Incazelo nezici
Uma kukhulunywa ngenyoni ekhokhoba, inhlangano "yomdobi" ngokushesha ifika engqondweni! Ngempela, singasho ukuthi ama-cormorants ngokufanele alifanele leli gama lesidlaliso elingashiwongo. Bamnqoba ngesizotha nangokuzethemba ngenxa yamakhono abo amakhulu emkhakheni wezokudoba.
Inyoni ekhokhoba ngeyomndeni we-cormorant, ingeyenyoni zasolwandle. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-cormorants: i-crested, encane omnyama cormorant, ezinkulu nezinye eziningi.
NgesiLatin, igama lale nyoni libhalwe ngokuthi "Phalacrocorax". Amasayizi ama-cormorants ahlukile. Ezinye ziyafana ngosayizi, isibonelo, nge-merganser evela emndenini wedada; ezinye zizoba zinkulu. Kunoma ikuphi, ubude bomzimba wezinyoni buyahluka cishe ebangeni kusuka esigamu semitha kuye kwesinye.
Ezinye zindiza ngokushesha, kulayini oqondile. Uma kukhona ukusuka emanzini, ayahlakazeka futhi athathe ukusheshisa. Izimpiko zamaCormorants ngobude zingafinyelela ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinkomba zingena ohlakeni olusuka kumasentimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwikhulu namashumi ayisithupha.
Ngaphandle buka cormorant ingahluka. Iningi lama-cormorants amadala anombala omnyama: amnyama, amnyama-mhlophe (ane-abamnyama abaningi), ansundu, njll. Kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwama-cormorant abesilisa nabesifazane ngenxa yokuthi abukeka efana kakhulu. Noma ngubani angakuqinisekisa lokhu ngokubheka ukuthi kubukeka kanjani cormorant vula isithombe.
Izazi zezinyoni ezihlola izinyoni zalolu hlobo ziyazi kahle umehluko obonwe ngokunganele phakathi kwezinyoni zesifazane neziduna, emsebenzini wazo, emisebenzini yocwaningo, zivame ukuhlangana nabantu bangempela. Njengoba wazi, ngezibonelo ezibonisayo, ukutadisha noma iyiphi impahla kulula!
I-Nautical cormorant Unomlomo omude, oxhumeke ngaphandle kwamakhala. Imilenze iqukethe ulwembu. Cormorant uhlala okungcono ezindaweni zasolwandle, kepha futhi kungahlala amachibi.
Izinhlobo ze-Cormorant
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-cormorants (kufaka phakathi ama-cormorants) ziyahlukaniswa, izinyoni nazo zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi amane kuphela. Phakathi kwabo, ama-cormorant aseNdiya, amakhulu, amancane, ahlukahlukene, iBering, iGalapagos, i-cormorant enezindlebe ezinde nabanye. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo ngokuningiliziwe.
I-Indian cormorant, isibonelo, ingenye yezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu ze-cormorant. Uhlala enhlonhlweni ye-Indochina, cishe. I-Sri Lanka; futhi ikhaya lakhe yiNdiya, iPakistan, njll. Liphila ngokudla izinhlanzi. Ukuze izitholele ukudla, icwila ngobuciko nangobuhlakani, ijahe inyamazane ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamanzi.
I-crested cormorant endala iyinyoni emnyama emaphakathi naphakathi, cishe ngamasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa ubude, ngomlomo onomusa, okhomba cishe osentimitha ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ubude. I-cormorant e-crested inhle ekutsheni nasekubhukuzeni ngobuciko.
Kepha ayindizeli kahle kakhulu. Indiza ibukeka isinda futhi ayihlali isikhathi eside. Idla, njengamanye ama-cormorants, inhlanzi. Uncamela ukuyibamba eduze kwaphansi. Ngakho-ke olwandle olukude, ngaphansi kwalo kunezingqimba ezinhle zamanzi kanti iphansi "liphansi kakhulu", ngeke ulithole.
I-cormorant enkulu (aka - cormorant ULwandle Olumnyama, njengoba abanye bekubiza kanjalo, ngenxa yendawo eyodwa yezinyoni) kuyakujabulisa ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Izinyoni zithanda ukuzilibazisa kweqembu futhi zivame ukuhlangana ngobuningi obanele.
