Scarab ibhungane ehambisana nesiko laseGibhithe, oFaro, izimfumbe zamaphiramidi kanye nezidumbu ezethusayo. Uphawu lwayo belusetshenziswa ngabantu baseMpumalanga kusukela endulo, lapho bekukholelwa ukuthi ukugqoka intelezi enesimo sesinambuzane kuvikela kubo bonke ububi. I-scarab iheha intshisekelo hhayi nje kuphela njengesilwane se-totem, kodwa futhi njengengxenye yezilwane zasendle ezinezici zayo zokuziphatha nendlela yokuphila.
Incazelo nezici
I-scarab ingeyomndeni omncane wamabhungane obulongwe, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibhungane ligingqa amabhola emqubeni bese liwahambisa amabanga amade lize lithole indawo efanelekile yokugcina isisulu salo. Ngendlela, isinambuzane sigingqa ibhola njalo ohlangothini olulodwa - kusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga, njengoba nje ilanga liphuma futhi lishona.
Yingakho scarab beetle eGibhithe lasendulo ehlotshaniswa nonkulunkulu welanga, okwathi ezithombeni wayenomzimba womuntu nekhanda le-scarab. Isinambuzane ezweni laso elishisayo sifinyelela usayizi we-4 cm, kepha kwezinye izindawo, abantu bancane - kufika ku-2 cm.
Umzimba webhungane yi-convex, unombala omnyama ojulile, kuma-scarabs amancane awubuthuntu, kepha uma ukhula uthola ukukhanya okucwebezelayo. Ikhanda linokugqama okungaphambili okuhlukile ngamehlo amabili, kuhlukaniswe ngama-lobes abhangqiwe, kanye ne-clypeus enamazinyo.
Ku-dorsum kune-pantereiform elytra, ngenxa yokuthi amaphiko avikelekile ekushiseni nasekulimaleni. Ibhungane lindiza ngokuphelele ngisho nangezikhathi ezishisayo zasemini futhi likwazi ukuhamba ngejubane lifike ku-11 km / h. Isisu nemilenze kumbozwe izinwele ze-vellus, ezihlukile ngombala kwabesilisa nabesifazane - kowokuqala zibomvu, kokugcina zimnyama.
Njengoba umehluko wobulili ungathuthuki kulolu hlobo lwezinambuzane, zihlukaniswa ngomehluko wombala kuphela nengxenye engemuva ethe xaxa yomzimba wabesifazane. Amaphara amathathu emilenze Ibhungane laseGibhithe ine-spur, futhi amabili angaphambili ayamba, futhi nama-denticles, avumela ukuba babambelele ngokuphelele endaweni enolaka.
Izinhlobo
Izazi zezinambuzane zithathwa njengezilodwa kohlobo lwebhungane iSacred Scarab, kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 zezinambuzane ezifanayo ziye zahlukaniswa, zahlukaniswa zaba umndeni ohlukile we-scarabine. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) armeniacus Menetries;
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) cicatricosus;
- Scarabaeus (Ateuchetus) variolosus Fabricius;
- Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) winkleri Stolfa.
Ngaphezu kwe-Sacred, ummeleli ofundwe kakhulu wama-scarabs yi-typhon, ubukhulu bayo bunesizotha (kufika ku-3 mm), futhi umbala ufana nsundu onsundu kunomnyama. Ngokuyinhloko, zonke izinhlobo zebhungane zihluke kuphela ngemibala nobukhulu, futhi zihlukaniswe ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ngakho-ke azifundwa kangako - kwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi azinakho ukwehluka komzimba, futhi indlela yempilo iyefana kubo bonke.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngokwesiko kuvela ukuthi ibhungane liyaphila eGibhithe, nokho, ixazululwa kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, akuyona into engavamile ukuhlangana nesinambuzane kulezi zindawo.
Enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea, ibhungane nalo liyabamba, kodwa lincane kakhulu kuneGibhithe. ERussia, i-scarab ihlala endaweni yaseDagestan naseGeorgia, abantu abancane batholakala eVolga engezansi.
Abanye abantu babonwe eFrance, e-Arabia, eGrisi naseTurkey - lapho isimo sezulu singesincane, kanti ihlobo lide futhi liyashisa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ngukuthi ososayensi bezama ukuthola imikhondo ye-scarab e-Australia iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, kepha akekho noyedwa ummeleli walezi zinhlobo otholakele, lapho kuphethwe khona ukuthi la mabhungane awathandi ukusondela kuma-kangaroo.
Ungabona i-scarab kusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli kuze kube sekuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Lesi sinambuzane siyasebenza emini, kodwa ebusuku, uma singakashisi ngokwanele, singagobhoza singene emhlabathini. Lapho kushisa ngezikhathi zasemini, ibhungane lishintshela endleleni yokuphila yasebusuku.
