Ukwenziwa samuntu kwezikhulu emvelweni kuyabhekwa ukhozi lwegolide, intanta kahle emoyeni. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, le nyoni ibifanekisela ubukhulu, imiphakathi eminingi yezicukuthwane eyiveze njengesibonakaliso sayo esihlukile. Ezinganekwaneni ezafika kithi zivela eGrisi lasendulo, ukhozi lwaluthathwa njengesimo sasemhlabeni sikaNkulunkulu Wokuduma.
Incazelo kanye nezici zokubukeka
Ukhozi olusagolide luhlobo lwezinkozi zomndeni woKlebe. Njengabo bonke abameleli balezi zinhlobo, uhlukaniswa ngamandla futhi unomzimba oqinile. Ngenxa yamakhono ayo okulinganisa nokusebenzisa imisinga yomoya, le nyoni ingandizela esibhakabhakeni amahora amaningi elandelana, ibheke inyamazane.
Ubude ubukhulu bokhozi lwegolide ifinyelela imitha elilodwa, ubude bephiko ngamamitha ayi-2,5. Owesifazane uvame ukuba mkhulu kunosayizi wakhe. Uma isisindo sesilinganiso sesilisa sisebangeni elingu-4-5 kg, khona-ke abesifazane bavame ukufika ku-7 kg. Le nyoni inothiphu ogobile, ongokwemvelo ezinhlotsheni zayo. Esinye isici esikhomba izimpaphe, ezingemuva kwentamo ezinde kancane kunezinye.
Izimpiko zenyoni azibanzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zinde futhi ziqinile. Ezilwaneni ezincane, zinesimo esithile. Iphiko lomzingeli lihlukaniswa ngesisekelo esincishisiwe, ngenxa yokuthi ukugoba kubonakala emaphethelweni angemuva, okusikhumbuza kakhulu uhlamvu S lwezinhlamvu zesiLatini.
Ngendlela, lokhu kungenye yezimpawu ezenza sikwazi ukukhomba lesi sidalwa endizeni. Njengoba zikhula, lesi sici samaphiko siba sincane kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuntywila, le nyoni icosha ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-120 km / h.
Umsila womzingeli onezimpaphe mude kancane, uyindilinga kancane ekugcineni futhi ubukeka njengokhozi. Lokhu kumhlukanisa nabanye abamele uhlobo lwokhozi. Lapho inyoni inyuka phezulu, ungabona ukuthi izimpaphe ezisemsileni zivula kanjani ngendlela efana nefeni.
Izinyoni zalezi zinhlobo zibonakala ngamehlo ansundu, imilomo ensundu noma emnyama empunga, enesisekelo esiphuzi. Izidladla ziqinile, ziqinile, cishe kuwo wonke umphetho wazo kukhona unqenqema nezimpaphe, okubonakala kuzenza zibe nkulu ngokwengeziwe.
Ezansi, anombala ophuzi ngokugqamile futhi anezinzipho ezinde, ezibukhali, eziqinile. Izwi lokhozi livamile kubamele uhlobo lwalo: ngokuzwakalayo, okufana nokukhumbuza inja. Ungayizwa kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana, uvikele indawo yokuhlala noma uxhumane nenzalo.
Umbala womuntu ovuthiwe vele ubuswa yimibala ensundu nokumnyama enezimpaphe zesheen yegolide ngemuva kwekhanda. Izinkozi zegolide azinakho umehluko ngombala ngobulili. Umehluko ukhona kuphela phakathi kwabantu abasha nabadala.
Ezinyonini ezineminyaka engama-4 ubudala, umbala ucishe ube mnyama; izindawo ezimhlophe ziyahlukaniswa ngaphansi kwamaphiko. Zinyamalala zinezinyanga eziyishumi nanye noma eziyishumi nantathu. Ochwepheshe abacwaninga impilo nokuziphatha kwezilwane ezidla ezinye bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zindawo zazisa izinyoni ezindala ukuthi lowo muntu akanalwazi.
Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuzingela endaweni engaphandle ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuhlaselwa ngabantu abadala. Izinyoni ezincane ziyafana nabazali bazo lapho kuqala i-molting, ukwakheka kokugcina kobubanzi bombala kuwela onyakeni wesine noma wesihlanu wokuphila kommeleli walezi zinhlobo. Iba nsundu ngemibala ensundu nebomvu.
