulisiwe ahlukile kuma-hedgehogs ajwayelekile ngosayizi wezindlebe zawo. Ngenkathi abanye abamele lo mndeni benama-auricles amancane futhi kufihlwe cishe phakathi kwezinaliti, izindlebe zama-hedgehogs anezindlebe zingaba ngamasentimitha ayisithupha ubude. Umhlane we-hedgehog umbozwe ngokuphelele ngezinaliti ezicijile.
Ama-hedgehogs anezindlebe ezinde kwesinye isikhathi abizwa nangokuthi ama-pygmy hedgehogs, ngenxa yokuthi mancane kakhulu kunama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba besilisa abadala busuka ku-13 kuye ku-26 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-200 kuye ku-470 amagremu. Isimo sesifonyo sibukhali. Endaweni yesiphongo kubonakala umucu wesikhumba esingenalutho, wehla ngomzimba. Izinwele ziyimpunga ethambile. Umbala wama-hedgehogs walezi zinhlobo ungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kwesilwane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-hedgehog efile
Ama-hedgehogs akhulisiwe ayizinambuzane ezincane ezidla izinambuzane. Umzimba we-hedgehog yabantu abadala ungama-12 kuye kuma-26 cm ubude. Usayizi womsila ungama-16-23 mm, ama-subspecies asePakistan ezilwane zalesi silwane makhulu futhi angama-30 cm ubude. Abesilisa banesisindo esifinyelela ku-450 amagremu, abesifazane bangaba nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-220 no-500 amagremu. I-spap carapace yama-hedgehogs afinyiwe incane kunaleyo ye-hedgehogs ejwayelekile. Engxenyeni engezansi yezinhlangothi, ebusweni nasesiswini, kunoboya bezinwele obuthambile. Ngemuva nangezinhlangothi, ulayini wezinwele onezinaliti ezicijile ekugcineni.
Izinaliti zifushane, ziyi-17 kuye kuma-20 mm ubude, zimbozwe ngemisele emincane nemiphetho. Ama-hedgehogs amancane azalwa enezinaliti ezithambile futhi ezisobala, futhi angaboni. Lapho kufika amasonto ama-2, ama-hedgehogs aqala ukubona, afunde ukugoqana abe yibhola, futhi izinaliti zawo ziyaqina futhi zibukhali. Ngokuya ngendawo okuhlala kuyo isilwane, umbala wezinaliti ungahluka kusuka kotshani obukhanyayo kuye komnyama.
Isifonyo sikhonjisiwe. Amehlo mancane futhi ayindilinga. Iris yamehlo amnyama ngombala. Ama-auricles makhulu, afinyelela ku-5 cm ubude, izindlebe zigobile kancane zibheke ebusweni. Amadevu aqondile. Amathambo aqinile wesilwane amakwe ngokuqinile. Umlomo unamazinyo angama-36 acijile. Izitho zinde futhi ziqinile. I-hedgehog ingagijima ngokushesha, futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi izigoqa ibe yibhola enezinaliti phezulu. Isikhathi sokuphila sama-hedgehogs endle cishe yiminyaka emithathu. Ekuthunjweni, ama-hedgehogs ahlala isikhathi eside kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6, lokhu kungenxa yezimo ezingcono zemvelo kanye nendlela yokuphila ezolile.
Ihlala kuphi i-hedgehog enamalebe?
Isithombe: I-hedgehog ered ehlane
Indawo yokuhlala yama-hedgehogs anele ibanzi futhi ihlukahlukene. Lezi zilwane zingatholakala emaqeleni, ezingwadule zaseLibya, eGibhithe, kwa-Israyeli, e-Asia Minor, ePakistan nase-Afghanistan. Futhi bahlala eNdiya, ezingwadule zaseKazakhstan nasezintabeni zaseMongolia. E-China, lolu hlobo lwe-hedgehog lungatholakala kuphela esifundeni iXinjiang Uygur. Ezweni lakithi, ama-hedgehogs anele atholakala emaqeleni esifunda saseVolga naseNovosibirsk. E-Urals, kusukela eningizimu esentshonalanga yeSiberia kuya e-Altai enezintaba. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala endaweni yase-Ukraine.
