I-oda labantu abadlulayo lifaka umbala ogqamile ngokungavamile inyoni ye-oriole - umculi othanda inkululeko. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukumbona endaweni yemvelo ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokuphila ehlukile, ukuqapha nokugcina imfihlo. Kwakunophawu ezinganekwaneni zamaSlav. Uma inyoni ibonakala ngengubo ekhanyayo ekhanyayo, lapho-ke ukuduma kwezulu kuzodlula kungekudala, kuzokuna.
Incazelo nezici
Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-30 ezikhona, okubonakala kakhulu ukuthi i-oriole ejwayelekileehlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Abantu balezi zinhlobo kunzima ukudida nabanye ngenxa yezici zabo ezihlukile. Ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemiqhele yezihlahla, umqolo "wegolide", isisu sowesilisa esinomsila omnyama ohlukile, izimpiko kanye nomlomo oqondile, odwetshiwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene ebomvu, kubonakala ngokusobala.
Umugqa omnyama ugudla emakhoneni angaphandle, angaphakathi wamehlo abomvu e-iridescent, afinyelela phezulu kuqhwaku oluqinile, oluqondile. Izidladla ezondile zithweswe umqhele ngeminwe emine ngezinzipho eziqinile. Umzimba ohlanganisiwe - kufika ku-25 cm ubude, isisindo - 0.1 kg. U-Oriole esithombeni kubukeka buhle ngenxa yezimpaphe eziseduze kwesikhumba. Ukukhubazeka kwezitho zobulili kuyabonakala emibala. Abesifazane ababonakali kangako.
I-Belly, isifuba - esingenamhlophe noma esiphuzi esinama-blotches amnyama, njengama-thrushes. Amathoni aluhlaza okotshani, ukufiphaza umbala ophuzi wangemuva, umsila onemibala yomnqumo namaphiko - okufihla okungcono kakhulu lapho kuchanyuselwa iklatshi. Umbala ofanayo kubantu abasha abangavuthiwe.
Uma kuzwakala "fi-tiu-liu" ehlathini, kusho ukuthi owesilisa uzama ukuheha intombi ukuze yakhe izithandani. Ukucula u-Oriole kufana nemisindo eyenziwe ngomtshingo. Impempe ejabulisa indlebe ithathelwa indawo ukuhayiza noma ukukhala.
Ngesikhathi sokusondela engozini, lapho kukhulunywa phakathi kwabamele lolu hlobo noma ngaphambi kwemvula, ungezwa ukukhala okukhulu, okukhumbuza ukumemeza kwekati. Abesifazane abanayo idatha yezwi, bangakhala kuphela.
Ukubona i-oriole yokucula ihleli egatsheni lomqhele kuyimpumelelo enkulu. Kulula ukuyibuka endizeni elinganiselayo yokuhamba, ijubane layo emizuzwini yengozi lenyuka laya ku-40-60 km / h.
I-Oriole indizela obala ngenkathi isesha isisekelo sokudla esisha noma ifudukela emazweni afudumele. Isikhathi esisele iyahamba, indiza ngamagagasi isuka kwesinye isihlahla iye kwesinye.
Izinhlobo
Ngaphezu kwe-oriole ejwayelekile ehlala e-Eurasia, isidleke se-Baltimore oriole eNyakatho Melika, ezinye izinhlobo ezingama-28 zithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo se-Afrika, i-Asia ne-Australia.
Kweziningi, izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu, sizocubungula ezivame kakhulu:
1. Ama-oriole anamakhanda amnyama ase-Afrika... Abantu bahlala emahlathini emvula ase-Afrika. Izinyoni ezincane zinamaphiko wamasentimitha angama-25-30 kuphela.Imibala yezimpaphe ifaka okuluhlaza okotshani ngemuva, igolide esiswini. Izimpiko, ikhanda, intamo, okupendwe ngombala omnyama, kwakha okuphambene nomhlane ogqamile, isisu, umsila wegolide onombala oluhlaza.
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, inani lamaqanda ku-clutch liyahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Emahlathini asenkabazwe, laba bobabili bakulungele ukuzala ngoFebhuwari-Mashi futhi bazalela amaqanda ama-2 kuphela. ETanzania, ekwazi ukufinyelela olwandle i-Indian Ocean, izinyoni zizalana ngoNovemba-Disemba, okuholela ekutheni kufike amatshwele amane.