Izinhlobo
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezihlukanisiwe eziyisithupha zezinkozi zegolide zihlukaniswa, izici ezivelele zazo ubukhulu nosayizi.
- Izinhlobo ezivamile zithanda ukuhlala enyakatho nasempumalanga yeYurophu, kanye nobukhulu beSiberia, iNorway, iDenmark neSweden. Umzimba nephiko umbala ukhozi lwegolide lumnyama noma onsundu onsundu.
- Izinhlobonhlobo eziseningizimu yeYurophu zitholakala ezifundeni zezintaba zaseCaucasus, e-Iran, eCarpathians, naseningizimu yeYurophu. Emzimbeni, izimpaphe zinsundu ezicebile nezimpaphe zomthunzi onsundu okhanyayo ku-nape. Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane zine "cap" ehlukile ekhanda layo.
- Ama-subspecies ase-Central Asia akhetha ukuzingela nokudala ezintabeni ze-Altai, kanye nasezifundeni zeTien Shan, ePamir naseTibet Umbala usukela kokumnyama nsundu ukuya kokumnyama ngezimpaphe ezilula ku-nape.
- Indawo yokuhlala yokhozi lwaseMelika yiCanada, iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika. Umbala unombala onsundu onsundu nge-tint yegolide ku-nape.
- Izinhlobo ze-East Siberian zingatholakala empumalanga ye-Asia, iMongolia, iChukotka, iSiberia, iPrimorsky Krai. Umbala ungaba mnyama onsundu noma okhanyayo ngokukhanyayo.
- Ama-subspecies aseJapan akhetha ukuhlala eNyakatho yeChina, eJapan, naseziQhingini zaseSouth Kuril. Umbala unsundu onsundu futhi unamabala amhlophe ahlukile emahlombe.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ukhozi olusegolide – Inyoni ekhululekile, ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi izinyoni zikhetha indawo eyisicaba noma enezintaba, ama-steppes, imihosha ekude nabantu. Zikhetha ukwakha izidleke emifuleni nasemachibini, kanye nasezintabeni ezisezingeni eliphakeme lamamitha angaphezu kuka-2 000.
Ngoba izilwane ezidla ezinye zinamaphiko amakhulu, zidinga izindawo ezivulekile ukulandelela inyamazane yazo. Ukuze zikhululeke, izinkozi zegolide zikhetha izihlahla ezimila emadwaleni akude noma onqenqemeni.
Izinyoni zihlala cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zaseRussia, kepha zizama ukuthuthukisa izindawo ezikude nabantu, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuzibona ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Njengoba endaweni eyisicaba abantu bacishe bangayekeli indawo yomzingeli, ukhozi olusagolide luhlala emaxhaphozini ase-Estonia, eBelarus, eLithuania, eLatvia, eNorway, eSweden, eDenmark. Izinyoni zivikela indawo yazo ngamandla; zakha izidleke ebangeni elingelona eliseduze kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 komunye nomunye. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinkozi zegolide zithanda ukuhlala zodwa nokuthula, ngakho-ke, eduze kwamadolobhana amancane kakhulu, lezi zinyoni cishe azihlali.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ukugcina inyoni enosayizi omkhulu kangaka ekhaya akulula, noma kunjalo, ngokusho kwabazingeli abanolwazi, kufanelekile. Njengomthetho, amatshwele amancane athathwa esidlekeni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi abantu abakhulu bayabanjwa.
Ukusheshisa ukujwayela kwale nyoni kubantu nokwenza lula ukuqeqeshwa, umhlaseli unqunyelwe ekudleni. Isabelo sakhe siyi-300-350 g yenyama, kuyilapho ukhozi londliwa njalo ngosuku. Umzingeli ubeka inyoni esandleni sakhe, evikelwe igilavu yesikhumba, bese ehamba nesilwane ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ngakho-ke inyoni ijwayela umsindo womphakathi. Mhlalise esilwaneni esigxishiwe.
Bagcina ukhozi olusagolide emgodini ovulekile noma egumbini elivaliwe; nakanjani bazomboza amehlo abo ukuze balunikeze ukuthula futhi luvikeleke ekuphonseni. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukuphuma uyofuna inyoni ngale nyoni kuyintokozo yangempela.
