Ingwe yase-Asia Ephakathi, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingwe yaseCaucasus (Panthera pardus ciscaucasica), iyisilwane esincelisayo somndeni wakwaFelidae. Le subspecies yengwe ihlala ikakhulu entshonalanga ye-Asia futhi ingummeleli wesiteleka, kepha ongavamile kakhulu wohlobo lwe-Panther.
Incazelo yengwe yase-Asia Ephakathi
Izingwe zase-Asia Ephakathi namuhla ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezincane zezingwe emhlabeni wethu.... Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba wesilwane esidla ezinye singahluka phakathi kuka-126-171 cm, kepha abanye abameleli bezinhlayiya bafinyelela ku-180-183 cm ngosayizi, nobude bomsila obungu-94-116 cm. 0-21.8 cm.Isilinganiso sobude besikhumba esiphakeme sowesilisa singama-68-75 mm, kanti leso sowesifazane singama-64-67 mm.
Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesidalwa ekubuneni kufinyelela ku-76 cm, ngesisindo esingeqile ku-68-70 kg. ESoviet Union, ingwe yaziwa njenge- "Caucasian" noma "Near Asian", enegama lesiLatini elithi Panthera pardus ciscaucasica noma i-Panthera pardus Tulliana. Yize kunjalo, emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga, kwaqalwa ukusetshenziswa igama elihluke ngokuphelele lesilo sasendle esidla inyama - ingwe "yasePheresiya", enegama lesiLatini elithi Panthera pardus saxicolor.
Ukubukeka
Umbala woboya basebusika bengwe yase-Asia Ephakathi ulula kakhulu, ucishe uphaphatheke, futhi isizinda esiyinhloko sombala o-grey-buffy. Kwesinye isikhathi kunabantu abanoboya obumpunga obukhanyayo ngombala obomvu noma onesihlabathi, othuthukiswa kakhulu endaweni engemuva. Kwabanye abameleli be-subspecies, isizinda esikhanyayo esimhlophe esimhlophe sejazi siyisici, esikhumbuza umbala wengwe yeqhwa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Iphethini enamachashaza engemuva jikelele yakhiwa ngamachashaza angajwayelekile, okuvame ukuthi angabi mnyama ngokuphelele, kepha imvamisa anombala onsundu. Inkambu yangaphakathi yamabala anjenge-rosette, njengomthetho, ayimnyama kunombala wesizinda esiyinhloko sejazi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ezimnyama nezikhanyayo zombala ziyabonakala.
Uhlobo olukhanyayo lombala lujwayelekile futhi luhlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwesizinda soboya obumpunga obunombala omncane obomvu. Endaweni engemuva, ngaphambili, ijazi lelo limnyama ngokwengeziwe. Amabala amaningi aqinile futhi mancane, anobubanzi obumaphakathi obungeqi ngaphezu kuka-20 mm.
Zonke izindawo ezifana ne-rosette zakhiwa ngamabala amancane amathathu kuya kwamahlanu. Iphuzu lomsila lihlukaniswa ngamasongo amnyama amathathu kuya kwamane, acishe aphelele futhi ambozwe. Eduze kwe-sacrum, kanye nasengxenyeni emaphakathi engemuva, kukhona imigqa emikhulu, engu-2.5 x 4.0 cm, enamabala abonakalisiwe.
Izilwane ezinohlobo olumnyama lombala zihlukaniswa ngesizinda esibomvu futhi esimnyama soboya. Amachashaza esikhunjeni sesilwane esincelisayo ikakhulukazi, amakhulu, uhlobo oluqinile, cishe ubukhulu obungu-3.0 cm. Amabala anjalo awavamile ngemuva. Izindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke esifundeni se-sacrum zifinyelela usayizi we-8.0 x 4.0 cm. Inani elibalulekile lamabala afana ne-rosette akhiwa ngamasongo agcwele futhi achazwe kahle. Ukumakwa okuguqukayo endaweni yomsila kucishe kukumboze ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Indawo engokwemvelo yezingwe zaseCentral Asia ngamadlelo asezingeni eliphansi, izindawo ezinamahlathi ezinqabayo kanye namahlathi aminyene ezihlahleni... Njengomthetho, lezi zidalwa ezincelisayo zihlala endaweni eyodwa futhi efanayo cishe kukho konke ukuphila kwazo, azulazuli zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye. Abameleli abanjalo bomndeni we-feline, uhlobo lwe-Panther nezinhlobo ze-Leopards banamandla okwenza ushintsho olungenamsebenzi, behambisana nesisulu sabo.
Esikhathini esiningi, izingwe zase-Asia Ephakathi zihlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abangashadile, kepha zizama ukugwema izindawo ezineqhwa kakhulu. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wesilwane esidlayo esikhulu liwela ikakhulu kusihlwa futhi lihlala kuze kube sekuseni.