Imenyu yama-oriole anamakhanda amnyama ase-Afrika ikakhulukazi aqukethe imbewu, izimbali, izithelo. Izinambuzane zakha ingxenye encane yokudla. Le nyoni idala umonakalo omkhulu epulazini, engadini ye-amateur.
2. Isi-Chinese esinamakhanda amnyama... Lezi zinhlobo zihlala esifundeni sase-Asia - iPeninsula yaseKorea, eChina, ePhilippines. ERussia, itholakala eMpumalanga Ekude. Uchitha ubusika eMalaysia, eMyanmar. Yize kunamahloni nokungazihlanganisi, abamele lezi zinhlobo bancamela ukuhlala emapaki asedolobheni, emaphethelweni amahlathi ashubile aseduze nemizana.
Umbala wezimpaphe zesilisa uhlanganisa ophuzi nomnyama. Kwabesifazane, amathoni egolide ahlanjululwa ngemifino yokufihla ubuso. Uqhwaku lwe-oriole enamakhanda amnyama aseShayina lubomvu, luhlangene ngesimo sesigaxa. Ngokungafani namakhanda amnyama ase-Afrika, amaNdiya, inhloko yaseChina ayimnyama bhuqe.
Umugqa obanzi kuphela osuka ngemuva kwekhanda ngamehlo abomvu e-iridescent uye obhondweni omnyama. E-clutch kunamaqanda abomvu afinyelela kwayisihlanu anezinkomba ezinsundu. Lezi zinhlobo zisongelwa ukwehla kwezibalo ngenxa yokwehla kwezindawo ezilungele abantu, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokuzingela.
3. Amakhanda amnyama ase-Indian Oriole... Izindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo zihlala zisezingeni eliphansi, izintaba, azikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle, amahlathi aseNdiya, iThailand, iPakistan neBurma. I-blackhead yaseNdiya ivame ukutholakala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nezwekazi, kodwa eSumatra, eBorneo, iziqhingi ezincikene nayo, ikhethe ugu.
Ubukhulu bezinyoni bujwayelekile kumalungu amaningi omndeni we-oriole. Ubude - abudluli kumasentimitha angama-25. Umhlane, isifuba, isisu sabesilisa segolide. Izimpiko nomsila kumnyama ngombala ophuzi. Abesifazane abakhanyi kangako, umbala ophuzi u-muffles amathoni omnqumo.
Amachwane we-Fledging anekhanda hhayi wonke amnyama, njengabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi, kepha enendawo ephuzi ngokusagolide ebunzini, intamo imnyama ngomlotha wentaba okhanyayo. Okuphinki, okunama-shades abomvu ahlukahlukene ku-clutch yamaNdiya anekhanda elimnyama kuze kube yizicucu ezine.
4. I-Oriole ekhokhiswe kakhulu... Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezisenkabeni naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesiqhingi sentaba-mlilo iSao Tome, esisogwini olusentshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Indawo enezintaba zensimu ichaza indawo yokuhlala kwezinyoni emahlathini asezintabeni aswakeme. Usayizi wabantu ufinyelela kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5.
Ezinyonini ezingamasentimitha angama-20 kubo bobabili ubulili, uqhwaku lubanzi, lubomvu ngombala obomvana. Ukukhubazeka ngokocansi kwama-orioles akhokhiswa kakhulu kuvezwa ngombala. Ngokuphikisana nezimpaphe ezimnyama zekhanda lowesilisa, kwabesifazane ikhanda lilula, alihlukile kumbala wangemuva, imivimbo emide iboniswa esifubeni. Lezi zithandani zizala futhi zondle amaphuphu angadluli kathathu ngonyaka.
Izimpaphe zezinhlobo eziningi zama-orioles zifaka phakathi okuphuzi, okumnyama nemithunzi eluhlaza. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Umbala we-oriole emnyama uhambelana negama, lelo eligazini lilawulwa ngamathoni abomvu namnyama, kanti isiliva limhlophe futhi limnyama. I-greenhead yehlukile kunezinye izinhlobo zekhanda lomnqumo, esifubeni, emuva nasemilenzeni ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Oriole inyoni engavamile, uma ingeyohlobo luka-Isabella. Inani elincane labantu lihlala ePhilippines kuphela, lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, futhi livikelwe umbuso.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Orioles ahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo, amapaki, akhetha ukusondela kwemizimba yamanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyoni "ziyageza" izikhathi eziningana phakathi nosuku. Abesilisa ikakhulukazi bavame ukugeza. Izinhlobo eziningi zisatshalaliswa eMpumalanga Afrika, e-Australia efudumele naseNingizimu Asia. Amahlathi eConiferous ahlala ngaphansi kaningi kunalawo abanzi.