I-scarab ibizwa ngokuthi inhlabathi ehlelekile, ngoba impilo yakhe yonke igxile emfucumfucwini wezilwane. Izinkulungwane eziningana zamabhungane ziyakwazi ukulahla inqwaba yomquba ngehora ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale isikhathi sokomisa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukuphela kwento, lidliwa yini ibhungane - umquba oshiywe izinkomo. Lapho sesithole indle entsha, lesi sinambuzane sakha ibhola ngayo, ngokuvamile sidlula ubukhulu baso. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa amazinyo atholakala ekhanda, futhi imilenze yangaphambili, ifakwe izingwegwe ezibukhali, isebenza njengehalavu.
Isisekelo sebhola ucezu lomquba omise okindilinga: isikhafu siwuthatha ngemilenze yawo yangemuva futhi awusiyeki kuwo kuze kube sekupheleni kokwakheka kwebhola. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwesisekelo esidingekayo, ibhungane lihlala phansi phezulu futhi ngosizo "lwamathuluzi" ngaphambili komzimba liqala ukuhlukanisa izingcezu zezinto kunqwaba yomquba, ziqiniswe ngokuqinile kusisekelo bese zakha ibhola eliyindilinga ngokuphelele.
Manje isinambuzane sidinga ukusheshe sisuse inyamazane iye endaweni ephephile - imvamisa kuba nokulwa kokudla okulungiselelwe phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ungalahlekelwa izithelo zemisebenzi yakho. Ibhungane ligingqika ngokushesha ibhola lize liyofika ebangeni lamamitha ayishumi amaningana, futhi kude nendawo lapho libunjwe khona, liba likhulu ijubane elikhulayo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi endleleni, amabhungane amancane angahlala emqubeni, lokhu ngeke kuphazamise isikhafu, ngaphandle kwalapho kunezimbungulu eziningi kakhulu.
Njengoba sesithole indawo eyimfihlo yokugcina izinto, lesi sinambuzane semba umgodi emhlabathini bese singcwaba ibhola lomswani. Ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 ezilandelayo, indawo eseduze kwesisulu iba yikhaya le-scarab, ngoba inokudla okwanele sonke lesi sikhathi. Ngemuva kokuthi ibhola elilandelayo selikhathele, umjikelezo uyaphindwa futhi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngokumangazayo, amabhola obulongwe aba yisizathu sama-scarabs ukwakha ngazimbili: owesilisa ujoyina owesifazane osekhulile, alungise ukudla, ngemuva kwalokho bahlanganyele ngokuhlanganyela ukudla kwenzalo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukudla, izinambuzane ezimbalwa zimba umhubhe onamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30, ezindongeni zawo akha amakhefu. Mink scarab beetle esithombeni sifana nentuthane enendawo ebanzi yokuxhuma amabhola; abantu bakulezi zinhlobo bakhetha ukumba emhlabathini onesihlabathi.
Ngemuva kokuthi kugcinwe ukudla okwanele, ama-scarabs agingqela amabhola emgodini, owesifazane avundiswa owesilisa, ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane akhethe izingcezu ezimbalwa zomquba olungiselelwe futhi, ngosizo lwemilenze yangaphambili, akhe izigaxa zazo ezimise okwamapheya.
Engxenyeni yabo encane, ubeka isibungu esisodwa, imvamisa kusuka ku-4 kuye kwengu-20. Bese kuthi la mabhungane womabili angcwabe inzalo yesikhathi esizayo kanye nokudla bese akushiya unomphela. Lo mbhangqwana nawo awusindi - kusukela kulowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, umuntu ngamunye uzinakekela ngokuzimela ukudla kwawo.
Umjikelezo wempilo we-scarab uqukethe izigaba ezi-4, lapho kudlula lapho kwakhiwa khona abantu abasha:
1.iqanda (lihlehlisiwe ngowesifazane liyaqhubeka nokuba sendaweni yokuhlala ibhola eyakhiwe ngowesifazane kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-10-12);
2.larva (ivela cishe amasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokuvuthwa kweqanda futhi ayiguquki inyanga, isondla ngezinto ezishiywe ngabazali);
3. i-chrysalis (Ngalesi sikhathi, i-bug isivele yakhiwe ngokuphelele, kepha ayijahi ukumba futhi iphumele ngaphandle, kunalokho, idala umkhuhlane wamanga futhi ayisasebenzi);
I-scarab yabantu abadala (ishiya indawo yokukhosela lapho inhlabathi ithamba nemvula yasentwasahlobo bese iqala ukubakhona njengomuntu omdala, izifunela ukudla ngokuzimela). Impilo ye-scarab ifushane ngamazinga ezinambuzane - iminyaka emibili, esimweni sezulu esipholile esinobusika obubandayo, ibhungane lilinda amaqhwa, lenze izinto futhi lizifihle emigodini ejulile, ngenkathi izinqubo zalo zokuphila zinganciphisi ijubane, alifihli ubusika.
