Izinambuzane zihlala emhlabeni, ezifana nomjikelezo wazo wempilo isigaba sokuvela kohlobo lwazo. Lezi zinambuzane zifaka phakathi i-sawfly beetle. Lezi zinambuzane zihlangene ngokulandelana kweHymenoptera, okungaphansi kwesisu esihleli. I-sawfly iyinambuzane yomhlabathi wehlathi kanye nezitshalo zezolimo. Kufanele wazi isitha ngokubona, ngakho-ke ake sikhulume ngaleli bhungane kabanzi.
Ukubukeka kwebhungane
Lo mndeni omkhulu wamabhungane ufaka abantu bezinhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ubukhulu be-sawfly beetle bungahluka kusuka kumamilimitha amabili kuya kwangu-32. Igama "isisu esihleli" livela eqinisweni lokuthi ikhanda labo alihlukaniswa okhalweni oluncane "lwe-aspen" emzimbeni, lapho kubonakala kuminyene khona. Ikhanda likhulu, lihambahamba, linamehlo amabili amakhulu futhi amathathu alula ngaphambili. Intshebe i-filiform noma i-bristle.
Imihlathi ikhule kahle futhi iqine ngokwanele. Amaphiko amabili asobala, awasongi. Kwabesifazane, i-sawtooth ovipositor ifihliwe esiswini, lapho besika ngayo. Abesilisa abanayo i-ovipositor, esikhundleni somgodi banalo ipuleti. Ngenkathi i-sawfly isesigabeni sesibungu, umzimba wayo ubukeka njengesibungu sevemvane, ubizwa kanjalo kulesi sigaba sokuthuthuka - isibungu samanga.
Kodwa i-sawfly inezimbili zemilenze ezi-6-8, kuyilapho amacimbi angempela enale mihlanu noma ngaphansi kuphela. Futhi, isibungu se-sawfly sinamehlo amabili kuphela, kanti isibungu sinamehlo ayisithupha. Isibungu se-sawfly esine-mucous sinombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi sinokuqina okuncane, ku i-cherry sawfly umbala wezibungu uluhlaza ngomugqa ngemuva.
Esithombeni, izibungu ze-sawfly yama-cherry
Ngabe iplamu sawfly izibungu azikho "slimy" kangako, ziphuzi ngokunsundu, nemilenze eveziwe. Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle, izinhlobo eziningi zama-sawflies zibukeka njengeminyovu noma izinyosi, isibonelo i-birch sawfly... Izithelo nazo zinemivimbo ephuzi, efana nesinambuzane esilumayo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Abamele i-sawfly bavame emazweni amaningi, cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Zikhetha izindawo ezifudumele nezibandayo. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-850 zihlala eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia, eYurophu, e-Algeria naseCaucasus. Ezinye zezinhlobo zezimpungushe zihlala enyakatho ekude. Izilwane zaseFinland zibalelwa ezinhlotsheni ezingaba ngu-700 zama-sawflies, kanti eRussia la mabhungane amelwe yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2 000. Imindeni engashadile ihlala eNingizimu Melika nase-Australia.
Esithombeni kukhona i-sawfly yezithelo
Ngokuvamile, indawo yokuhlala incike ekutholakaleni kokudla okudingekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, iphayiphu elibomvu likaphayini uhlala nomaphi lapho kukhona ama-conifers - ikakhulukazi ingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia, iCaucasus, iSiberia. Uhlala nase-Asia naseJapane, futhi eminyakeni engama-50 edlule wavela eNyakatho Melika.
Iningi lezibungu zezimpungushe ezivamile zihlala ezinhlotsheni zezihlahla ezinqabayo. Ngakho-ke, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe nalawo anqabile aba yindawo yawo yokuhlala, lapho kukhula khona i-alder, i-oki, i-willow, i-birch.
Esithombeni, ibhungane lowesilisa
Kukhona uhlobo oluhlukile rose sawfly, okuyi, njengoba igama lisho, uhlala ngqo ezindaweni lapho kukhula khona ama-rose nama rose rose. Ngegama lohlobo, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi iziphi izihlahla noma izihlahlana lesi sinambuzane esihlala kuzo.
Indlela Yokuphila
Izibungu ze-sawfly ziyazalwa bese ziqala ukudla. Ngendlela yabo yokuphila, bayafana nezimvemvane, futhi ngokujwayelekile umugqa wabo wentuthuko uyafana, izifunda zokuhlala kuphela ziyahluka - izimvemvane zine-thermophilic ethe xaxa.
Izibungu ezihlala emaqabungeni ezihlahla ziletha umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni. Ngenkathi evumayo, kungakhula kuze kufike ezizukulwaneni ezine ze-sawfly, edla amahlamvu kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Izibungu zeSawfly zivikelwe ezitheni zombala nangezindlela ezithile. Bekhathazekile ngokuthile, baphakamisa ingaphambili noma emuva kwesigaxa, futhi wonke umuntu uzivikela nganoma iyiphi indlela akwazi ngayo. I-birch sawfly inombala oluhlaza nomugqa omnyama emhlane wayo, futhi, uma ihlaselwa, ifafaza imifudlana yegazi elinoshevu.