Uma ufuna ukwazi isifiki se-oriole noma cha, ucacise izinhlobo. Inani elikhulu lezinyoni zezidleke nezindawo zokulala ebusuku endaweni eyodwa. Okuhlukile yi-oriole ejwayelekile kanye neBaltimore Oriole, ezisuka ezindaweni zazo zendabuko ziyohlala ebusika, kungabalwa ukuzulazula kwezinye izinhlobo emabangeni amafushane phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela.
Abokuqala baya emazweni ase-Afrika, e-Asia ashisayo, ebusika besibili enkabeni, ezifundeni eziseningizimu Melika. I-Oriole ihlala iningi losuku ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zemiqhele zikaphopholo omude, ama-birches, ama-oki, nama-aspen. Izinhlobo zase-Afrika zivame kakhulu emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama, akuvamile kuma-biotopes omile, akhanyiswe kahle.
Izinyoni zigwema izimila eziminyene, amahlathi amnyama, izifunda ezinezintaba eziphakeme. Ngesikhathi sesomiso sasehlobo, zindiza ziye emahlathini emathafeni ezikhukhula zemizimba yamanzi. Kuyaqabukela, kepha kusenjalo kunezinyoni otshanini nasekukhuleni kwesihlahla samahlathi kaphayini. Ama-Orioles athakazelisa ezindaweni eziseduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu - emapaki amadolobha, ezingadini naseziqeshini zamahlathi okwenziwa amahlathi.
Ama-Orioles awahlangani nezinye izinhlobo, awenzi imihlambi, amakoloni. Zihlala zodwa noma ngababili. Behlela phansi ezimweni ezihlukile, bazama ukungazitheli kumuntu. Leli qiniso lihlotshaniswa nenani elincane lokukhiqiza inzalo.Owesilisa nowesifazane ngesikhathi sokondla amaphuphu kudinga isisekelo esikhulu sokudla - kuze kufike kumahektha angama-25.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwezinambuzane eziyimifino, ikakhulukazi amacimbi anoboya obunobuthi, kunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo odalwe izinambuzane emahlathini, emapaki, ezingadini, futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila semithi.
Ukungafinyeleleki kwezidleke, ukufihla okuhle akuqinisekisi ukungabi bikho kwezitha phakathi kwezilwane ezinamaphiko. Ihlukaniswa ubugagu nokushesha, ama-orioles amadala awavamile ukuba yizisulu zokhokho be-peregrine, ama-kestrels, ama-kites, izinkozi zegolide no-hawk. Amachwane avame ukuba yindebe. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla amaqanda egwababa, ama-jackdaws, ama-magpies, kepha abazali bavikela ngonya inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, bavimbela ukubhujiswa kwezidleke.
Izinyoni azivumelani nokuphila ekuthunjweni. Ngokwemvelo, bayaqapha futhi abathembeki, ungavumeli umuntu asondele kubo. Lapho esondela, banamahloni, bashaywa ngokumelene nezinduku zezinyosi, belahlekelwa izimpaphe. Noma beqala ukondla, bayafa kungekudala, ngoba ukudla okunikezwa ezitolo zezilwane akuhlangabezani nezidingo ze-oriole.
Abathandi bezingoma bathambisa amatshwele athathwe esidlekeni. Kepha ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kwabo, i-oriole icula kakhulu futhi ivame ukukhala futhi ibambe ngokungathandeki ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu. Ngemuva kokuncipha, izimpaphe ezikhanyayo azibuyiswa.
Le nyoni iba shabby futhi ayikhangi ngokubukeka. Ukuzwa ama-Oriole ecula, kulula ukuya ehlathini. Le nyoni ayiyifanele indima yesilwane esifuywayo, ngoba uma ingafi, iyohlupheka impilo yayo yonke ekuthunjweni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngoba i-oriole ihlala ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zemiqhele yezihlahla ezinamakhaza futhi kudoti wotshani akuhli, ukudla kufaka izinambuzane ezikhubaza futhi zihlale ezihlahleni, izithelo zezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla zamaberry. Ukudla kwezinkukhu kuqukethe:
• izimvemvane, amacimbi, izibungu;
• omiyane;
• ojekamanzi;
• izintethe, ama-cicadas;
• izimbungulu, izicabucabu;
• izimpukane;
• izihlava zezihlahla - amabhungane aphansi, amabhungane amaqabunga, chofoza amabhungane, amabhungane amade.