Izinzuzo nokulimaza abantu
Scarab ibhungane hhayi kuyingozi okomuntu: ngeke ahlasele noma onakalise ukudla noma izitshalo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokusebenzisa izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo, kusiza ukucebisa inhlabathi ngamaminerali futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane kuzo, kungasaphathwa iphunga elithile lomquba.
Imigudu isinambuzane esiyilungisela inzalo yaso iba uhlobo lokukhanya kwenhlabathi, inikeze ukufinyelela komoya-mpilo ezimpandeni zezitshalo. AbaseGibhithe scarab beetle - uphawu, ukugcina ukuxhumana phakathi kweLanga uNkulunkulu nabantu. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sinambuzane sihamba nomuntu emhlabeni nasemva kokuphila, okukhombisa ukukhanya kwelanga enhliziyweni.
Ngenkathi owaseGibhithe esaphila, iScrarab Esingcwele iheha inhlanhla, inika impilo ende nokuchuma, ivikela emimoyeni emibi futhi iletha isivuno esihle. Ngemuva kokufa, lesi sinambuzane sisiza ukuthola impilo entsha, ngoba inkolo yabaseGibhithe isekelwe ekungafini komphefumulo. Nanamuhla, ikakhulukazi amakholwa eGibhithe abeka umfanekiso wesikhafu esenziwe ngobumba, insimbi noma ingilazi lapho kungcwatshwa.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu basemabhange eNayile babenesiko lokugwinya abantu abahloniphekile, kwase kuthi endaweni yenhliziyo ekhishiwe kwafakwa isikhafu esincane esenziwe ngensimbi eyigugu futhi ehlotshiswe ngamatshe. Isiko lihlotshaniswa nokuqonda ukuthi inhliziyo iyisitho esiyinhloko sempilo yomuntu, ngakho-ke ibhungane lasendulo wabizelwa ukusiza igciwane lempilo entsha.
AbaseGibhithe banamuhla, ngentuthuko yesayensi nemithi, baqala ukuphatha ukufa njengokungenakugwenywa, kepha uphawu lwe-scarab aluzange lushabalale ezimpilweni zabo. Kukholakala ukuthi imifanekiso nezibalo zebhungane eligingqa ibhola layo kuletha inhlanhla kubafundi - phela, isinambuzane esivela kudoti senza isibalo esihle sejometri, ngenkathi sisebenza kanzima.
Usiza abantu bokudala ukufeza izinhloso zabo, ukudala nokuguqula izinto ezilula kakhulu ekuboneni kuqala zibe yimisebenzi yobuciko. Kwabesifazane, i-scarab ingumgcini wobuhle obungapheli nokuphila isikhathi eside, ngoba ekuqaleni kwakuthathwa njengophawu lokuphila.
Ngokobulili obuqinile, kuletha ukuqashelwa kozakwabo kanye nokungena okuphezulu kwezezimali. AbaseGibhithe bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukungcoliswa kophawu lwescarab ngabameleli benye inkolo kuhlanganisa ulaka lwamandla aphakeme kuze kube yisiqalekiso esibulalayo.
Kungani i-scarab iphupha
Amaphupho kaningi enza umuntu axazulule inkinga noma amxwayise ngengozi. Vele, isinambuzane esingcwele ephusheni sinezincazelo ezithile, okubalulekile ukuhumusha kahle. Ukuqondisisa kungani ibhungane liphupha, kufanele ukhumbule yonke imininingwane yokulala futhi ubhekise ezincwadini eziningana zamaphupho:
— Incwadi yamaphupho kaMiller: i-scarab ikwenza kucace ukuthi impumelelo ingafinyelelwa kuphela uma uzinikela ebhizinisini ngonya futhi wenza imizamo yokuqedela umsebenzi;
— Incwadi yamaphupho amaGypsy: isinambuzane sithembisa inhlanhla futhi sivume indlela ekhethwe ngumphuphi, kepha kuphela uma isikwele endizayo siphupha;
— Incwadi yamaphupho aseMpumalanga: uma ngabe ibhungane lalisemlonyeni, iphupho kufanele litolikwe njengesixwayiso ngokungaqondakali nokunganaki kwamagama. Kufanele ucabange ngaphambi kokwenza izinkulumo ezivuthayo, ngoba zingaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki;
— Incwadi yamaphupho ka-Aesop: thola isikhafu embhedeni wakho - ukuthola isigamu sesibili kungekudala;
— Incwadi yamaphupho ase-Asiriya: uma ibhungane eliphuma ephusheni liluma, lokhu kungathathwa njengesixwayiso mayelana nethonya elifihlekile labanye abantu ngekusasa lalowo ophuphayo. Uma ukuluma kudlula ngaphandle kokulandela - akukho okufanele ukwesabe, uma kubonakala ithumba endaweni yalo - izenzo zezitha zizobalethela umphumela owufunayo;
— Incwadi enhle yamaphupho: i-scarab enkulu ithembisa izimfihlo ezingathandeki ezungeze umuntu ophuphile. Bazoletha usongo enhlalakahleni futhi bathinte kabi ubudlelwano nabathandekayo;
— Incwadi yamaphupho yanamuhla: Ibhungane elibonwa ephusheni yintombazane encane lithembisa umshado wokuqala, kepha uma isinambuzane sikhasa, umshado ngeke uhlale isikhathi eside.