Ama-cormorants alesi silwane athanda ukuzingela ndawonye, athola izinhlanzi olwandle, bese "ezihambisa" ezindaweni ezijulile. Ukuziphatha kwabazali kwezinyoni kuyathakazelisa: abamele abesilisa nabesifazane banakekela ukuqanduselwa kwamaqanda: kokubili abesifazane nabesilisa!
Akujwayelekile ukucabanga ukuthi esidlekeni samaqanda afudumalayo esikhundleni sika "mama" u- "daddy-cormorant" angahlala isikhashana. Noma kunjalo, yilokhu okwenzekayo. Omunye wabamele abahluke kakhulu kwi-cormorant ngu amabele amhlophe cormorant... Izimpaphe zesifuba zilula, zimhlophe noma mpunga. Le nyoni ibizwa ngokuthi yinye yezinhlobo zezinambuzane eziyivelakancane.
I-Bering cormorant endala iyinyoni "yensimbi emnyama" enekhanda eligoqiwe eliqukethe izimpaphe ezinde. Uhlala eKamchatka, eChukotka, eNyakatho Melika nakwezinye izindawo. Indiza kahle, ngisho nasemabangeni amangalisayo (iya ezinhlanzini emanzini avulekile olwandle), kepha ibukeka ifiphele emhlabeni.
I-cormorant yaseGalapagos ikhethekile phakathi kwayo. Ngokungafani nezinye, ayindiza ngenxa yamaphiko ayo amafushane ngokweqile! Kubukeka okufana nedada. Yize "kusimo sayo" ngokwamakhono wokundiza, i-Galapagos cormorant ibhukuda ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UCormorant unamathela empilweni esebenzayo emini. Ingabe isikhathi sasemini siyingxenye yokuphila kwabo? Isikhathi sami esiningi cormorant inyoni isemanzini noma ngaphezulu, ifuna ukudla komndeni wayo nokwayo.
Ekudobeni, babonisa ukushesha, okungamangalisi, ngoba uma kungenjalo ukubamba bekuzoba kuncane noma bekungeke kube khona nhlobo. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukungagcizeleli ijubane nokuhamba kwayo ezindaweni zamanzi - le nyoni iyancomeka impela.
Ezinye zezinhlobo ze-cormorant zindiza ziye ezindaweni ezifudumele ebusika, iningi lazo. Ingxenye encane ihlala ezindaweni zabo zomdabu, bahola impilo yokuhlala phansi. Ezinye izinyoni zihlanganisa zombili izici, ngasikhathi sinye zihlala zodwa futhi ngokwengxenye zifuduka. Isibonelo, i-cormorant ebhekene nobomvu.
Ekhuluma ngezimpawu zama-cormorants, ngifuna ukugcizelela futhi ukuthi ziyizinyoni ezithandanayo. Bathanda ukuhlala nokuhlala ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ezine "izinkampani" ezinkulu. Kwesinye isikhathi "umphakathi edwaleni" onjalo uhlanganisa kuphela abamele ama-cormorants. Ngezinye izikhathi, ezinye izinyoni nazo zikhona lapho, isibonelo, ama-seagulls, ngaphandle kwawo, mhlawumbe, kunzima ukucabanga noma yiluphi ugu.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isithombe se-cormorant sitholakale ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zobuciko, amasiko, njll. Isibonelo, izitembu zokuposa, amakhadi eposi, izimvilophu. Izingubo ezinesithombe se-cormorant zibukeka zimangalisa futhi zingavamile: Izikibha, izingubo, njll.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Mayelana nokudla kwama-cormorants kuchazwe ngenhla kancane, ake sibheke le nkinga ngokuningiliziwe. "Ingxenye" eyinhloko yokudla kwansuku zonke yiqiniso, izinhlanzi eziphakathi nezincane. Izinyoni zalo mndeni zamukela ama-sardine, i-herring, ayinqabi i-capelin nabanye.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-cormorants adla izinhlanzi, akukhona ukuphela kokudla komndeni. Bangakwazi ukushwabadela ama-crustaceans, izinkanyezi zasolwandle, njll. Abanye badla ngisho amaxoxo nezinyoka, izimfudu, izinambuzane.
