Kuyigugu izinhlanzi zasolwandle i-halibut kubadobi abaningi kuyinto edliwayo efiselekayo. Lezi zinhlanzi zingezomndeni we-flounder. Le nhlanzi ibuye ibaluleke ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali.
Yinhlanzi emnandi futhi enempilo i-halibut ukuqagela akunzima. Inyama yayo iqukethe cishe awekho amathambo, futhi inani le-fillet lihlotshaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo zamavithamini, ama-amino acid, izinto ezincane nezincane kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-omega-3 fatty acids.
Omega-3 acid bayakwazi ukubuyisela ngokuphelele imetabolism emzimbeni womuntu. Ama-amino acid aqukethwe enyameni ye-halibut avikela ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Inyama yale nhlanzi ayiqukethe ama-carbohydrate.
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezitsha ezivela kule nhlanzi kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine umbono kuze kube sekugugile, ukuvala ukungabi khona kukavithamini D kanye ne-selenium. Inhlanzi ithosiwe, iyabhenywa futhi ifakwa usawoti. Kuthengiswa kunokudla okusemathinini emafutheni noma kujusi wayo.
Inhlanzi ayilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo nganoma iyiphi indlela. ICaviar ibuye isetshenziselwe ukudla, ifakwa usawoti futhi isetshenziselwe ukusabalalisa amasemishi. Imboni eyenza imithi isebenzisa amafutha wesibindi njengomthombo kavithamini A. IHalibut iyaphikiswa kubantu abane-hepatitis noma izifo zomgudu wamathumbu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okunamafutha amaningi.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Izinhlanzi zeHalibut kuphela zasolwandle. Ikhetha ukuba ekujuleni okukhulu okuqukethe usawoti omningi, kepha ehlobo esimweni sezulu esifudumele, abantu abadala nabo bakhuphukela ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo.
Abantu balolu hlobo batholakala olwandle olusenyakatho yePacific nolwe-Atlantic. Abanye babo bakhetha izilwandle zasenyakatho njengendawo yokuhlala yendawo: iBeringovo, iBarents, i-Okhotsk neJapan. Ngezansi, lapho ama-halibuts achitha khona isikhathi sawo, ahlala ehlanzekile futhi engafakwanga usilika.
Ngaphandle, kulula ukucacisa ukuthi le nhlanzi ingeyaluphi uhlobo lwe-halibut. Incazelo yezinhlanzi ze-halibut inikeza umbono ocacile wokubukeka kwayo. Le nhlanzi inesimo esicaba, esilinganayo, futhi amehlo ayo womabili atholakala ohlangothini lwesokunene.
Umlomo uyindilinga futhi unokusikeka okujulile ngaphansi kweso lesokudla. Umlomo uqukethe amazinyo aqinile, abukhali. Umbala ungasuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuye kokumnyama. Imvamisa, umbala uncike kumbala wenhlabathi yendawo yokuhlala yabantu. Inhlanzi inombala kuphela ngemuva.
Futhi maphakathi nendawo kukhona ulayini ogoba ngokucijile eduze kwekhanda. Isisu simhlophe noma mpunga kancane. Isiphetho sangemuva siyisiyingi esiyindilinga. Ububanzi bomuntu buyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zobude bomzimba wakhe. Abantu abadala badala kakhulu. Abamele olwandle ngokuvamile bakhula bafike kumitha futhi bangabi nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-4.
Sifihle halibut
Abahlali bezilwandle bavame ukudlula imitha ubude, futhi isisindo sabo singaphezu kuka-100 kg. Kukhona amacala emlandweni lapho abantu abanesisindo esingaphezu kwama-300 kilogram baba ukubanjwa. Kunamaqembu amakhulu amane wabamele lolu hlobo:
- Ama-halibuts amhlophe angabamele abakhulu bezinhlobo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle nokudla okunomsoco, ziyakwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha ama-5 ngesisindo esingaphezu kwama-350 kg.
- Ama-arrowtooth halibuts ngabantu abancane abanalesisindo esingaphezu kuka-3 kg kanye namasentimitha angama-70-75 ubude.
- Ama-halibuts amnyama angama-halibut aphakathi nendawo, athe ukuphakama kancane kunemitha futhi anesisindo esifinyelela kuma-50 kg.
- Amaphiko e-Halibut angabameleli abancane kunabo bonke, konke akuvamile ukufika kukhilogremu onobude bomzimba obungama-40-50 cm.
