Kudala ikamela elilodwa eliqhutshiwe bathwala umthwalo omningi ngezinsika, ngenxa yalokhu babevame ukubizwa "ngemikhumbi yasogwadule", balwa njengamahhashi, bondliwe futhi baniselwe umuntu, bamnikeze inyama yabo, uboya, nobisi. Ungafunda ngabo ezincwadini, ezindabeni, ezinganekwaneni, wabamba iqhaza kumafilimu amaningi adumile futhi aqaphelekayo. Ziyabonakala ema-zoo, futhi i-dromedary ivame ukudlala emasekisini.
Incazelo nezici
Amakamela anama-humped noma ama-dromedaries ahluke kancanyana kozakwabo - amakamela anama-humped amabili noma amaBactrian. Zilula, zinama-mazole pads emilenzeni, iminwe emibili. Amakhala ekamela akhiwe njengegebe elincane, eliwavumela ukuthi amelane nezimo zezulu ezinzima, kanye neziphepho zesihlabathi.
Ama-dromedars ahlukahlukene ngombala, kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokumnyama onsundu. Uboya babo bujwayelwa izimo zezulu ezomile, ngoba ngenxa yalo ikamela alilahlekelwa umswakama omningi ngenxa yokuhwamuka okuncane. Ikamela elilodwa elimenyezelwe esithombeni ibukeka inkulu futhi iyaziqhenya.
Ngenxa yenani elincane lezindlala zomjuluko nokushisa okuhamba kancane komzimba, isilwane cishe asikaze sijuluke. Ukuba ne-hump kusiza ukugcina izitolo ezinamafutha, eziguqulwa zibe amandla enqubeni. Impilo yekamela ihlolwa umhubhe wayo. Uma enamathela, khona-ke ulungile.
Uma izintaba zigugile noma cha, isilwane sinezinkinga zempilo. Amanzi agcinwa esiswini, futhi ukugcina amanzi amaningi, akhipha cishe wonke amanzi emchameni nasendleni.
Ikamela lilahlekelwa yiyo yonke imithombo yalo yamanzi isikhathi eside kakhulu, kepha, lingakwazi ukulibuyisa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha cishe imizuzu eyishumi ukwenza kabusha. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzophuza cishe amalitha ayikhulu. Zonke lezi zici zimsiza ukuthi aphile ezifundeni ezomile.
Izinhlobo
Ikamela elinemisipha emibili lingumfowabo wekamela elilodwa. Umehluko omkhulu ukuba khona kwama-humps ama-2. Futhi, iBactrian inentamo emfushane, izinwele ezengeziwe, ezimsizayo ukuthi aphile isithwathwa nemilenze emifushane. Akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla. Futhi, inzalo ihlukaniswa phakathi kwamakamela.
1. INar. Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela eyodwa ehumutshiwe. Inomzimba onamandla futhi omkhulu, ukuzala nobungqabavu. Ungasinda ezindaweni eziyinselele kakhulu. Umhubhe owodwa weluleke emuva emuva usuka emuva uye phambili. Inentamo emfushane nogebhezi.
2. Iner. Unesisekelo somthetho esinamandla, esiqinile nesinejazi elihle. Ibuye ibe ne-hump eyodwa enwetshiwe, noma kunjalo, incanyana ukusuka ngaphambili kuye emuva.
3. IZharbai. I-hybrid engajwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inezizukulwane ezibuthakathaka, nezimpawu zokubi nokuwohloka: isifuba esigwegwile namalunga akhubazekile. Le hybrid yathola igama layo egameni lesiKazakh elithi scarecrow.
4. ICospak. Njengoba ukugxila kwegazi kwamaBactrian kukhuphuka, amaCospaks akhuphuka ngesisindo nosayizi. I-hybrid ilula kakhulu ukuthola inzalo esebenzayo futhi eqinile. Inika ubisi oluningi.
