UPintail njengohlobo oluthile wachazwa okokuqala ngungoti wemvelo uKarl Linnaeus, owalibiza ngokuthi "Anas acuta", okusho ukuthi "idada elibukhali" ngesiLatini. Unamanye amagama: i-pintail, umsila okhombe, i-awl (engasasebenzi). Emhlabeni weminwe, kunabantu abangaba yizigidi eziyi-5.5.
Incazelo nezici
IPintail yidada lesibili elijwayeleke kakhulu ngemuva kwemallard. Ngaphansi kancane kuye ngosayizi, i-pintail ihlukaniswa nomzimba omncane kanye nentamo ende. Ubude besifazane emzimbeni ngu-50-57 cm, owesilisa - 60-75 cm; isisindo ngokulandelana - 500-1000 g no-600-1200 g. Ukusabalala ngezinombolo kuya ngendawo ohlala kuyo kanye nesikhathi sonyaka.
Idada laqanjwa igama lalo ngenxa yamaphiko alo acijile kanye nomsila obukhali. Ubude bezimpaphe zomsila wedrake bufinyelela ku-10 cm.Ibakhombisa lapho benza umdanso wokukhwelana nalapho usongela ophikisana naye.
Izimpaphe zephepha lesifazane alizikhanyi ngobuhle: umbala onsundu onsundu wophaphe uhlanjululwe kancane ngomngcele obomvu onqenqemeni. Kuzokwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamanye amadada omfula kuphela ngomzimba wayo ovulekile nentamo ende. Kodwa-ke, i-pintail-drake ngemuva kwe-molting ibukeka futhi inesizotha.
Kepha ngesikhathi samanje kuguqulwa. Ingubo yokuzalanisa eyesilisa yakhelwe ngokungafani kempunga nonsundu ngamachaphaza amancane amhlophe nokumnyama. Inhloko nengxenye ephezulu yentamo yi-chestnut emnyama ngombala, iphenduka ibe mnyama ngemuva kwekhanda.
Imivimbo emibili emincane emhlophe yehla isuka ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda iye entanyeni bese ihlangana emphinjeni, idlule ngomugqa obanzi ngesisu iye emsileni. Okumhlophe okumpunga emuva nezinhlangothi kuhlotshiswe ngephethini emnyama egelezayo. Izindwangu zamaphiko zimpunga, izimpaphe zokundiza zibomvu-mpunga. Isibuko siluhlaza ngomngcele onsundu ogqamile.
Ukungabikho kwezihluthu ekhanda nemivimbo emnyama ngaphesheya kwamehlo kungenye umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo. Izwi lokuthinta idrake ngesikhathi sokukhwelana linethonya elijwayelekile. Impempe emnandi kumanothi aphezulu yandulelwa ikhwela.
Idrake yenza imisindo efanayo, yelula intamo phezulu. Impempe efanayo ikhishwa wuhlobo lwayo lwetiye, kepha ngaphandle kwehhashi. Abesifazane abakawoti njengodada wasekhaya, kepha ngokunqanda okuncane. Emhlambini wamadrakes omemeza njalo futhi ngokuzwakalayo, ungabezwa kude kakhulu. Abesifazane babanikeza izwi elihoshozelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukubona i-pintail indiza. Ukusuka emanzini, ayidingi isikhathi eside. Undiza ngokushesha, ngenkathi enweba intamo yakhe ngokuqinile, sengathi ubuka indawo ezungezile, futhi ngaphambi kokufika wenza i-loop.
Lapho idla emanzini angajulile, le nyoni incamela ukungazitsheli ngaphansi kwamanzi. Uthola ukudla kusuka ekujuleni, eqondise ikhanda lakhe phansi. Ihamba emhlabeni ngokuzethemba kunamanye amadada. Uma i-pintail esithombeni itholakala enkampanini yezinye izinhlobo, khona-ke akekho ozoba nokungabaza mayelana nokunquma ukuthi ingeyakhe, ukubonakala kwayo kukhanya kakhulu.
