Umuntu uvame ukuphatha imvelo njengomthengi. Futhi ezilwaneni zethu kunezidalwa ezinje esazi kuphela ngokubuka kokudla. Zincane ngosayizi, kepha ziwusizo kakhulu futhi zihlwabusayo - lezi yizimfanzi. Si-oda isidlo esinezinhlanzi zasolwandle endaweni yokudlela, sizithenga ngeholidi ngesaladi, sizidla ngokuzithandela, kepha sazi okuncane ngazo.
Futhi lezi zidalwa ziphila impilo ethakazelisa kakhulu, futhi ngasinye sazo sihlukile ngendlela yaso. Umlando wokuthandwa kwabo ususelwe esikhathini esedlule. Ngisho nabantu basendulo babebhekwa njengama-gourmets ezitsha ze-shrimp. Kunezincwadi ezindala zokupheka zamaGrikhi asendulo, lapho izindlela zokupheka zazo zibhalwa ngokuningiliziwe. Kuphela abakaze bawabilise, kepha bawathosa noma bawabhaka.
Igama elithi "imfanzi" livelaphi? Mhlawumbe kwafika kithi kusuka olimini lwesiFulentshi kusuka egameni elithi "crevette". Noma kusuka kumusho wasendulo waseRussia wasePomor othi "crooked et ka" - "amajika anje." Lawa angama-crustaceans amancane atholakala kuwo womabili usawoti namanzi ahlanzekile.
Ama-Shrimps angukudla okuthandayo hhayi kwabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nempilo yasolwandle ehlukahlukene. Ngenhlanhla, ziyanda futhi ziyaqina kangangokuba azinciphi. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zitholakala endaweni yaseRussia, eMpumalanga Ekude nasolwandle olusenyakatho. Omunye wabo - imfanzi enomsila. Ungumfanzi wamanzi abandayo wase-Okhotsk.
Incazelo nezici
I-heroine yethu ingukudla okuthandayo kwe-pollock ne-cod. Inyama yayo iqukethe izinto eziningi zokulandela umkhondo kanye nama-omega-3 acid. Futhi ngokungafani namanye ama-crustaceans, le shrimp ayizondli ngokufa, idla kuphela ukudla okusha. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle zazi kahle ukuthi inyama enjalo inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Ngokutholakala kwezakhamzimba kuwo, kukude kakhulu nenyama yezimfanzi zaseMedithera.
I-Angle-tailed ibizwa ngenxa yokuthi umsila usekhoneni lomzimba. I-cephalothorax ifushane kakhulu kunesisu. Ubukeka ehlakaniphile. Imfanzi encane inombala okhanyayo opinki, oguqukayo, imivimbo emincane ebomvu ebomvu etholakala egobolondweni.
Emanzini, njengezimfanzi eziningi, ingashintsha umbala omncane, isuke ku-tint empunga eduze ezansi, iye kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka eduze kwe-algae. Ngasikhathi sinye, ihlala ingaguquki. Lokhu kungukuzifihla okukhulu. Ngeminyaka yobudala, angathola umthunzi ozuzisa kakhulu endaweni yakhe yokuhlala, futhi umbala wakheka ngenxa yokudla okudliwayo. Ngokuvamile, umbala ompunga oluhlaza okotshani.
Yize eyi-decapod, uvame ukuba nemilenze eminingi. Amapheya amahlanu emilenze ye-thoracic asetshenziselwa ukuqhuma, amapheya amathathu emilenze yekhanda - ukuvikela nokuzingela, namabili emilenze yomsila nomsila uqobo - ukubhukuda. Abesilisa basebenzisa imilenze emibili yekhanda ukuzala.
Ubukhulu be-Angle Tailed Shrimp kuya ngeminyaka yakhe. Ngonyaka wokuqala nohhafu, zingama-4-5 cm, ngemuva konyaka - 7.5 cm, futhi eminyakeni engu-3.5 - 8-9 cm Ngalesi sikhathi, isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-8 amagremu. Kunabantu ngabanye abayi-10-11 cm ubude.amaqanda ayo anombala oluhlaza sasibhakabhaka.
Isici sabo esimangalisa kakhulu ukukwazi kwabo ukushintsha ubulili. Bonke bangabesilisa abazelwe. Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ezinye zazo zizalwa kabusha zibe abesifazane. Lezi zinhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-protandric hermaphrodites.