Esithombeni kukhona i-sawfly enhle
I-sawfly esenyakatho isabisa isitha esingahle sibe khona ngokuthi abantu abaningana ngasikhathi sinye bagoba futhi bagoqe umzimba ngokucijile. Ngakho-ke, umhlaseli unombono wokuthi isisulu sakhe asisincane kangako futhi kusobala ukuthi sinzima kakhulu kuye. Ezinye izibungu zivikelwe ngengubo yokugcwala noma amafinyila anuka kabi.
Ngesikhathi sokondla nokuhlala esitshalweni, izibungu zingenza izimbobo kuso - ezimayini, bese ugoqa amaqabunga abe amashubhu. Imvamisa kuthatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi isibungu se-sawfly sidle ngokwanele bese sehla esihlahleni singene emhlabathini, lapho sizokwakha khona umfece, lapho sizodlala khona noma silinde isikhathi esifanele.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Mayelana nokudla okunempilo, wonke ama-sawflies afana ngento eyodwa - wonke angumuthi odlisayo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ziphila ngezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezilinyiwe nezasendle futhi zilimaza izingxenye zazo. I-sawfly eshelelayo iyawathanda amaqabunga ezitshalo zezithelo ezifana nepheya, i-cherry, i-quince, iplamu, i-cherry emnandi nezinye.
Enye ye-sawflies yezithelo i-pear weaver, ithinta kakhulu ipheya, kodwa futhi iyenzeka esihlahleni se-apula. Izindlela zokulawula iSawfly Lezi zinhlobo ziyinkimbinkimbi impela - udinga ukuqoqa bese ushisa wonke amahlamvu lapho kungahle kube khona izidleke zezinambuzane.
I-sawfly ye-gooseberry ihlala ikakhulukazi esihlahleni segama elifanayo, noma ithinta ama-currants abomvu. Izimpungushe zingadla ziqede amaqabunga ezitshalo, kusale kuphela imithambo ejiyile. Ngenxa yalokhu, asikho isidingo sokulinda noma yisiphi isivuno, futhi izihlahlana ezibuthakathaka kungenzeka zingaphili ebusika.
Esithombeni, isibungu se-sawfly rose
Uhlobo oluhlukile lweplamu sawfly londla uginindela we-ovary. Amaqanda abekwe ezimbali zezimbali aba izibungu futhi adle izithelo zamatshe ngaphakathi. Kulokhu, leli berry ligcwele uketshezi, okuwumphumela womsebenzi obalulekile wesibungu.
Enye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu kwezolimo - isinkwa se-sawfly... Owesifazane osekhulile uthelela iziqu ezingenalutho zikakolweni, ibhali, i-oats ngamaqanda. Isinambuzane esisodwa esidala ngakho konakalisa ama-spikelets angama-30-50. Ngaphandle kokuthi isibungu se-sawfly sinamandla kakhulu, isinambuzane esidala cishe asondli. Ngaphandle kokuthi kwesinye isikhathi aqoqe umpe ezimbalini. Incazelo yempilo yakhe ukuzala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ama-sawflies azokhwelana, kuthi owesifazane abeke amaqanda, izinhlobo ezihlukile ziyahlukahluka ngesibalo. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ngokwahlukana, ngakunye wenza ukusikeka okuhlukile eqabungeni, emhlathini noma esiqwini sesitshalo.
Esithombeni, i-sawfly yesinkwa
Ufaka uphawu ephaketheni elingajwayelekile ngeqanda elinezimfihlo ezivikela iqanda nesitshalo ekonakaleni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusika kuyaqina, bese iqanda likhula selivele lingaphakathi kwesitshalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinsabanikazi zesifazane (ngokwesibonelo, i-Australia) ziqala zigade i-clutch yazo, zime ngaphezu kwayo. Imvamisa, kudlula izinsuku eziyi-9-11 ngaphambi kokuchamisela.
Izibungu ezichanyuselwe ziqala ukudla izicubu zesitshalo esiseduzane nazo. Uma iqanda selibekiwe eqabungeni, lesi sibungu sizoqala ukulidla. Ngemuva kokudla, izibungu zehlela emhlabathini ukuyofunda, lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izibungu zakha imifece ikakhulukazi ngothuli, indle yazo namathe.
Maphakathi nehlobo, isizukulwane sesibili sezibungu sizovela kulawa makhokho, azophinda ahlasele lesi sitshalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezikahle, i-sawfly ingachamusela izizukulwane ezine zezibungu. Ebusika, izibungu zakha ukhukhunathi ongajulile emhlabathini, bese zilinda isithwathwa lapho. Uma kunezimo ezingezinhle, lezi zibungu zingahlala kumkhuhlane kuze kube unyaka olandelayo, ngaleyo ndlela zakhe indawo yokubekisela izinhlobo zazo futhi kulondolozwe abantu. I-sawfly endala iphila izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, kanti isibungu singaphila iminyaka engu-1-2.