Njengomthetho, abantu abaningana bazingela ngasikhathi sinye, ngamunye enokhozi lwakhe lwegolide. Endle, ngokwesilinganiso, umhlaseli onezimpaphe uphila iminyaka engama-23. Ekuthunjweni, ngokuya ngesondlo esihle, abantu bangaphila isikhathi esiphindwe kabili.
Abantu bezinhlobo
Kufakiwe ukhozi lwegolide eNcwadini Ebomvunjengoba kubhekwa njengenhlobo yezinyoni ezingandile. Noma kunjalo, ngokusho kwedatha yanamuhla, inani labantu alinciphi; eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwanda kwabantu kuye kwabonwa. Umsebenzi wabantu ukuphela kwento ethinta impilo yalezi zilwane.
Ngekhulu le-18 kuya kwele-19, izinyoni zazidutshulwa ngoba zazilimaza imfuyo. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yaseJalimane, cishe bonke abamele lolu hlobo babhujiswa. Ekhulwini elidlule, ukwehla kwamanani kuye kwasizwa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamakhemikhali anolaka.
Njengoba izinyoni zondla izidalwa eziphilayo, izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali eziyingozi zangena emzimbeni wayo nazo, ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwaholela ekubhedeni ekukhuleni kwemibungu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kwezilwane ezisencane.
Kulezi zinsuku, umuntu usebenza ngenkuthalo izindawo, ezibeka umkhawulo ekukhetheni indawo yokuhlala hhayi yezinkozi kuphela, kodwa nezamagundane amancane, ayizisulu zomzingeli. Konke lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinyoni.
Ukuze kufakwe isandla ekubuyiseleni inani lamakhozi asagolide nokuwavikela ekuqothulweni, kwenziwa zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo emazweni amaningi athatha indawo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, ngobukhulu beRussia neKazakhstan, izindawo zokwakha izidleke zezinkozi zibhekwa njengezindawo ezivikelwe futhi zingaphansi kokuvikelwa.
Ngendlela, kuphela ensimini yethu ukhozi lwegolide oluhlala ezindaweni ezingaphezu kuka-20 ezinjalo ezivikelekile. Izinyoni zingatholakala ezindaweni ezizimele nasemaphoyiseni, kodwa ngokuqukethwe okunjalo, azivamile ukuzala.
Isikhathi sokuzala nokuzalisa
Ukhozi lwegolide - inyoniohlala ethembekile kumlingani wakhe ngokwakha izithandani. Ngamunye wabo uhlela izidleke ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-12 futhi uzisebenzisa ngokulandelana ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, egcwalisa njalo futhi ethuthuka. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sithatha kusukela ebusika ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, noma kunalokho kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkozi zegolide zizikhombisa ukundiza, zenza izibalo zasemoyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zilingise izinto zokuzingela. Lokhu kuziphatha kuyisici nenyoni enesizungu efuna umlingani, noma umbhangqwana osuvele usuvele usuqinile. Ukuvuthwa kocansi okunezimpaphe kwenzeka eneminyaka engama-4-5.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda esidlekeni engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli, imvamisa awekho ngaphezu kwamaqanda amathathu. Bobabili abalingani bahlanganyela ekufukameleni ngokulandelana. Le nqubo yenzeka izinsuku ezingamashumi amane nanhlanu. Bese kuthi owesilisa azingele ukudla, kuthi owesifazane ondle amaphuphu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2.5-3, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke.
Ukuzingela ngokuzingela nokudla
Ukhozi olusegolide – inyoni edlayo... Ngokuzingela, ukhetha amahares, amagundane, amagundane amakhulu, imvamisa adla ezinye izinyoni ezincane. Futhi, izinkomo ezisencane nezilwane ezincelisayo - izinyamazane, izimvu, amathole, izimbuzi - zisebenza njengezisulu.
Umdlalo omncane ufaka ama-gopher nama-ferrets, ama-skunks, izingwejeje, izimbila, ama-ermines, amadada, amapageji kanye namahansi ekudleni kokhozi lwegolide. Ezilwaneni ezinkulu, isilwane esinamaphiko sizingela izimpungushe, izimpisi, izinyamazane nezinyamazane, oklebe.
Inyoni ayesabi ukuhlasela isisulu, inkulu kakhulu kunayo. Ebusika, ivame ukudla izidumbu. Nsuku zonke ukhozi olusagolide ludinga kufika ku-2 kg wenyama, kepha uma kungekho kudla, luyakwazi ukulamba amasonto ama-5.