Imfanzi enomsila we-engeli esithombeni ingakhombisa ukubukeka okuhlukile okungu-7. Lezi zingaki izigaba zokukhula isibungu esidlula ngaphambi kokuvuthwa. Ukukhula, kuguqula hhayi kuphela ubulili, kepha futhi nendawo yokuhlala, ungqimba ngongqimba olukhuphukela ebusweni bolwandle. Nokho, ngesikhathi sasemini uzama ukuhlala eduze ezansi echibini, kuphephe kakhudlwana lapho.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2000 zala ma-crustaceans. Cishe azikachazwa ngisho namanje. Ukuba ngesinye sezilwane eziyivelakancane emhlabeni, zivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila, zingashintsha kusuka kolunye uhlobo ziye kolunye (umfula uye olwandle, futhi okuphambene nalokho), futhi ziyaqina kakhulu.
Zonke zingama-decapods amancane, izilwane ezihleleke kakhulu. Ubukhulu be-Shrimp busuka ku-2 kuye ku-30 cm.Umzimba ucindezelwe kusuka ezinhlangothini. Amehlo aphuma kancane, imvamisa kunezimpondo nezinzipho. Zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu - amanzi abandayo namanzi afudumele.
Kunamanzi angenasawoti nolwandle, ezansi neplanktonic, abantu abangajulile nolwandle olujulile. Phakathi kokugcina kunezinto eziningi ezikhanyayo. Ngokubukeka kwazo, zibukeka njengama-crustaceans amancane, zikhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kuphela, futhi zinomlomo onamazinyo. Ake sicabangele izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu:
1. Imfanzi yeZualiselingisa inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Uthatha umbala ofanayo nowendawo yakhe. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukungabonakali esitheni.
2. I-Alfeus shrimp ilwa nezitha ngendlela ehlukile. Unozipho olulodwa olukhulu kunolunye. Ukuba semhlambini, ama-crustaceans akhipha ngokuchofoza kwalesi sinzipho, esixosha izivakashi ezingamenyiwe kubo.
3. Tiger imfanzi emnyama - enkulu kunazo zonke. Ikhula ize ifike ku-36 cm futhi isisindo sayo cishe siyi-650 gram. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Kuyisisulu esifiselekayo kubantu nasempilweni yasolwandle.
Futhi amagama ambalwa mayelana ne-aquarium nezimfanzi zokuhlobisa. Abazalisi balima izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke, ama-crustaceans athinteka kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kunezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, ungathenga umuntu omuhle kakhulu nge-aquarium yakho. Imvamisa ziyahlukahluka ngombala.
Isibonelo, kukhona imfanzi emhlophe - iparele elimhlophe qhwa nelimhlophe. Kunezimfanzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - iparele eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ihlosi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nje. Kunezimfanzi eziluhlaza, eziphuzi, ezibomvu.
Kunezimfanzi eziyikhadinali, udokotela, inyosi enkulu, inyosi, ipanda, iwayini elibomvu neruby elibomvu, idada le-mandarin, i-orange, imigqa ngisho neKing Kong. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ilukuluku elinjalo ekhaya, kufanele ufunde ukuthi ungabanakekela kanjani. Ezimweni eziningi, yonke imiyalo isuselwa ekubhekeni izinga lokushisa nobumsulwa bamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukuphila kwezimfanzi ezinomsila we-engela emanzini apholile, ikakhulu igxile oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Kodwa-ke, kungabonakala kwamanye amanzi oLwandlekazi iPacific, ngokwesibonelo, oLwandle iBering. Umsila omubi awuthandi nje usawoti, kodwa amanzi anosawoti kakhulu. Ukuhlala esikhaleni sedamu, kuqondiswa ukushisa kwamanzi. Uma amanzi efudunyezwa ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, ahlala ezansi, lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala lingekho ngaphezu kwama-4 degrees.
Ukugeleza nakho kubalulekile kuye. Ukhetha noma umfula obuthakathaka wamanzi osondele ezansi, noma onqenqemeni lomfudlana onamandla lapho ezingela. Ukuphumula nokuthula, bacasha ekhefini ngezansi. Ukufuduka kwezimfanzi ezincane kusuka phansi kuya emuva kusebenza kakhulu kunakubantu abadala.
Lezi zokugcina zingahlala ezansi izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese zivuka izinsuku ezimbalwa. Akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Bachitha ngezikhathi ezithile i-carapace yabo, eye yaqina, futhi bakha enye ebanzi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Lezi zidalwa ezingakhathali zenza indima yokuhleleka emanzini olwandle. Izimfanzi ezincane zikhipha izinambuzane, i-tubifex, noma ama-bloodworms emhlabathini ongaphansi; abadala badla ama-crustaceans amancane.