Uma ephusheni i-scarab ibingagcini nje ngokuma, kepha ihanjiswe noma ihlangane nganoma iyiphi indlela nomphuphi, lokhu kushiya uphawu ekuchazeni iphupho:
- isinambuzane esigcwale i-amber sisho ukuthi kungekudala kuzodingeka uthwale umthwalo wemfanelo ngokudalelwa komunye umuntu;
- ubucwebe obuyigugu ngendlela yamaphupho e-scarab yengcebo engalindelekile - ukuwina ilotho, ifa noma umklomelo;
- isithombe sebhungane ezintweni zasendlini sithembisa ukuvumelana kwamaphupho empilweni yomndeni nokwakha ubudlelwano nezingane nomlingani;
- umuzwa wokunengeka ephusheni le-scarab noma ukudla kwalo okukhethekile kusikisela ukuthi empeleni kusatshalaliswa amahemuhemu amabi mayelana nomphuphi ongonakalisa ubuhlobo nabathandekayo;
- ibhungane lendle epuletini lixwayisa ngokwenza ukuthengiselana okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi nabantu abangaqinisekisiwe: kunamathuba amaningi okulahlekelwa yimali;
- uma isikhafu siwele umgwaqo noma besisendleleni nje, kuzoba nomhlangano ozothinta isiphetho somphuphi.
I-scarab, naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okwesabekayo nombala omnyama, ayithembisi izinkinga ezinkulu noma izinkinga zempilo ephusheni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinambuzane eziningi, iba yisibonakaliso sempumelelo uma utshala imali ekufinyeleleni kwayo.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- I-scarab beetle ifakiwe kwiRed Book ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo sabantu emhlabeni jikelele, iyavikelwa, kanti ukubhujiswa kwabamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezithile kujeziswa ngenhlawulo.
- Ensimini yaseRussia, izinhlobo eziyisi-8 zikabhungane zobulongwe zatholakala, kepha-ke, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nabo emzileni ophakathi nendawo - bahlala eduze nezindawo ezishisayo zezwe lethu.
- Iqanda elibekwe isikhumba sowesifazane lingafinyelela ku-3 cm ububanzi futhi libe nesisindo esifinyelela ku-2 gram, kepha iningi lalo lincane kakhulu.
- Ebusika, ibhungane liyakwazi ukwakha umhubhe ojule ngamamitha ayi-2,5 - 3, uligcwalise phezulu ngamabhola omswani.
- Isisindo sebhola elenziwe nge-scarab singafinyelela kuma-gramu angama-50 ngesisindo sesinambuzane esingu-2-4 amagremu.
- AmaTattoos abonisa ibhungane ezikhathini zasendulo abhekwa njengophawu lovuko, kulezi zinsuku enzelwa ukuzethemba namandla okuya enhlosweni ehlosiwe.
- Ibhungane lobulongwe linezihlathi, zikhonjiswa ekhanda ngamabala abomvu.
- Kuwo wonke amaqanda abekwayo, kuvela abantu abasha, kepha phakathi kwabo kukhona okungenampilo noma okuguqukile - isikhathi sabo sokuphila asidluli izinyanga ezintathu.
- Ososayensi base-Australia baletha ama-scarab ezweni izikhathi ezine ngawo-1980, lapho izinambuzane zendawo zingakwazi ukubhekana nokulungiswa kwendle yemfuyo ngenxa yokushisa okungavamile, amabhungane asiza ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa awazange azalane futhi awazange abe nezimpande ezwekazini.
Ngakho-ke, ibhungane le-scarab lithole ukuqashelwa okubanzi hhayi nje kuphela njengenhlabathi ehlelekile nomkhululi ezinsaleleni zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi njengesilwane esingcwele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uphawu lwaseGibhithe lwe-Holy Scarab lwaqala ukuvela kwamanye amasiko.
Lesi sinambuzane sikhonjiswe ezintweni zasendlini, emzimbeni nakubucwebe. Kukholakala ukuthi umfanekiso webhungane, ohlotshiswe ngokucebile ngamatshe futhi wenziwe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu, uzoletha inhlanhla futhi uvikele ebunzimeni.