Izinhlobo
Ensimini yaseRussia, kunezinhlobo ezingafika kumashumi amane zamadada. Iningi labo liyathakazelisa ngokudoba nokuzingela amateur. Amadada omfula, ngaphezu kwepintail, afaka:
- obanzi
- mallard
- teal
- idada elimpunga
- iwigi
- umbulali whale
Onke amadada omfula ahlukaniswa ukufika phezulu emanzini ngomsila ophakanyisiwe. Izihlobo eziseduze zepintail zifaka iqembu elihlukile lamadada omfula ahlala eziqhingini eziseningizimu: i-yellow-billed, red-billed, Kerguelen, barnacle (Bahamian) pintail. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi lawa ma-subspecies aqhamuka emaqenjini amathebula asenyakatho, ake achezuka emzileni wokufuduka futhi aphelela eziqhingini.
Lezi zinhlobo zesiqhingi zincane ngosayizi, futhi nekhono lazo lokundiza liyancipha. Akukho mehluko cishe embala wezimpaphe phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa. Zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba zifakiwe kwiRed Book. Inani labo lehla ngokushesha, futhi idada laseKerguelen lisongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngenxa yamakati asendle.
Esithombeni i-Bahamian pintail
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo yomunwe ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-28. Izidleke zayo zisakazeke emanzini angaphakathi nezwe e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Uncamela ukuhlala ku-tundra, ehlathini-ehlathini, esondela ogwini lwe-Arctic. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala nasemahlathini ahlabayo, endaweni esemahlathini nasemathafeni.
ERussia, i-pintail ihlala cishe kuyo yonke insimu, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziseningizimu yeTransbaikalia naseSaratov nasezifundeni zaseVoronezh zezindawo zayo zokwakha izidleke. Ebusika, i-pintail indizela eNyakatho Afrika, e-South Asia naseNingizimu Yurophu.
Amaphaphu ngawokuqala phakathi kwamadada abuyela ezweni lawo, ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifushane. Kufika esibhakabhakeni imihlambi engaba ngu-20 ngasikhathi sinye. Iningi lamabhangqa akhiwa ebusika. Ngemuva kokufika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, i-pintail iqala inkathi yokukhwelana.
Ukujabulisa owesilisa, idrake, kanye nezimpaphe ezibambekayo, zisebenzisa izindlela zokubonisa. Emanzini, wehlisa uqhwaku lwakhe ngokujulile, ngasikhathi sinye aphakamise umzimba wakhe ubheke phezulu, bese ephonsa ikhanda lakhe ngokunyakaza okubukhali. Impophoma yeziphala iphakama imzungezile.
Emoyeni, abesilisa abanomhlambi ophefumulayo ohamba ngezindiza bandizela phansi ngaphezu kwamanzi, beshaya amaphiko abo kakhulu lapho bendiza. Ngezinye izikhathi yehlisa ngokucijile umsila wayo phansi, njengokungathi iyaququda. Emhlabathini, idrake liphakamisa iphiko lalo phambi kwesifazane, lilahle intamo yalo emuva emuva. Ithinta izimpaphe ngomlomo wayo - kutholakala umsindo wokugedlezela.
Idada lithatha idrake alithandayo laya nalo eceleni lisuka emadodeni amanje. Abesifazane be-pintail bafuna ama-nooks acashuniwe okuzalela kude nesidleke sabo, lapho bavela khona uqobo. Isidleke sise khilomitheni elilodwa ukusuka echibini, khona kanye emhlabathini emgodini omncane ophakathi kotshani bezimila bonyaka odlule noma izihlahlana zomhlanga.
Kukhethwa kuqala amadamu anezindawo ezingajulile ezifika ku-30 cm ukujula, ezigcwele utshani obuphansi. Amadada agwema amachibi asehlathini akhule ngokweqile. Izindawo zokwakha izidleke eziseduze nedamu, ezisendaweni enezikhukhula, zisengozini yokugcwala ngamanzi ezikhukhula.