Lokhu kunikeza imizimba yabo i-chitin edingekayo yokuqinisa igobolondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangazikhethela isitshalo esinamakhasi amakhulu bese behamba ngamacembe aso, besisuse e-flat snail fluke (snail leech). Futhi ulwelwe ngokwalo lungaba yinto edliwayo.
Ukuthola ukudla, izimfanzi zisebenzisa izitho zephunga nezokuthinta. Lezi yizimpondo zempondo, abathola ngazo futhi bahlole inyamazane. Inqubo yokuthola ukudla iyathakazelisa. Zigijima ngenjabulo ngezansi, bese ziqala ukubhukuda ngamandla zizungeze imibuthano, zandisa kancane ububanzi bazo.
Ekugcineni, bakuthola ukudla bese bekufica begxumeke kakhulu. Mhlawumbe le ndlela yokuzingela ingenxa yokubona kwakhe okubuthakathaka. Imfanzi "ikama" yasolwandle, inethemba lezinye izinzwa.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi izimfanzi ezilambile ngobuningi zihlasele izinhlanzi ezincane. Kepha imfanzi emsila ayidli izidumbu njengezinye izinhlobo zemfanzi. Lo mkhuba wobukhosi wenza inyama yakhe ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ibe mnandi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba sekushiwo, ngeminyaka emithathu, izimfanzi ziqala ukuhlukaniswa zibe ngabantu besifazane nabesilisa. Ngokubukeka, zihlukile ngosayizi, insikazi inkudlwana, inomsila obanzi nezinhlangothi ezi-convex. Imfanzi, elungele ukukhwelwa, nayo ihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwamaqanda ngaphansi kwesisu.
Kwesinye isikhathi isisindo sazo siyingxenye yesithathu yesisindo semfanzi uqobo. Imisila yabesifazane ikhipha ama-pheromone akhethekile emanzini, nokuyisiqalo sesikhathi sokukhwelana. Iphunga labo likhanga abesilisa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimpi ezinodlame phakathi kwalezo. Futhi onqobayo akusiye njalo ubaba.
Imvamisa, lo ngumphikisi oshesha kakhulu. Uzithoba ngobuciko emhlane wakhe. Uma engazange amxoshe, ungene ngaphansi kwesisu sakhe bese "wethula" isidoda. Ukukhwelana kuthatha imizuzwana engama-40.
Amaqanda avundisiwe ngenani lamakhulu ezinkulungwane eziyikhulu ekuqaleni aluhlaza ngokukhanyayo ngombala. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amaqanda angenalutho ahlukanisiwe, futhi amaqanda esikhathi esizayo aba mnyama. Yonke inqubo yokuvuthwa ingahlala kusuka emavikini amane kuya kwayisithupha, kuya ngezimo zamanzi, izinga lokushisa kanye nosawoti.
Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda amaningi amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aguquka kancane kancane abe izibungu zezimfanzi. Ukuguqula umuntu omdala, badinga ukudlula kwezinye izigaba eziyi-7. Ezinye izigaba zinamagama.
Isibonelo, isibungu esincane sokubhukuda sibizwa ngokuthi yi-zoea, sesivele sikwazi ukubhukuda, sine-cephalothorax, izingxenye zesisu, kepha izitho zaso azikakhiwa. Akakwazi ukuzifunela ukudla, kepha angabamba ukudla okuntanta.
Izibungu zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, zivame ukuncibilika. Kancane kancane, baba nezitho zekhanda nezomsila. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-misis, kuvela izitho zesifuba noma zesisu.
Ngemuva kokunqoba ngempumelelo izigaba ezedlule, isibungu singena kwesokugcina, okuthiwa i-decapodite. Ngaphandle, usevele ubukeka njengomuntu omdala. Yena ngokwakhe angazitholela okwakhe ukudla. Iyaqhubeka nokukhula, ichithe ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa i-molting yenzeka kancane kancane. Futhi ukubukeka akukashintshi.
Lapho befika ebusheni, baphila iminyaka engu-5-6. Kepha kaningi baba yizisulu zokubanjwa noma izisulu zokuphila kwasolwandle. Amaphesenti amancane kakhulu abantu anethuba lokusinda ebudaleni.