4. IKez-nar. Inzima kuneNar, kanye nokusikwa kwezinwele okuningi nevolumu yobisi.
5. UKurt. Unebhinca lesifuba elincane kanye ne-hump eyodwa encane. Ngesizukulwane ngasinye esisha, i-hump iyancipha. Ubisi oluningi noboya obuncane.
6. Kama. Ngosizo lokuwela okwenziwe ngekamela elinomswakama kanye ne-llama, i-kama iyavezwa. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-camellam. Isici esihlukile sesilwane esinjalo ukulondolozwa koboya obuyigugu nekhwalithi ephezulu, ngokubekezelela okuhle kakhulu nokungathobeki komdemu. Iyakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo efinyelela kuma-30 kg. Incane futhi ilula kunekamela elijwayelekile futhi ayinayo i-hump.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Amakamela okuqala ashubile ahlala e-Afrika e-Peninsula yase-Arabia. Kulezi zinsuku, ama-dromedaries asendle avela ikakhulukazi e-Australia, kepha okwesibili ayizidlakela, ngoba alethwa lapho ukuhambisa impahla.
Ama-dromedaries asekhaya avele eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu. Futhi lapho kukhulunywa ngabo okokuqala kusenhlonhlweni ye-Arabia. Kubonisa cishe abagibeli bamahhashi bamakamela abayinkulungwane belwa ngo-853 BC eKarkar. Imidwebo efanayo iyatholakala eNimrud.
Abantu ababili babehleli esilwaneni esisodwa. Omunye wabo wayephethwe ngenduku, kanti omunye wayehlome ngomnsalo wadubula izitha. Njengesilwane sasekhaya, i-dromedar yavela sekwedlule isikhathi, cishe cishe ngo-500 BC. Njengamanje, lapho-ke babevame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla, ukuthola ubisi, inyama, uvolo.
Esikhathini sethu, amakamela cishe awasetshenziswa njengesilwane esisebenzayo. Esikhathini sezimboni eYurophu, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphansi kwalezi zilwane kuswakeme nakumswakama wamazwe aseYurophu, zahlala zifunwa kuphela ukuthola ubisi, okuyisikhathi esiphindwe kabili, noboya. Ngenxa yobumpofu bamazwe asempumalanga, amakamela asasetshenziswa njengezilwane zokudonsa. Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuthenga imoto noma ugandaganda.
Ukuzaliswa kwamakamela kuthuthukile eRussia. Ngokuyinhloko amaBactrian akhuliswa engxenyeni eseningizimu, njengoba ejwayelene nesimo sezulu salezo zifunda. Inhloso yokuzalanisa ikamela ukuthola ubisi, inyama noboya. Uboya, ngenxa yomthamo wayo omuhle wokushisa, uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo zokulala nezingubo zangaphandle ezifudumele. Ngokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwezinto, zizokhonza futhi zifudumale isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ama-dromedaries asebenza kakhulu emini, kuthi ebusuku alale noma ahambe ngobuvila nangokuvilapha. Bahlala ngamaqembu, okuthiwa ama-harems, aqukethe owesilisa oyedwa, abesifazane abaningana kanye nenzalo yabo. Abesilisa abasebasha abavamisile ukuhlala ezindlini zabesifazane futhi bazakhele iqembu le-bachelor, kepha futhi akuhlali isikhathi eside. Kukhona kwesinye isikhathi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabesilisa bamadrama, lapho balwela khona ubuholi.
Lapho kunesiphepho esihlabathi ogwadule, amadrama angalala izinsuku eziningi kuze kudlule isiphepho. Amakamela acijile munye angamagwala futhi uma kwenzeka kuba yingozi ngesimo sezilwane ezidlayo aqala ukuyibalekela. Ijubane lamakamela acijwe munye cishe liyi-10 km / h ngezinyawo, ne-30 km / h lapho ligijima. Nsuku zonke ziyakwazi ukuhamba zifike kumakhilomitha angama-40 nomthwalo futhi zibone izilwane ezizingelayo ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziningana.