Umndeni awuyichazi imingcele yesiza sawo futhi awuvezi izimangalo zendawo komakhelwane bawo. Izinyoni zePintail zomphakathi nezokuzijabulisa, noma kunjalo, aziphambukeli emhlanjini omkhulu. Abantu abangamakhulu amaningana babuthana ndawonye ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Abesilisa babonakala ngokucinana ngesikhathi se-molting.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, abesifazane bahlala bebambelele, futhi ama-drake ahlangana ezindaweni ezivikeleke kahle phakathi kwamahlathi ezimila asogwini ezindaweni ezisezansi zemifula namachibi. Bahlanganiswa nabesifazane abangatholanga ukubhangqa noma abalahlekelwe ukubamba kwabo. Kwabesifazane, i-molting iyabambezeleka futhi iqala ngemuva kwezimpaphe zamadada. Abalahlekelwa yikhono labo lokundiza.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngokuvamile, i-pintail duck Nutrition ingabizwa ixubile. Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zebanga, kudla kakhulu imvelaphi yezilwane, ezindaweni eziseningizimu, zemvelaphi yezitshalo. Ukudla futhi kuya ngesizini.
I-pintail idlulela ekudleni kwezilwane entwasahlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokubonakala kwesibungu se-chironomids nezimpukane ze-caddis, bese kuba ama-mollusk wabaphilayo, iminenke yamachibi, nezimpukane ze-caddis. Le nyoni ayideleli ama-crustaceans amancane, onoshobishobi, izingulube. Idada lidla emifuleni emincane echibini emanzini angajulile.
Ukhipha ukudla ngaphandle kokuntywila, kepha awele phezu kwekhanda lakhe. Intamo yayo ende iyayivumela ukuthi ithole ukudla kusuka ekujuleni okukhulu kunamanye amadada. Uyazi ukuthi angakubhula kanjani ukudla emanzini. Njengawo wonke amadada, i-pintail iwuhlobo lokuhleleka kwamadamu, okucekela phansi izibungu zomiyane nokususa i-duckweed.
Ekwindla, inani lefolishi lemvelaphi yezitshalo likhona. Amaqabunga, iziqu, izimpande zezitshalo zasemanzini nezasogwini ziyadliwa: i-duckweed, i-nymphaean, i-tuber, i-sedge. Kudliwa imbewu ye-highlander ne-millet. Ngesikhathi sobusika, amadada ahambela amasimu ngemuva kokuvuna okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi iqala ukulungisa isidleke endaweni ekhethiwe. Isidleke se-pintail silula; udoti awungeni ezansi kwefossa.
Ngezidladla zakhe, udala ukucindezeleka okungu-22-28 cm ububanzi emhlabathini bese ekuzungeza ngohlangothi lotshani obomile nangaphansi. Zizodingeka kamuva ngendawo yokukhosela lapho idada likhishwa okwesikhashana ekubekeni. I-clutch ephelele iqukethe amaqanda ayi-7-10 aphuzi noma aluhlaza. Insikazi izalela amaqanda kungapheli isonto noma ngaphezulu. Amadada avela ezinsukwini ezingama-22-24.
Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, amachwane achanyuselwe agijima ngokuzethemba, futhi umama uwaholela echibini ukuze athole ukudla. Amantshontsho amadada awazi ukuthi anganqwabelana kanjani: adla ngokuqoqa izibungu nezinambuzane ebusweni bamanzi. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, zithola isisindo esilingana nengxenye yobukhulu benyoni esikhulile, bese izimpaphe zifika esikhundleni sezansi.
Amadada amancane aqala ukundiza ukuqeqeshwa ngenyanga nohhafu, futhi kungekudala amachwane ayahlukana.
Izidleke ze-pintail zivame ukubhujiswa izimpungushe, ama-badger, nama-gophers. Izinyoni ezidla inyamazane - onogwaja noma izinhlanzi zasolwandle - nazo ziwusongo olukhulu kulezingane. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kusinda amaphuphu angama-32% -68% kuphela. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, insikazi ingabeka phansi i-clutch yesibili.
Amadada amadala abhekana nobungozi obungaba khona kusuka ezilwaneni ezinkulu: i-lynx, i-hawk, i-gyrfalcon. Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi leli idada lokuzingela. ENetherlands, irekhodi lesikhathi sokuphila kwepintail laqoshwa - iminyaka engama-27 nezinyanga ezi-5.
Ukuzingela kwe-pintail
Bazingela umunwe ngenja eqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile noma ekuqamekeleni okunezidumi kanye nedada lokukhohlisa. Abazingeli abanolwazi babona ubunzima lapho bedubula le nyoni. Yena, ngokungafani namanye amadada, usuka ngaphandle kokugijima futhi ngokushesha undiza ngokushesha.
