I-Lynx iyinhlobo yezilwane zezilwane ezincelisayo zasekilasini, ama-fining, imindeni engaphansi kwamakati amancane, ukuhleleka. Lo mbhalo uchaza izinhlobo zalolu hlobo, izici zendlela yokuphila, indawo yokuhlala, isikhathi sokuphila kanye nokudla okunempilo.
Incazelo nezici
Izici ezihlukile ze-lynx ngumsila obonakala sengathi unqunyiwe onomphetho omnyama (i-lynx ebomvu enomhlophe), izintambo ezimnyama zezinwele ezindlebeni zesimo esingunxantathu, izinwele ezinde ezizungeze isifonyo noboya obunamachaphazelo. Leli kati elidliwayo litholakala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, ngokulandelana, ngokuya ngesibalo sabantu, lehlukile ngokubukeka nosayizi.
Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke - i-lynx ejwayelekile, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kuma-80 - 130 cm (ngaphandle kobude bomsila), kanti isisindo singu-8 - 36 kg. Izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke yi-lynx ebomvu: ubude - kusuka ku-47.5 kuya ku-105 cm nesisindo kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-18 kg. Ngokuqondene ne-dimorphism yezocansi, ihlala ngosayizi - abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.
Isilwane sinekhanda elifushane, kodwa elibanzi, elinamathambo amakhulu emakhaleni. Leli yikati elinamehlo amakhulu anesihlabathi okweqanda, abafundi bayindilinga. Ezindlebeni eziqondile, ezikhonjiwe, izinhlamvu ezimnyama zoboya ziyabonakala, ubude bazo obufinyelela ku-4 cm.
Naphezu kobuncane bomhlathi, i-lynx inamandla okubamba. Phezulu kwendebe ephezulu kune-vibrissae enzima futhi ende. Izinwele ebusweni zikhula ngendlela yokuthi ibukeke "njengentshebe" kanye "nokushiswa eceleni". Isilwane esincelisayo sinamazinyo angama-30 emlonyeni waso, amanye awo angama-canine abukhali futhi made.
Umzimba wesilwane, yize umfushane, unemisipha, unezitho ezinde nezinamandla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imilenze yangaphambili ayifushane kakhulu kunemilenze yangemuva. Izinhlobo zasenyakatho ze-lynx zathola izidladla ezibanzi, zigcwele uboya obusiza ukuba zihambe eqhweni.
Imilenze yangaphambili inezinzwane ezi-4, imilenze yangemuva - engu-5 ngayinye (1 incishisiwe). Isilwane seLynx I-digitalis, enezinzipho ezibukhali, ezihlehlekayo nezigobile. Lolu hlobo lwamakati luyakwazi ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ukuhamba lapho uhamba khona noma ukuhamba (bangakwazi, kepha empeleni bangagxili kubude obungu-3.5 - 4 m). Zihlanganisa ngokushesha amabanga amafushane, zithuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-64 km / h. Bangakwazi ukumelana nezinguquko ezinde futhi bangabhukuda.
Umgomo wokunyakaza uthi "track in track", okusho ukuthi, imilenze yangemuva inyathela emikhondweni yezingaphambili. AmaLynx anomsila omncane, nobude obuhlukile, kuya ngohlobo lwawo - kusuka kumasentimitha ama-5 kuye kwangama-30. I-lynx ingeyamakati asendle aheha ngobuhle bawo.
Ebusika, umzimba wabo ufudunyezwa ijazi eliwugqinsi futhi lithambile. Kungaba nemibala ehlukene: kusuka ekubhemeni okukhanyayo kuya kobomvu ngokubomvu (ubukhulu bokubona buyehluka). Engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba, ijazi linomthunzi okhanyayo. Isikhathi sokuncelisa: ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Umndeni we-lynx ngamakati amancane, okuyingqayizivele yawo ukuthi awakwazi ukugquma kakhulu, ngoba ithambo lawo le-hyoid linzima ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, lezi zilwane zihayiza, i-meow, i-purr futhi yenza imisindo ephezulu efana nokubhonga kwebhere.
Amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ayaziwa nge-lynx:
- kwesinye isikhathi isilwane singayifihla inyama singabuyeli yona;
- ukwakheka kwezindlebe kuvumela amakati ukuthi abambe imisindo emincane kakhulu, kuze kufinyelele ekuphefumuleni komuntu;
- esiphezulu gxuma ukuphakama - 6 m;
- Izinhlobo ze-Eurasia zikwazi ukuhlala emazingeni okushisa angama -55 degrees Celsius;
- i-lynx ayizibekezeleli izimpungushe. Njengoba abazingeli besho, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpungushe zithanda ukuzitika ngesisulu somunye umuntu. Ikati livumela isela ukuba lisondele, bese liyalijaha futhi lilishiye linqotshiwe;
- amabhulashi ezindlebeni asebenza njengohlobo lwe-antenna, okwandisa isignali yomsindo.