Ama-Hedgehogs ahlala ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi owomile onesihlabathi naku-loam. Bakhetha izindawo ezomile ezifana nezigodi ezomile, imifula, imihosha. Bahlala ezingwadule ezinotshani obude nezimila ezingezinhle. Azizithandi izindawo ezinotshani obushisiwe kanye namahlathi aphezulu ezikhuni ezifile. Uma kunesidingo, ama-hedgehogs kwesinye isikhathi akhuphuka izintaba ziye ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-2400 ngaphezu kolwandle. Impilo yonke, i-hedgehog imba umgodi ojulile ongafika kumitha elilodwa ubude. Kuvalwa umgodi ngaphandle. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-hedgehogs anele angena emigodini eshiywe ezinye izilwane.
Zonke izingulube ezinamaqabunga amade asebusika zichitha emgodini wazo, ngekwindla zivikela indawo yazo yokuhlala ngokuhudula amaqabunga lapho, zihlele uhlobo lwesidleke, bese kuthi ebusika kuvalwe indawo yokungena emgodini kanye nezindawo zokulala kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Uma ehlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, hlala eduze kwendawo yokuhlala yomuntu ongesabi nakancane.
Idlani i-hedgehog enamalebe?
Isithombe: I-hedgehog ye-Steppe eared
Ama-hedgehogs anezindlebe ezinde yizilwane ezinambuzane. Ukudla kwama-hedgehogs anele kufaka phakathi:
- amabhungane amancane;
- izintuthwane;
- izibankwa;
- amaxoxo;
- izinyoka;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- amagundane namagundane;
- izinyoni ezincane namachwane azo;
- amaqanda ezinyoni.
Kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo, ama-hedgehogs athanda ukuzitika ngezithelo, amajikijolo nembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. I-hedgehog enezindlebe ezinde, izitholela ukudla, iyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha okukhulu, lawa mahedgehogi ahamba ngokushesha okukhulu kunabanye abamele lo mndeni. Ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuthi isisulu se-hedgehog sicashe ekuphishekeleni lesi silwane esincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hedgehogs anamaqabunga aqinile kakhulu, angaphila ngaphandle kokudla namanzi kuze kube amasonto ayishumi ngenkathi esebusika.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma i-hedgehog efile idla isilwane esinoshevu, ayigcini nje ngokuthola ubuthi, kepha futhi iba nokuzivikela okuqinile kokulunywa yilezi zilwane. Isibonelo, uma i-hedgehog idle inyoka enobuthi, akukho okuzokwenzeka kuye, futhi ngokuzayo ukulunywa yilezi zinyoka eziyingozi akumesabi.
Ama-Hedgehogs abhekwa njengokuhleleka kwangempela kwehlathi, adla izinambuzane eziyingozi, amagundane athwala izifo ezahlukahlukene, izinyoka ezinobuthi nezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, uma ama-hedgehogs ehlala eduze nendawo ahlala kuyo abantu, abantu baqala ukubondla, bazi ukuthi uma i-hedgehog ihlala engadini, ngeke kube khona izinambuzane kuyo, ngoba lesi silwanyana esincane sizobabhubhisa ngokushesha.
Abantu bavame ukuthanda ukugcina ama-hedgehogs anele njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuthola ukudla okudliwa yi-hedgehog emvelweni. Ekuthunjweni, ama-hedgehogs anele anikezwa inyama yenkukhu, inyama yenkomo, amaqanda, inyama egayiwe ebilisiwe; banikeza nezithelo, imifino, nembewu yezitshalo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi uzondla kanjani i-hedgehog efile. Ake sibone ukuthi lesi silwane siphila kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: i-African eared hedgehog
I-hedgehog enezindlebe ezinde ayisona isilwane esinolaka esinomlingiswa ozolile. Agile kakhulu futhi beshesha. Endle, kusebusuku. Igijima ngokushesha okukhulu. AmaHedgehogs awaboni kahle, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane zizingela ikakhulukazi ngendlebe. Phakathi nobusuku, i-hedgehog efakwe ikhava ingahamba ibanga elingu-8-9 km. Emini, i-hedgehog icasha endaweni yayo yokukhosela bese iyalala. Ukuze aphumule, uzimbela indawo yokukhosela enhlabathini ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma izihlahla. Ngaphezu kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana, i-hedgehog eyindlebe izakhela ikhaya langempela. Imbobo enkulu nejule ngokwanele efinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ukujula noma kuhlala indawo yokuhlala yomunye umuntu. Imbobo enjalo itholakala egqumeni ngaphansi kwezimpande zesihlahla noma izihlahla. Ekupheleni komgodi, kuhlelwa umgodi okhethekile, lapho ngenkathi yokuzalanisa kuzalwa ama-hedgehogs amancane.