Lapho uhlela ukuzingela, kubalulekile ukucabangela isimo sezulu. Ngosuku olunamafu nolunomoya, ukuzingelwa kwe-pintail kwenziwa kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe. Izama ukuthola indawo evikelekile, inyoni indizela phezulu futhi iba yizisulu kalula. Esimweni sezulu esicacile, esinokuthula, iminyaka yamadada kusekuntweleni nasekuntweleni kokusa kuphela.
Izinkomba zokukhomba, ama-huskies, ama-spaniel zinhle kakhulu ekuzingeleni idada. Zigijima ngasogwini phambi komnikazi futhi, zizwa iphunga lenyoni, ziyinike izwi. Imvamisa ukudutshulwa kulimaza idada kuphela, futhi likwazi ukucasha ezihlahleni. Lapha indima yenja ayibuyiseki.
Ungazingela i-pintail kusuka eqhugwaneni elifihlwe kahle emahlathini asemngceleni ngamanzi. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwayo, udinga ukwenza inhlolovo yendawo. Ukuba khona kwamadada kuzokhipha inani elikhulu lezimpaphe ebusweni bamanzi nenala yedada.
I-pintail ihlala njalo emanzini iphikisana nomoya, ngakho-ke, udinga ukutholakala endaweni yokukhosela ebheke umoya, futhi iqhugwane ngokwalo kufanele lifakwe ukuze kube lula ukuthatha inyoni ephukile ngasemfuleni.
UPintail ukhangwa eduzane nendawo yokukhosela enedada lasekhaya elikhohlisayo, eliboshwe ngentambo ende. Ukuncenga okukhulu, amaphrofayili noma idada eligxishiwe libekwa eduze. Ama-dummies ama-5-10 anele. Le ndlela yandisa kakhulu amathuba okuzingela okuphumelelayo.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi entwasahlobo, insikazi yepintail ilungiselela ukuvela kwamantshontsho, ayikwazi ukuzingelwa ngalesi sikhathi. I-decoy ingathatha indawo ye-decoy, i-drake izosabela ngokuqinisekile ocingweni, ungasebenzisi i-elekthronikhi - akuvunyelwe.
Lapho uzingela amadada, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise isibhamu kusuka ku- # 3 kuye ku- # 5, kuya ngesimo. Inyoni ephukile iqoqwa ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokugcina kokuzingela. Lapho kukhona inja, umzingeli angaqoqa izindebe eziningi kunokudubula isibhamu. Inja ikhipha yonke inyamazane etholakala emahlathini abo.
Okubalulekile! Kuyadingeka ukumaka indawo yokungena kumaxhaphozi amakhulu, ushiye izimpawu endleleni ezokusiza ukuthi ubuyele emuva. Ikhampasi izoba wusizo entweni yakho yokusebenza.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Kunemininingwane mayelana nokwakhiwa kwendlwana yamapayipi eduze komfula noma ichibi ngaphakathi kwemingcele yamadolobha amakhulu. Ikakhulukazi abantu abanesibindi bandizela ezindaweni zokuhlala eziseduze ukuyokondla.
- Idada ngesikhathi sendiza likwazi ukusheshisa lifike kuma-80 km / h.
- Owesilisa ushiya unomphela isidleke engxenyeni yokuqala yokufukamela bese eya e-molt. Uzohlangana nowesifazane kuphela ebusika.
- I-molt ephelele incisha inyoni amandla okundiza ngenxa yokulahleka kwezimpaphe zokundiza nezimpaphe zomsila.
- Ekupheleni kokufukamela, i-pintail ayisishiyi isidleke. Uma kuba sengozini, idada lithela umquba oketshezi emaqandeni.
- E-UK, inani le-pintail alithuthi.
Ngenxa yenyama yayo emnandi nokuntuleka kwemikhawulo ekudutshulweni, i-pintail ithandwa kakhulu kubazingeli. Futhi yize ukuqothulwa kungasongeli izinhlobo eziningi, inyoni kufanele ivikelwe emisebenzini yabantu engacabangi.