Kepha buyela enhlanzini. Ngemuva kokuzingela izinhlanzi, okwaziwa ukuthi kwenziwa ngosizo lokuntywila ngamandla ngaphansi kwamanzi, ama-cormorant kufanele achithe isikhathi esithile emhlabathini: ogwini, amatshe noma amatshe, ukuze izimpiko zawo zome.
I-cormorant ingabonakala kaningi kulesi sikhundla, ngakho-ke inyoni yoma izimpaphe
Uma kucatshangelwa ukondliwa kwezinyoni ikakhulukazi, okulandelayo kungaqashelwa. Kukhulu cormorant, ngokwesibonelo, itshuza ngezinhlanzi ingekho ngaphansi kwamamitha amane. Ibanga lendiza, "anquma" ngalo ukuthola ukudla olwandle, alidluli isilinganiso samakhilomitha angamashumi ayisihlanu, uma libhekwa emhlabeni.
Izinhlanzi, ezivame ukukhethwa yi-cormorants, cishe zingamasentimitha ambalwa ubude. Izinyoni zizingela ukuntanta, ziqala zihlale phezu kwamanzi bese zigxila ngokucophelela ekusesheni. Ngemuva kwalokho benza udwi olubukhali phansi. Zishaya ngokucijile izinhlanzi engxenyeni eseceleni, ziyibambe ngomlomo, bese ziyisusa emanzini.
Crested cormorant, uma kuqhathaniswa, ingadonsela phansi inyamazane oyifunayo ngokungashisi kakhulu! I-crested cormorant (ebizwa nangokuthi i-cormorant enekhala elide) ingacwila ngamamitha angamashumi amane, noma nangaphezulu.
Idla ama-gobies, i-cod, ama-eels, i-herring, njll. - kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ngaphezu kokudoba, akathandi lutho, ngaphandle kokuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho, anganaka ama-crustaceans noma ama-mollusks.
Ama-cormorants anezindlebe ezinde yilabo abangeke baphikisane nokuzuza kuma-amphibian noma ama-crustaceans. Bangadla izinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lokudla oluthandayo, ngemuva kwakho konke, luhlala kubo izinhlanzi ncamashi. Ngokukhishwa kokudla, bakhetha ukujula, kuze kufike kumamitha ayisishiyagalombili ukujula, izindawo. Abafuni ukudlula ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amahlanu olwandle.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Ama-cormorants alungiselela ukugcwalisa umndeni ngokuphelele. Izidleke zilungiswa ngokucophelela, ezenziwe ngamahlumela, njll. Isidleke cormorant imvamisa itholakala emagatsheni esihlahla, kepha kwesinye isikhathi itholakala emhlangeni nakwezinye izindawo.
Amachwane emaqanda avuthwa futhi akhule ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu. Uma ucabanga ukuthi i-cormorant yesifazane ibeka wonke amaqanda hhayi ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ngokulandelana, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izinyoni, “ezisanda kufika” zichanyuselwa ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwezimpaphe, futhi zingenakuzivikela, zihluke ngosayizi!
Ekhuluma ngokuzalaniswa kwama-cormorant ikakhulukazi, ake senze isibonelo nge-Indian cormorant. Le nyoni ivamise ukubeka amaqanda amathathu, amane noma ngaphezulu (isibalo singakhuphukela kwayisithupha). Amachwane azalwa enqunu, engenazimpaphe. Kamuva, phansi kuyakhula kubo, bese kuvela izimpaphe.
Ama-cormorants we-Bering akhetha izindawo ezivikelekile, ezivalekile zokwakha izidleke, njengemifantu nemifantu emadwaleni, nokunye. Izidleke zikhulu futhi zivulekile. Ibeka amaqanda, njengomthetho, amathathu noma amane, kepha kukhona amanye, amacala angavamile lapho kungahle kube nenani elihlukile lawo ku-clutch: kuncane, ngaphezulu.