Ama-hedgehogs akhulisiwe athanda isizungu futhi awakhi imindeni, angabi nabalingani baphakade, angaphambukeli emihlambini. Ngokuwa, ama-hedgehogs adliwa kakhulu ngokuqongelela amafutha angaphansi. Ama-Hedgehogs angena ebusika ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, avuke ebuthongweni bokulala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ezimweni ezifudumele, ama-hedgehogs anamaqabunga alele kuphela lapho kungekho kudla. Ukuzifihla kuma-hedgehogs alolu hlobo akunamandla njengakwabanye abamele lo mndeni. Ebusika, angavuka adle izimpahla azilungiselele ubusika.
Lezi zilwane ziphatha umuntu kahle futhi azibesabi nakancane abantu. Bathatha ukudla kumuntu, bazizwa kahle ekuthunjweni. Uma uqala i-hedgehog eviwe njengesilwane esifuywayo, usheshe ajwayele abantu, abone umnikazi futhi amlalele. Ngezinye izilwane, ayinalo ulaka uma kwenzeka ingozi, iqala ukuhayiza, ixwayisa ukunganeliseki kwakhe, igxume kumuntu owonile ezama ukumshaya.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-hedgehogs abhekiwe awathandi ukugoqana ebholeni, bese uzama ukwenza konke ukungakwenzi lokhu. Uma kunengozi, bahhewula ngentukuthelo futhi baholele ophikisana nabo, bazame ukubaleka, uma lokhu kungaphumeleli futhi nemizila yokuphunyuka ivaliwe, lawa mahedgehogs agxumela kumuntu owonile ezama ukuhlaba kabuhlungu. I-hedgehog igobeka ibe yibhola kuphela uma kunengozi enkulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-hedgehog encane efile
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sama-hedgehogs siwela entwasahlobo; ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesifazane bakhipha imfihlo ekhethekile ngama-pheromones. Abesilisa bayalizwa leli phunga bese beya kulo. Lapho owesilisa esondela kowesifazane, uqala ukucula ingoma yakhe efana nempempe. Futhi iqala ukuthimula futhi igijime eduze kwakhe ngemuva kwesikhashana insikazi nayo iyabandakanyeka enqubeni yemidlalo.
AmaHedgehogs ayimfihlo kakhulu, ngakho-ke inqubo yokukhwelana yenzeka emahlathini otshani. Okokuqala, izilwane ziyahogelana, kamuva izilwane zihlela isenzo sokuchama ngokuhlanganyela. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa uzama ukusondela kowesifazane ngemuva. Izinaliti ezicijile zesifazane empilweni ejwayelekile ngalesi sikhathi ziyathamba, njengoba umfutho wegazi uncipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hedgehog icosha izinaliti ngokuzigoqa ngokucophelela ngemuva.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, i-hedgehog ishiya i-hedgehog bese iya kohlomisa imbobo, noma ukujulisa nokwandisa indawo yokuhlala endala. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha amasonto ayi-7. Kusuka kuma-hedgehogs amabili kuya kwayisithupha azalwa ngasikhathi. Ama-hedgehogs amancane anelezi, lapho ezalwa, awaboni ngempela. Amehlo e-hedgehog avuleka kuphela emva kwamasonto amabili, amawundlu adla ubisi lukanina. Insikazi ihlala namazinyane ayo ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala, kamuva ama-hedgehogs akwazi ukushiya ikhaya lawo lokhokho. Ama-hedgehogs akhulisiwe aqiniseka ukuthi angama-loners, awakhi imindeni, awanabo abalingani abahlala njalo. Baphatha izihlobo zabo ngokuthula, ukungqubuzana kungaba phakathi kwabesilisa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Izitha zemvelo zama-hedgehogs anele
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-hedgehog efile
Ama-Hedgehogs awaholeli nje impilo yasebusuku, ngesikhathi sasemini kunezilwane eziningi ezizingelayo ezingaphikisi ukuzitika ngalesi silwane esincane esinezindlebe.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zama-hedgehogs afihlekile yilezi:
- izinyoni ezizingelayo;
- izimpungushe,
- izimpisi;
- izimbila;
- izinja;
Ama-hedgehogs akhulisiwe ashesha kakhulu. Agijima ngejubane elanele futhi azame ukubaleka uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, okuyinto ajwayele ukuyenza ngempumelelo enkulu. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, bahhewula ngokusobala bese bezama ukuhlaba umuntu owonile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho izilwane ezidla ezinye zihlasela i-hedgehog futhi zizoyidla, ngeke zikwenze lokhu, ngoba i-hedgehog izigoqa ibe yibhola eliqinile. Izilwane ezihlaselayo zithole ukuthi zingabhekana kanjani nazo, zimane zichame kwi-hedgehog, ngalesi sikhathi i-hedgehog kufanele iphenduke futhi okwamanje umzingeli uyayidla.