Naphezu kwabo bonke ubuhle bangaphandle, i-lynx iyisilwane esiyingozi esidla inyama. Inani lalo liyancipha, ngakho-ke bonke abamele babalwa kuRed Book. Ngendlela, ikati alilokothi lihlasele umuntu kuqala, lizama ukubalekela ingozi.
Izinhlobo
I-Lynx isilwane esincelisayo, okuyizinhlobo eziningana:
I-lynx ejwayelekile. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu. Incazelo eningi yezilwane ivezwe ngenhla. Okwamanje, iSiberia iyindawo yokuhlala cishe yama-90% yalezi zinhlobo.
I-lynx yaseCanada. Ngokusho kwezinye izazi zezilwane, kuyinto engaphansi kwe-lynx yaseYurophu. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, indawo yokuhlala iyiCanada, yize ikati litholakala nasezifundazweni ezisenyakatho ye-United States, ngokwesibonelo, eMontana nase-Idaho. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lynx evamile, i-lynx yaseCanada inomzimba omncane - kusuka ku-48 kuya ku-56 cm ubude. Umbala wejazi nawo uhlukile - onsundu ngokumpunga.
I-lynx yase-Iberia. IHabitat - eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSpain. Yizinhlobo eziyivelakancane manje ezitholakala kakhulu eCooto de Doñana National Park. Qaphela ukuthi wonke umndeni manje ubaliwe ama-lynx eNcwadini Ebomvu... Ngokuqondene nezinhlobonhlobo zasePyrenean, sekusele cishe ikhulu kulawa makati, futhi manje zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ziyathathwa ukulondoloza inani lawo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lynx ejwayelekile, iPyrenean inombala okhanyayo wejazi, enamabala aminyene, okwenza ibukeke njengengwe. Isici - uboya besilwane buyancipha ngosayizi ngokuqala kwezinyanga zasebusika.
Lamakati angaba ngamasentimitha angama-50 ukuphakama, ama-80 kuye kuma-90 cm ubude, futhi anesisindo esingu-12 kuye ku-22 kg. Omunye umehluko uma uqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zaseYurophu umhlathi omncane futhi omude. Ngenxa yalesi sici sesakhiwo, ukulunywa kwesilwane kuba yingozi kakhulu.
I-Lynx ebomvu. Indawo yokuhlala - e-USA. Ukubukeka: ijazi - elibomvu ngokubomvu, nokufakwa okumpunga, ingxenye yangaphakathi yomsila imakwe ngomhlophe (kwezinye izinhlobo le ndawo imnyama). Incane kune-lynx ejwayelekile, enesisindo esingu-6 - 11 kg. Ngendlela, phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo kukhona ama-lynx - ama-melanists, amajazi abo amnyama ngokuphelele. Lawa makati ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi ama-panther. Isilwane singabonwa ngemilenze yaso emide nemikhulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi:
- amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo;
- izingwadule ezishisayo;
- indawo eyixhaphozi;
- izintaba.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-lynx ebomvu ingatholakala ngisho nasemadolobheni. Uma isilwane sizwa usongo, sizozama ukubaleka ngokucasha esihlahleni, lapho sizosilungela khona. Ikati likhetha lezo zindawo zokuhlala lapho kungekho khona iqhwa. Iqiniso ukuthi izidladla zalo azenzelwanga ukuhamba phezu kweqhwa.
Ingulube yaseSiberia. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zalesi silwane, kepha endaweni yaseRussian Federation kuphela - okunjalo i-lynx esithombeni okujwayeleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu, inani lekati liye lehla kakhulu.
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, bazizwa kahle esimweni sezulu esibi. Ngaphezu kwekhono lokukhuphuka ezihlahleni, ama-lynx aseSiberia agijima kakhulu, abhukuda kahle, agxumela kude naphezulu. Amahlathi eConiferous yindawo lapho kutholakala khona lolu hlobo, yize kwesinye isikhathi amakati athuthela emaqeleni asemahlathini.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Njengoba lezi zilwane sezincane ngenani, ziphila impilo eyimfihlo kakhulu. Ngokunjalo, ithuba lokumbona endle lincane kakhulu. Noma unesifiso esinamandla, ukuthola ikati akulula kangako, ngoba ukhetha izesekeli ezinjalo okungelula ukufinyelela kuzo. Isibonelo, kungaba yisikhubekiso somoya esidala esigcwele noma ihlathi elimnyama le-taiga elinotshani obuminyene bezihlahla ze-coniferous.