Amehlo okhozi aphakeme ngokuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunawabantu, ngakho-ke, nokuba phezulu ekubalekeni, akukho noyedwa isisulu obalekayo kuwo. Angabukeka ekhululekile entanta emoyeni futhi ngokuzumayo ahlasele kanzima kangangokuba bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo ukucasha. Ukhozi luyaqhubeka nokulwa futhi phansi, uma lubamba isisulu ngozipho lwaso, noma inyamazane enkulu futhi engathandeki ngeke isindiswe.
Ngenxa yomzimba wayo omkhulu namaphiko amakhulu, ukhozi olusagolide luyakwazi ukuphakamisa umthwalo onesisindo esifinyelela ku-20 kg sesisindo esibukhoma emoyeni, futhi empini yomhlabathi, iwine impisi empini ngokuphula intamo. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokukhwelana, ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ezizingelayo zizingela inyamazane ngababili. Uma isisulu sikwazi ukweqa inyoni eyodwa, umlingani uzomfica ngokushesha.
Ngaphandle kokulwa kwabo, lezi zidlakela kunzima ukuthola ukungenelela kwabangaphandle endaweni yabo, ikakhulukazi abantu. Umbhangqwana owakhe isidleke lapho amachwane esevele achanyuselwe noma abekwa khona amaqanda uzowushiya uma umuntu obaphazamisile evele eseduze.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Izazi zezilwane zitshela ezinye zezici zokuphila kwezilwane ezidla ezinye:
- Izinkozi zegolide zinemilenze emide kakhulu emndenini wokhozi.
- Ezindaweni ezinobusika obukhulu, lezi zinyoni zifudukela ezindaweni ezifudumele noma zimane zindiza zisuka ezintabeni ziye endaweni eyisicaba.
- Ukhozi olusagolide lunamehlo abukhali kangangoba lukwazi ukubona umvundla ogijimayo osuka ebangeni eliphakeme elingamakhilomitha amane.
- Lezi zinyoni yizona ezihamba phambili okhozini futhi ziyakwazi ukudilika ngejubane lika-120 km / h.
- Izinyoni zingakha izidleke zombili eziqongweni zezihlahla nasemigqonyeni yamadwala.
- Izidleke, eziqedwa minyaka yonke, zingafinyelela osayizi abakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Insikazi ayizaleli wonke amaqanda ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ngekhefu lezinsuku ezimbalwa.
- Kakade kusukela ebuntwaneni, ukhozi olusagolide lukhombisa umlingiswa walo onolaka: iphuphu elidala ezimweni eziningi libulala omncane, ikakhulukazi uma kungowesifazane, kuyilapho abazali bengaxabani futhi abazami ukuvikela ababuthakathaka.
- Lapho izingela inyamazane enkulu, lesi silwane sigxumela uzipho saso ngokujulile emzimbeni, sishaye sibulale. Umdlalo omncane ubulawa cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
- Inyoni encane iqala ukufika ephikweni inezinsuku ezingama-70-80, ngenkathi incamela ukuhlala eduze kwesidleke.
- Amehlo okhozi olusagolide alivumela ukuthi lihlukanise imibala, okungajwayelekile ukubonwa ezilwaneni.
- Isikhathi sokubekela amaqanda sinqunywa ngobude besilwane esidla ezinye. Ngakho-ke, enyakatho yezwekazi elishisa kakhulu noma eMexico, amaphuphu avela ngoJanuwari, ezindaweni ezibandayo ezisenyakatho nase-Alaska - ngoJuni, enyakatho neMelika - ngoMashi.
Umzingeli onezimpaphe unikezwe isikhundla sezinhlobo zezilwane ezinengozi enkulu yokuqothulwa. Kepha ngokuzingela inyoni, kunqunywa inhlawulo, ngokuboshwa kwesibili, kungabekwa ukuhlala ejele.
Ukhozi olusegolide esithombeni nasempilweni yangempela ubukeka emuhle futhi enomusa, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wakhe obalulekile nemikhuba yakhe inesithakazelo kochwepheshe esifundweni sezilwane. Ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo ekwehleni okukhulu kwabantu, umuntu kufanele akhombise ukukhuthala.