Ama-Hedgehogs amelana nobuthi obuningi, abekezelela ngokuthula ukulunywa yizinambuzane ezinobuthi kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngisho nobuthi obuningi bamakhemikhali abuyingozi kuma-hedgehogs. Izibungu zivame ukuhlala kuma-hedgehogs; ngesizini eyodwa i-hedgehog iqoqa iphinde ifunze amakhulu amaningana ala ma-parasites. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hedgehogs avame ukugcwala ama-helminths. Futhi, ama-hedgehogs atholakala kalula ezifweni zefungal, avame ukutheleleka ngesikhunta se-dermophradite njengeTrychophyton mentagrophyte var. U-Erinacei no-Candida albicans. Ama-Hedgehogs athwala izifo ezifana ne-salmonellosis, i-adenoviruses, i-encephalitis virus, i-paramyxoviruses.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Eged hedhohog
I-eage hedgehog iyisilwane esifihlekile, esihola impilo yasebusuku, ngakho-ke ubukhulu besibalo sama-hedgehogs anele kunzima ukulandela umkhondo. Ama-Hedgehogs ngamazambane aziwa kakhulu kusofa futhi ngesikhathi sasemini awazishiyi izimbobo zawo, kodwa azingela ebusuku kuphela. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoluningi impela. Lezi zinhlobo okwamanje zinesimo sokugcinwa komthetho - izinhlobo ezingakhathazeki kangako. Akadingi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile. Ama-Hedgehogs anda ngokushesha futhi abekezelele kahle amathonya emvelo angalungile.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-hedgehogs alezi zinhlobo abelokhu evame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo emazweni amaningi, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo luvame ukuthengiswa. Ama-Hedgehogs alezi zinhlobo abhekwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle, awanyatheli, ngokungafani nama-hedgehogs ajwayelekile, awathobekile ekudleni nasezimeni zokuphila. Bathanda amakhosi abo. Kuyiqiniso, emindenini enezingane, ama-hedgehogs awafanelekile njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba ukuxhumana nameva we-hedgehog kungadala ukungezwani komzimba ezinganeni.
Ngokuqondene nokuvikelwa kwama-hedgehogs, lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukuzama ukugcina izindawo lapho ama-hedgehogs asetshenziselwa ukuhlala khona. Ngalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa izindawo zokugcina, amapaki, nokwenza ngcono izindawo eziluhlaza. Uma ama-hedgehogs azinzile eduze kwendlu yakho, zama ukungabacasuli. Yondla lezi zilwane, futhi zizosusa izinambuzane zakho bese ziba abangane beqiniso.
I-hedgehog ekhulisiwe uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo. AmaHedgehogs abhubhisa izinambuzane eziyingozi namagundane athwala izifo ezahlukahlukene. Umakhelwane onama-hedgehogs uyasiza kakhulu, kepha yize lezi zilwane zihle kakhulu, ama-hedgehogs asendle akufanele athintwe futhi athathwe ezandleni zakho, njengoba imikhaza eyingozi kanye nezinye izimuncagazi eziyingozi zihlala kuzo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/05/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-10: 43