Njengasesimweni sezinhlobo zama-Indian cormorant, inzalo izalwa ingenazo izimpaphe, ngisho ne-fluff. Kuphela ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile lapho izingane zithole "izingubo" zokuqala ngombala ompunga.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila sama-cormorants singahluka. Ngokwesilinganiso, endle, ama-cormorant angaphila iminyaka engaba yishumi nesishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma sithatha uhlobo oluthile lwama-cormorant, ngokwesibonelo, i-cormorant enama-eared, ihlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyisithupha ezimweni zemvelo.
Isiko elihehayo elifaka phakathi inyoni ye-cormorant
Kulezi zinsuku, amanye ama-cormorant aziwa ukuthi ahlala ema-zoo. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo "zokuxhumana" phakathi kwe-cormorant yesimanje nomuntu. Phambilini ama-cormorant nawo "abekhulumisana" nabantu. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho "ukuxhumana" kubukeka kwehlukile.
Kuthiwa ezinsukwini zakudala kwakukhona isiko elinje ngokudoba ngama-cormorants. Le ndlela isuselwe esikhathini esedlule kude, iminyaka yayo ingaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane. Le ndlela isetshenziswe emazweni afana neChina neJapan, kanye nasemazweni aseYurophu.
Kwakuyini ukudoba ngokusajwayelekile ngokujwayelekile? Cormorant, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ezaziwa ngamakhono akhe okudoba, akazange abambe izinhlanzi yena, kodwa abantu! Umuntu ufunde ukuthi "asebenzise" ikhono lakhe ukuze kuzuze yena. Kwenzeke cishe ngokulandelayo.
Le nyoni yathanjiswa isikhathi esithile (isilinganiso cishe sezinsuku eziyishumi nane). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo yayikhiqiza kakhulu, ama-cormorant asheshe ajwayela "umuntu wawo", kwase kuqala "ukubambisana".
Le nyoni yadedelwa ebusweni bamanzi, yaqala ukuzingela. Ngemuva kokuntywila, ngabhukuda kanye nesisulu. Kepha kwaba yinto eyodwa ukubamba inhlanzi, nokunye ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi inyoni ayikudli ngokushesha ukubamba.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwasungulwa indlela: kwafakwa indandatho ekhethekile entanyeni ye-cormorant. Le nyoni ibikwazi ukunyakaza, ukundiza, ukubhukuda, vele, iphefumule futhi iphuze. Into eyodwa: izimpaphe azikwazanga ukuthatha ukudla. Izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe azidlulanga "ngomphimbo oboshelwe". Kepha yini eyayinzima ngokuhlafuna inyamazane nokuyigwinya ngcezu? - Impendulo ilula: ama-cormorants awakwenzi lokho, adla inhlanzi ephelele.
Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile izinyoni zazithola "isabelo sazo", ngoba zazisakwazi ukugwinya izinhlanzi ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuthaza nokugcina "umoya wokulwa" wamaqabane abo anezimpaphe, abadobi baphinde banika le nyoni izinhlanzi ezincane, ngaleyo ndlela bagcwalisa "ingxenye yabo yokubambisana."
AmaCormorants esitsheni
Phambilini abakwa-cormorant babebizwa ngamasela angenalwazi, manje igama selisukile esihlokweni esincane "samasela" laya endaweni ebanzi yokusetshenziswa, liqala ukukhombisa umuntu onomqondo osondele, onamahloni. Lowo ongekho obhekene namazwi, lowo onomoya ekhanda lakhe, ukuxoxa kuphela kusengqondweni yakhe. Ngamafuphi, othile kunalokho "akanalutho", uyisiphukuphuku.
Ngokungafani nalesi sithombe esingesihle, okwangempela cormorantokuyinto inyoni, ngokuphambene nalokho, njengoba sekuvele kucacile kusukela ngenhla, ihlukaniswa ngobuhlakani obukhethekile nobuqili. Umndeni wama-cormorants uhlukile, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunento yalo, ngazodwana. Isici esihlukile, isici, ikhono - ngamagama, yini emenza ahluke ngendlela yakhe.
Kungenzeka ukubala izinhlobo namagama isikhathi eside, ukutadisha kwalesi "sigaba" se-ornithology kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyafundisa. Kuhlala nje ukumangazwa ukuthi imvelo ezungezile, umhlaba ophilayo, umangalisa kanjani kukho konke ukwehluka kwawo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlukile.