Ezimweni zesimo sezulu esipholile kakhulu, isilwane singavela ngokuzingela ngisho naphakathi nesikhathi sasemini. Isitayela esikhulu sokuzingela esisetshenziswa yisilwane esinje simelwe ngokubuka inyamazane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ingwe yase-Asia Ephakathi ingayijaha inyamazane yayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Oxhumana nabo ezingwe zaseCentral Asia banamandla kakhulu, ngakho izilwane ezinjalo azikwazi nje kuphela ukugcina ukuxhumana okuseduze "nomakhelwane" bazo, kodwa futhi nokulandela imininingwane ephathelene nezinye izingwe.
Umbango noma ukungqubuzana kwendawo ngabesifazane kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha kunoma yiziphi ezinye izimo, izilwane ezizingelayo ziyakwazi ukubingelelana kunalokho ngobumnene. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunyakaza kwezingwe zaseCentral Asia kuyacaca, kucace bha futhi akuvumeli ukungafani, okubangelwa amandla emvelo, amandla, kanye nosayizi omkhulu womele umndeni wakwaFeline. Ngenkathi yokubingelela, izilwane ezinjalo zihogelana izihlathi namakhala, zihlikihle ngomlomo wazo, izinhlangothi noma amakhanda. Kwesinye isikhathi kuneminyakazo ethile yokudlala ehambisana nesimo esihle sengqondo.
Ziphila isikhathi eside kangakanani izingwe zaseCaucasus?
Isilinganiso sokuphila esivunyelwe ngokwesayensi sabamele imiphakathi yengwe yase-Asia Ephakathi ezimeni zemvelo asidluli iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, futhi irekhodi eliqoshiwe ekuthunjweni lineminyaka engama-24 kuphela.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesilisa bengwe yase-Asia Ephakathi bahlukile kwabesifazane bale nsika ekukhuleni okunzima kakhulu kwemisipha, usayizi omkhulu womzimba nogebhezi olukhulu kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izingwe zase-Asia Ephakathi zazihlala ezindaweni ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele, ezazimele izindawo zaseCaucasus nase-Central Asia. Manje kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe ukhona yini umngcele ojwayelekile phakathi kwezindawo ezisatshalalisiwe, ngoba okwamanje inani lommeleli omkhulu womndeni we-feline lehle kakhulu. Uma sicabangela indawo yokuhlala yabantu baseCaucasus yengwe enjalo, khona-ke izindawo ezinentaba nezintaba ezinkulu zingabonakala.
Kwesinye isikhathi, izilwane ezinjalo ezidla ezinye nezinkulu zitholakala ezindaweni eziyizicaba noma ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.... Ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, ezindaweni eziphakathi kweNovorossiysk neTuapse, kunendawo ebizwa ngokuthi umngcele osenyakatho wobubanzi babameleli bezinhlobo ezincane zezingwe. Inwebeka ngasempumalanga, idlula izindawo ezingenhla zemifula iKura, iLaba neTerek, kanye noMfula iBelaya, ngemuva kwalokho uhlala emanzini oLwandle iCaspian eduze kwaseMakhachkala. Esigodini sase-Araks, abamele ama-subspecies bahlala ezintabeni ezingenamithi nezilahlekile.
Ukudla kwengwe yase-Asia Ephakathi
Ukudla kwezingwe zase-Asia Ephakathi kususelwa kuma-ungulates asezingeni eliphakathi, kufaka phakathi izinyamazane, izinsephe, izinkawu, izimbuzi ze-bezoar, kanye nezinqama zezintaba zaseCaucasus (iDagestan neKuban tur) nezingulube zasendle.
Phakathi kokunye, inyamazane encane impela ivame ukufakwa ekudleni kwabamele abomndeni wakwaFelidae, uhlobo lwePanther, uhlobo lweNgwe kanye nezinhlobo ezincane zengwe yaseMpumalanga. Isilwane esidlayo singazingela ngisho namagundane, izinyoni kanye nezingungumbane, kanye nezidliwayo ezincane, ezimelwe izimpungushe, izimpungushe nama-mustelids, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuhlaselwa kwezinkawu, amahhashi asekhaya nezimvu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kanye nozakwabo wase-Afrika, izingwe, lapho zihlasela, zime ngezinyawo zazo zangemuva, kanti ezingaphambili zisetshenziselwa ukushaya ngozipho abesabekayo, abakhulu kakhulu, okuyisikhali sangempela.