Intengo
Amabhizinisi aseMpumalanga Ekude akhuthaza ngentshiseko izimfanzi ezinomsila omude emakethe yaseRussia. Zithengiswa zombili zemvelo futhi zicwengekile. Intengo yama-shrimp enomsila we-Angle iyahluka kusuka kuma-ruble / kg angama-330 kuya kuma-ruble / kg ama-500. Kuya ngokufakwa kanye nosayizi wezimfanzi uqobo.
Bayayithengisa kaningi esevele ibilisiwe-iqandisiwe, ilungiswe ngqo emkhunjini wokudoba. Lezi zimfanzi zibhalwe ukuthi "w / m". Umbala wazo ubomvu ngokukhanyayo noma i-orange. Azidingi ukubiliswa, kepha zimane zikhishwe amanzi.
Lapho ukhetha imfanzi, bheka okunye ukumaka "80/100" noma "70/90". Lezi zinombolo zibonisa inani lezimfanzi esikhwameni sakho. Ukwazi isisindo sephakeji, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe kukhona abantu abakhulu noma abancane. Kwesinye isikhathi imfanzi ethengiwe inegobolondo elithambile kakhulu. Akusabisi, baqoqwa nje ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa.
Ukubamba
Ukuminyana kwala ma-crustaceans kuyamangaza. Ngemizuzu engu-15 yokudoba, ungabamba amathani ayi-10 emfanzi. Kukhona umqondo wokuthi "ukubamba komphakathi", okufingqiwe njenge-TAC. Kunomkhawulo ekubanjweni kwezilwane okufakwe ohlwini lwe-TAC. Imfanzi yethu iyisilwane "esingenandaba". Ingagaywa nganoma yisiphi isamba. Lokhu kukhombisa ubukhulu besibalo sabantu.
Kujwayelekile ukuthi inamagama amaningana - imfanzi yasenyakatho, Magadan, Okhotsk, amanzi abandayo. Kunamagama amaningi, ingqikithi iyafana. Ngemuva kuka-9 ntambama, izimfanzi zikhuphuka zingene kukholamu lamanzi, kuthi ekuseni zicwile phansi.
ngakho-ke ukudoba ama-shrimp kwenzeka ikakhulu ebusuku. Ukwephuka phansi, izimfanzi ziba sengozini. Akucaci ukuthi kungani bekhuphuka nakancane futhi basengozini yokubanjwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi "baphumule" ekucindezelweni okuphezulu.
Imisila ye-Angle iyinhlobo yezentengiselwano ebalulekile ngenxa yokunambitheka nezinzuzo zayo. Tastier kunezimfanzi ezindaweni ezishisayo. Inyama yabo iyi "pantry" yangempela yama-microelements. Iqukethe iodine eningi, i-calcium, i-zinc, i-potassium, i-selenium, amaprotheni, i-vitamin E ne-omega-3 acid.
Kunconywa njengokudla kokudla okunekhalori eliphansi. Ngokusho kweminye imibiko, basusa ngempumelelo i-cholesterol "embi" emzimbeni, kuyilapho beyicebisa "okuhle". Ama-Shrimps alungele abanesifo sikashukela, iziguli zenhliziyo, nabantu asebekhulile. Zingadliwa ngisho nangesikhathi sokuzila ngoba aziyona inhlanzi noma inyama.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
1. Imfene inenhliziyo, kuphela ayikho esifubeni, kodwa ekhanda le-crustacean emangalisayo.
2. Amaqanda abo aqina kakhulu. Bangasinda ngisho nesomiso. Uma sezisemanzini, zivuseleleka ngokushesha bese ziqala ukuvuthwa.
3. Ukuqoqwa kwala ma-crustaceans kuveza imisindo eqinile "engadida" ama-sonars asolwandle. Ngalo mqondo, bangomakhelwane abayingozi.
4. Ngasogwini lwaseJapan, ungabona kaningi into ethokozisayo - amanzi akhanyayo. Lezi zimfanzi zasolwandle ezijulile, ezikhuphukela phezulu, zihlobisa ulwandle ngokukhanya kwazo.
5. Inyama ye-Shrimp ithuthukisa i-endocrine metabolism, ethinta kahle isimo sesikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho. Kunconywa iziguli zenhliziyo ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi nesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu, kanye nabantu abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto aphrodisiac, ikuvumela ukuba ugcine ubusha.
6. Imfucumfucu kulula ukuyigaya futhi kufanele iphekwe imizuzu embalwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inyama yabo iba lukhuni futhi ibe yirabha.
7. Imfanzi ngayinye inamabhangqa angama-90 ama-chromosomes. Njengoba umuntu enama-46. Manje ake ungitshele, ngubani kithi ohleleke kakhulu?