Kodwa-ke, kunethuba lokuhlangana ne-lynx ehlathini elincane. Umzingeli akahlaseli umuntu, uncamela ukugwema ukuhlangana. Isilwane sikwazi ukubona ubukhona bomuntu ebangeni elingamamitha angamakhulu amaningana, ngemuva kwalokho siqala ukuhamba buthule, kwesinye isikhathi sime ukulalela.
Uma i-lynx ilambile kakhulu, ingahle ingene edolobheni, lapho izokuhlasela khona inja noma ikati. Ngisho nenja endala engumalusi ayinakuqhathaniswa namandla nesilwane esidla ezinye. Kodwa-ke, zimbalwa izehlakalo ze-lynx ezivela emadolobheni eziye zaqashelwa, njengoba bekhetha amahlathi amnyama e-coniferous ngaphezulu.
I-Lynx isilwane sasendleNgakho-ke, ukhetha impilo yasebusuku neyantambama. Ukuzingela kuqala lapho kuqala ubumnyama. Idla kakhulu amahares. Uma kungenzeka, ingahlasela isilwane esinezinselo: inyamazane yenyamazane, inyamazane ebomvu noma ingulube encane. Izobamba kalula ingwejeje noma i-marten. Okumnandi okuyintandokazi yinyama ye-hazel grouse, i-grouse emnyama ne-grouse yezinkuni. Amaculo izimbobo ngesizini yasebusika.
Iqiniso elithandekayo - i-lynx ayizithandi izimpungushe, ngakho-ke iyazizingela ngokushesha lapho kuvela ithuba. Ngasikhathi sinye, akayidli. Izimfanelo zokuzingela zalamakati zingcono nakakhulu kunezingwe nezimpisi. Lapho kuqala ukuhlwa, yonke into ezungezile iyathula futhi ngalesi sikhathi i-lynx iyaphuma iyozingela, ilalele imisindo emincane kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokubona ukuthi kukhona inyamazane eseduze, ikati liza kancane kulo, ngaphandle kokwenza umsindo ongadingekile. Ibanga elilungele ukuhlaselwa libhekwa njengemitha eyi-10 - 20 m. 2 - 3 ukweqa kwanele ukubamba ukudla. Uma isisulu, isibonelo, unogwaja, ezwa okuthile okungahambi kahle bese eqala ukubaleka, i-lynx ingamjaha isikhashana, 50 - 100 m, ngemuva kwalokho iyama.
Ukuthimula akusona ukuphela kwesitayela sokuzingela. Futhi kukhetha ukuma kokulinda, bese uqamekele. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi yimizila yonogwaja noma izindawo zokunisela abantu abangasetshenziswanga. I-lynx ayithandi ukweqa ezihlahleni, noma ikwazi ukuhlala emagatsheni, ilenga yonke imilenze emi-4 phansi.
Ukuzingela ngesimo sikanogwaja ongu-1 kuzokwanela ikati izinsuku ezimbili. Uma inyamazane ye-roe isiphenduke indebe, khona-ke lokhu kunikeza isilwane ukudla isonto ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kwenzeka ukuthi inyamazane inkulu kakhulu, lapho-ke i-lynx iyigqiba emhlabathini noma eqhweni, kuya ngesizini.
Indlela yokuphila ihlezi. Ifuna inyamazane, ingahamba ize ifike kumakhilomitha angama-30. ULynx uyisilwane esidla ezinyeothanda ukuba yedwa. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile ngabesifazane abanamathole - bachitha izinyanga ezimbalwa bendawonye. Lokhu kwanele ukufundisa amakhono okuzingela asanda kuzalwa.
Okokuqala, owesifazane uletha izilwane eziphilayo ezinganeni, njengamagundane noma ama-hares. Lapho sezikhulile, i-lynx iqala ukuthatha inzalo ziyozingela. Ngokuqala kukaFebhuwari, omdala uzoxosha amazinyane, ngoba sekuyisikhathi sokuthi aziphilele yedwa ehlathini.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane:
- hares;
- izinyoni;
- ama-ungulates amancane;
- amagundane.
Qedela umsoco wansuku zonke - kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 kg wenyama. Uma i-lynx ingadli isikhathi eside futhi isebenza ngokuthanda, khona-ke ngasikhathi ingadla kuze kufike ku-5 kg. Uma singekho isidingo sokudla, ikati ngeke lichithe amandla alo ngeze, ngakho-ke ngeke liye kozingela. Uma umdlalo obanjiwe umkhulu, khona-ke isilwane siyasifihla isisulu, noma kunjalo, asinalo ikhono ngokwanele, ngoba ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye zikuthola kalula ukudla okugciniwe.