Ukwethulwa kwesidalwa esikhulu esiyingozi ezinhlelweni zemvelo ze-Western Caucasus, ngokwesiko ezazi kahle izivakashi eziningi, kungadala imiphumela emibi. Umlando wobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu nezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo ukhombisa ukuthi izilwane ezinjalo kumele zibe ngaphansi kolawulo oluzinzile kanye nengcindezi evela ekuzingeleni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izingwe ezindala zase-Central Asia zizobheka abantu njengezisulu ezingaba yisisulu. Kungenxa yokwesaba abantu kuphela okwenziwe ezizukulwaneni zezilwane ezinjalo, izilwane ezinkulu zizama ukugwema imihlangano ejwayelekile kakhulu nabantu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokuzalisa izingwe zase-Asia Ephakathi asigcini kunoma yisiphi isikhathi esithile sonyaka, ngakho-ke, isikhathi senzalo sinqunywa yibanga lonke lezinto ezijwayelekile zangaphandle, ezibandakanya ukutholakala kwezilwane isikhathi eside ngokwanele nezimo zezulu ezikahle, ezikahle. Kudoti owodwa, kuzalwa amazinyane ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayisithupha.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izikhawu phakathi kwawo wonke udoti azikwazi ukuba mfushane kunonyaka owodwa nohhafu. Abesilisa abadala bengwe yase-Central Asia, njengomthetho, ababambiqhaza ekukhuliseni amazinyane abo noma banakekele inzalo yabo ekhulayo. Ekuzalweni kwengane, insikazi ikhetha indawo eyimfihlo kakhulu, evame ukusetshenziselwa umsele noma umhume onamadwala onethezekile. Esikhathini esiningi, indawo yokukhosela enjalo itholakala eduze komthombo wamanzi.
Cishe emva kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, amantshontsho asevele aqala ukuhambisana nonina, azinza ngokucophelela endaweni ehlala kuyo... Zisencane kangaka, izingwe zase-Asia Ephakathi zisencane ngosayizi futhi aziqinile kakhulu, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukunqoba okungekho ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ama-3-4 ngosuku. Ukwazi lokhu okuhlukile kwenzalo yabo, abesifazane, ngemuva koshintsho olufushane, khetha indawo yokukhosela ethembekile yamazinyane okuphumula.
Njengoba amantshontsho ekhula futhi ekhula kahle, isilwane esincelisayo esidlayo siya singafuneki kakhulu ezimweni zezindawo zokukhosela ezisetshenziswa kuzinguquko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingwe esezikhulile sezivele zikwazi ukumboza amabanga ahloniphekile ngaphandle kokukhathala nesidingo sokuphumula. Amakati angadla ubisi lukamama kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha, kepha ayazi ukunambitheka kokudla kwenyama kusuka enyangeni eyodwa nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Muva nje, sekushicilelwe imininingwane eqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwezingwe zase-Asia Ephakathi, yize zingajwayelekile, kepha ukuxhumana njalo nezihlobo ngenkathi kugcinwa izibopho zomndeni eziqinile, ngakho-ke amadodakazi nomama asebekhulile bayakwazi ukujabulela imihlangano enjalo.
Ngemuva kokuthi amawundlu engwe yase-Asia Ephakathi anezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, azama ukuzihambela, kodwa isibalo esikhulu sezilwane ezisencane sihlala sisondelene nonina futhi asimshiyi isikhathi eside. Amaphuphu ahlukana kuphela uma izingwe sezinonyaka owodwa nohhafu kuya kwemibili ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo
ECaucasus, izingwe ezingavamile zase-Central Asia zazisabalele kwaze kwaba muva nje futhi zazihlala cishe zonke izindawo ezinezintaba. Noma kunjalo, ukuqothulwa okunamandla nokubukelwa phansi ngumsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu besisekelo sokudla kwalesi silwane esidlayo ezindaweni eziningi kwasusa ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwabantu besilwane esidlayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu nengwe kwaba namandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke isilwane sasendle savunyelwa ukubulawa kungakhathalekile isikhathi sonyaka futhi nganoma iyiphi indlela, kufaka phakathi izibhamu, izithiyo ezinobuthi kanye nezihibe ezikhethekile zokubamba.
Izimbangi ezinkulu, kanye nezimbangi eziqondile zekati elinamabala angavamile, zifaka ezinye izilwane zasendle ezidla ezinye, ezimelwe yizingwe namabhubesi, izimpisi ezinamabala, kanye nezingwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe izingwe eziyishumi zase-Asia Ephakathi manje ziseTurkey, kanti isibalo samanje sabantu abancane bezingwe manje silinganiselwa kubantu abayi-870-1300 kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, cishe zingu-550-850 izilwane ezihlala e-Iran, ezingekho ngaphezu kwezilwane ezingama-90-100 eTurkmenistan, cishe abantu abayi-10-13 e-Azerbaijan, 200-300 e-Afghanistan, 10-13 e-Armenia eGeorgia, azikho ngaphezu kwezinhlanu izilwane ezincelisayo njengezilwane ezizingelayo.
Namuhla, ama-subspecies angavamile engwe yase-Central Asia afakwe ohlwini lweSithasiselo I se-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, futhi asengozini (CITES). Kuzo zonke izifundazwe, indawo ehlala omele umndeni wakwaFeline nohlobo lwamaPherher, ingaphansi kokuvikelwa okukhethekile. Emakhasini eRed Book yaseRussia, lezi zinhlobo ezincane zengwe zifakiwe njengezilwane ezisengozini, ngakho-ke, kubhekiswe ngokufanele esigabeni sokuqala.