Inhlanzi ebonisiwe iHalibut isici sayo esithile, isimo esiguquliwe sogebhezi, sibonakala kahle.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
UHalibut uyaphilafuthi azingele ezansi. Akuvamile ukuthi isisulu sisuke kule nhlanzi. Ekuphumuleni, inhlanzi ingase ibonakale ihamba kancane futhi ingahambi kahle. Kepha ngokushesha nje lapho isisulu singena emkhakheni wokubuka kwalesi silwane, ibanga laso linqotshwa khona manjalo.
IHalibut ezansi echibini
Ngesikhathi sokulala, inhlanzi ilele ezansi; lapho ibhukuda, ijikela ohlangothini lwayo. Umbala welinye lamacala, lapho ingxenye engaphambili itholakala khona, unombala oshubile, okuthi ebumnyameni uvumele umuntu ocathayo ukuthi ahlangane nombala waphansi bese, ecashile, alinde isidlo sasemini sakhe.
Naphezu kokujwayelekile kwezinhlobo, abanye abameleli bakhetha impilo yokuhlala phansi futhi belele phansi, balinde inyamazane, abanye babhukuda kukholamu lamanzi befuna ukudla futhi bazingele izinhlanzi ezisheshayo.
Ukudla
Konke izinhlobo zama-halibuts nakanjani izidlo. Amazinyo acijile enza kube lula ukuzingela inhlanzi enkulu ngamathambo aqinile. Kepha izintandokazi zezinhlobo zehlukile:
- izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi (pollock, flounder, salmon, herring);
- i-crayfish, izinkalankala, i-shellfish;
- ama-squid, octopus;
- iplankton nezibungu.
Ukudla okuningi kwamaprotheni kwenza le nhlanzi ibe ngumkhiqizo obalulekile wokudla kubantu. Ingxenye enkulu yale ndawo yokudoba iseGreenland, e-Iceland naseNorway. I-Russia nayo izibophezele ekudobeni le nhlanzi.I-Halibut ibanjwa ngamathuluzi e-longline nangama-trawls aphansi. Isibalo sezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe silawulwa ngokuqinile ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo sabantu.
Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zibhalwe kuRed Book futhi ukubanjwa kwazo akuvunyelwe. Izakhamizi zasenkabeni yeRussia, intengo yenhlanzi efriziwe ye-halibut ngokwesilinganiso ingama-ruble angama-500 ngekhilogremu. Ngaphandle kwentengo ephezulu, izinhlanzi ze-halibut zimnandi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ziphilile. Ngakho-ke kufanele uyifake ekudleni kwakho okungenani ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukufinyelela usayizi omkhulu kangako, izinhlanzi kufanele ziphile iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili, ngokusho kososayensi, iminyaka yabantu ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ingaba yiminyaka engama-30-35. Emithonjeni yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kunezinkomba zabantu abaneminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Kepha ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zibalulekile ekudobeni, ukudoba okusebenzayo kunciphise usayizi wabantu kanye nesikhathi sokuphila somndeni. Njengoba izinhlanzi zithanda izindawo ezingasenyakatho njengendawo yokuhlala, futhi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokunethezeka lingu-3-8 ℃, ukuzala kwabesifazane kuwela ezinyangeni zasebusika.
Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukudedela kusuka emaqandeni ayisigidi kuya kwezigidi ezine, iningi lawo elifinyelela esimweni sokuthosa emasontweni ambalwa. Lesi sibalo sikhuluma nje ngokuzala kwabesifazane.
Abesilisa nabesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eminyakeni ehlukene, kwabesilisa kuyiminyaka eyi-8, kwabesifazane abayi-10-11. Ngokuzala, abesifazane bakhetha imigodi efihlekile ezansi. Kukhishwe izinhlanzi ze-caviar halibut zisesimweni sokungabi nasisindo kukholamu yamanzi, futhi zihamba ngaphansi kwethonya lamanje.
Izibungu ezichanyuselwe zicwila phansi, lapho ukubukeka kwazo kuguquka khona bese ziphenduka zibe ngabamele ngokuphelele bomndeni wazo. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho amehlo aye kolunye uhlangothi - lokhu isici esiyinhloko senhlanzi i-halibut.
Izinhlanzi ziya ekujuleni okukhulu ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4. Ngalesi sikhathi, isisindo nobude babo sebukhule kakhulu. Kubhekwa njengokukhula ngokushesha. Ukukhula kuze kufike ku-20 cm ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ekupheleni konyaka wesibili lowo muntu usiphinda kabili isisindo nokuphakama.