Kodwa-ke, umthombo oyinhloko wokudla ama-hares. Lapho isibalo sazo sincipha, ikati kufanele lishintshele ezinyonini, kumagundane nakwezinye izilwane. Izinhlobo zeLynx zaseCanada, ngokungafani nezaseYurophu, zizingela ngesikhathi sasemini. Ngaphezu kwenyama, isilwane singadla nenhlanzi. Kulula kakhulu ukuqoqa izinhlanzi lapho zisemanzini angajulile, zidala.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Umgqigqo uqala ngoFebhuwari uphele ngoMashi. Abesilisa abaningana bangalandela insikazi eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye, lapho kuqubuka khona izimpi phakathi kwabo, ezihambisana nokuhayiza okukhulu nokukhala okuqhutshwa ibanga elide.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Amathole azalwa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Inani lamazinyane ngokuvamile liba ngu-2 - 3, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kuzalwa ngisho amazinyane amane noma amahlanu.Isisindo esimaphakathi sezinsana ezingama-300 amagremu. Njengawo wonke umndeni wekati, amasonto amabili okuqala awaboni, bese evula amehlo.
Owesifazane ubandakanyeka kuphela ekukhuliseni. Amakati adla ubisi ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila, ngemuva kwalokho ashintshela ekudleni kwezilwane. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kwenzeka ngemuva konyaka owodwa, abesilisa - iminyaka emibili. I-Lynx ku-taiga uphila ngokwesilinganiso kusuka eminyakeni engu-15 kuya kwengu-20. Uma ikati ligcinwa ekuthunjweni, lapho linakekelwa kahle lingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.
Lynx unogada
Okwamanje, inani labantu cishe liyi-10,000. Ensimini yaseFrance neSwitzerland, izilwane seziqothulwe isikhathi eside. Manje bahlala:
- e-Balkan Peninsula - amashumi ambalwa;
- IPoland - cishe inkulungwane;
- IScandinavia - 2500;
- ICarpathians - 2200.
Inombolo encane itholakala e-Asia Ephakathi naseCaucasus. Inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke iSiberia. Ngokwezimboni, i-lynx ayisona isisulu esingcono kakhulu, ngoba uboya bayo kuphela obubalulekile. Ehlathini, noma kunjalo, njengezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, kuyadingeka ekukhetheni ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Baqeda la makati kuphela ezindaweni zokuzingela, endaweni lapho kukhuliswa khona izinyamazane, ama-pheasants noma i-sika deer. Ngokuqondene nokubaluleke kakhulu kubazingeli - uboya, kuhle impela, obukhulu futhi buyisilika.
Izinwele zokuqapha ezikhula ngemuva kwesilwane zifinyelela kubude obungu-5 cm, esiswini - amasentimitha 7. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, uboya be-lynx babuziswa kakhulu, obuthengwa kalula endalini. Isizathu salokhu imfashini. Uma umzingeli elimaza i-lynx, ngeke abaleke, kepha uzozivikela kuze kube sekugcineni, esebenzisa uzipho nezinyo.
Isitha sesibili sekati, ngemuva komuntu yimpisi. Bajaha abameleli bama-felines emaphaketheni. Okuwukuphela kwithuba lokusindiswa ukugibela esihlahleni bese usilinda. Izilwane ezingenalwazi zizama ukubalekela izimpisi, kepha lokhu cishe akuhlali kuvuna bona. Ngokuqondene nenyama ye-lynx, akuyona inkambiso ukuyidla ngokwesiko eselinesikhathi eside likhona. Yize kufana nokunambitheka kwe-veal.
Likhula kanjani inani lama-lynx:
- gcina ama-biotopes afanele;
- nikeza ngezinto zokudla (unogwaja, inyamazane yenyamazane);
- ukunciphisa inani lezimpisi (isitha esiyinhloko se-lynx);
- ukulwa nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho.
ILynx ibilokhu izingelwa, ngakho icishe yanyamalala eYurophu. Ukuvimbela ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwalezi zinhlobo, kwafakwa kwiRed Book. Uma ubamba i-lynx yengane, kulula ukuyithambisa, njengoba ingane inamathele ngokuqinile kumnikazi wayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isilwane sikwazi ukufunda ukuzingela sodwa, ngaphandle kosizo lukamama. Amakati ahlelekile ehlathini, azingela izilwane ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka. Zibaluleke kakhulu emvelweni, futhi azilimazi.