Azisheshi, kepha ziyakwazi ukugijima izinsuku ezimbalwa, kuze kube yilapho izinqolobane zazo seziqediwe ngokuphelele, noma kuze kube yilapho isilwane sizwa ngokuphelele ukuthi isitha sisemuva. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngosayizi wawo, amakamela angabhukudi abahle kakhulu. Ama-dromedars yizilwane ezizolile. Azinolaka futhi azinobungane nabantu.
Indawo ahlala kuyo amakamela anomcibisholo owodwa inkulu kakhulu, kepha, ingxenye enkulu, ihlala esomisweni. Bangabonakala eChina, Pakistan, India, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, Iran, Algeria, Australia naseGobi Desert. Bazama ukuhlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Kodwa-ke, inani labo lehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yokuthi abantu abasezifundeni ezomile bathathe indawo eduzane namanzi, ngakho-ke abanandawo yokugcwalisa amasheya abo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Isilwane esisodwa esikhamulile ukungathobeki ekudleni, ngoba esomisweni kuncane kakhulu ungathola okungcono kunameva. I-dromedary isetshenziselwa ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nemibala. Lapho sondla, isilwane cishe asikuhlafuni ukudla, futhi siwela esiswini sangaphambili, lapho sicutshungulwa ngokuphelele.
Ngenxa yalokhu, imetabolism yekamela ifana nohlelo lwezinkomazi, noma kungeyona eyalo. Cishe, ukugaya kwe-dromedar kwakhula ngokwehlukana. Amakamela adla ukudla okunzima, okungadleki. Lapho kubanda, baqala ukudla amaqabunga kapoplar noma umhlanga. Uma zingekho izitshalo eduze, zingondla izikhumba zezilwane ezifile.
Amakamela angaphila isikhathi esingangenyanga ngaphandle kwamanzi, kepha lapho-ke adinga ukugcwalisa ngokushesha izindawo zawo zoketshezi. Futhi abanandaba kakhulu nekhwalithi yamanzi. Amakamela asendle aphuza emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, ngisho nalawo abunjiwe.
Amakamela akhafula futhi lokhu kuyimpawu yawo yokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwamathe, ikamela likhafula izinhlayiya zokudla ezingadliwe. Ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sokuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi, angaphila ngaphandle kokudla cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu, esebenzisa izinqolobane zakhe.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi se-rutting siqala ekwindla. Okwamanje, zinolaka kakhulu futhi ziyingozi kubantu. Kwakunezimo lapho ama-dromedaries anjalo ahlasela izingcingo futhi athathe abesifazane abaningana. Manje basebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ukubadambisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bavame kakhulu ukulwa nabanye besilisa ngobuholi nabesifazane.
Ukukhwelana kuvamise ukwenzeka ebusika, njengoba kunemvula eningi enamandla. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, owesifazane uyakhulelwa, isikhathi sokumitha siyizinsuku ezingama-360 - 440. Imvamisa kuzalwa ingane eyodwa, amawele ayivelakancane. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokuzalwa, usana olusanda kuzalwa seluvele lungahamba nabantu abadala.
Umama wondla ikamela elincane ubisi cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Izingane ziqala ukudla izitshalo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ingaphinda izale. Insikazi ivuthwa cishe eminyakeni emithathu ubudala, abesilisa abaneminyaka emi-5-6 ubudala. Impilo ngokwesilinganiso yiminyaka engama-40-50.
Ikamela liyisilwane esithakazelisa kakhulu. Iphila ezimeni ezinzima zokuntuleka kwamanzi nokudla njalo, ukushisa nokoma. Ungayibona kumaseksi, ama-zoo noma uye eGibhithe ohambweni lwamakamela.
Enye indlela ethokozisayo yokubona amakamela ukundiza uye e-Afrika ohambweni lwasehlane ngemoto. Lapho kuzokwenzeka hhayi ukubabheka kuphela, kepha futhi nokucabanga ngempilo yabo, ubudlelwane nezihlobo, izinkinga ababhekana nazo.