I-Oriole iyakwazi ukubhidliza izidleke zezinyoni ifuna amaqanda nokuzingela izibankwa ezincane. Lapho izithelo zivuthwa ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, ubusika, isisekelo semenyu senziwa ngama-cherry, ama-currants, i-bird cherry, amakhiwane, amagilebhisi, amapheya, amabhilikosi. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwezithelo, izinyoni ngokuzithandela zidla amahlumela nezimbali zezihlahla.
Ama-oriole nokhokho kuphela abangadla amacimbi anoboya obucwebezelayo; sonke isigaba sezinyoni asizinaki lezi zinambuzane ngenxa yobuthi bazo. Ukudla kwezilwane kwakha isisekelo sokudla okunomsoco cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo, ngaphandle kweBaltimore, i-fig kanye ne-orioles enamakhanda amnyama ase-Afrika, akhetha ukudla kwezitshalo. Izinyoni zondla ikakhulukazi ngentshiseko kusukela ekuseni kuze kube semini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Orioles ebusika ezifundeni ezifudumele afika ezindaweni zawo zokwakha izidleke maphakathi noMeyi. Abesilisa babuyela kuqala, abesifazane bandiza phezulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva. Ukuheha izintombi, izinyoni azigcini ngokukhipha impempe emnandi, kepha futhi zigxumela egatsheni, zindiza izimpaphe emsileni. Owesifazane uphendula ngokunyakazisa umsila nezimpiko zakhe.
Uma abesilisa abaningana beyifuna, khona-ke izimpi ezinamandla zenzeka phakathi kwabo, lapho kunqoba kakhulu khona. Ngemuva kwesonto, ama-Orioles anqunywa ngokukhethwa kwamabhangqa azohlala impilo yonke.
AmaSerenade akuyona nje into yokuqomisana kuphela, kepha futhi nokuqokwa kwendawo yokudla, okuzoba kakhulu, umculi ocijile ngokwengeziwe futhi ingoma ibe yinde. Ama-Orioles akhetha ukwakha izidleke phezulu emiqhele yemithi enamakhasi abanzi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6 kuya kwayi-15 ukusuka emhlabathini, kepha angakhalela ezihlahleni zeminyezane noma esihlahleni sikaphayini. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza kulo mcimbi. Izibopho ezingaphakathi kwabashadikazi zichazwe ngokuqinile. Ubaba ozoletha izinto zokwakha, owesifazane usebenza ekwakhiweni.
Indawo ikhethwa ebangeni ukusuka esiqwini semfoloko emagatsheni. Lapho kwakhiwa isidleke, okuthatha isonto nohhafu, zisebenzisa imicu yesikhumba emanzi, iziqu zotshani, amagxolo e-birch, amaqabunga. Imifantu ivaliwe ngezindwangu zomhlanga, udonsa. Phansi kufakwe ubulembu obuthambile nobucayi. Ngezinhloso zokufihla, izindonga zangaphandle zifakwe umuthi we-birch ovela esiqwini.
Isidleke sase-Oriole inesimo sebhasikidi olumnandi ngokwanele, futhi ezinhlotsheni ezishisayo ibukeka njengesikhwama esinde. Isakhiwo sinamathele emagatsheni ukuze abukeke emiswe uhhafu phakathi kwamagatsha amabili.
I-oriole ejwayelekile inombhede ojula ngamasentimitha ayi-9 wamatshontsho nobubanzi obufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-16. Ama-Ornithologists aqaphele ukuthi isidleke sitshekiselwe esiqwini ngemuva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa. Lesi sikhundla senzelwe isisindo samachwane. Ngaphansi kwesisindo sabo, isakhiwo siyalinganiswa. Uma ekuqaleni kungekho roll, amaphuphu ayowa esidlekeni phansi.
Kaningi, i-oriole izalela amaqanda ama-4 abomvana anezinkomba ezinsundu ezinesisindo esingu-0,4-0.5 g, engaphansi kangako - 3 noma 5. Imvamisa insikazi ifukamela ibamba, kwesinye isikhathi okushintshwa umzali wesibili ngesikhathi sokudla nangesikhathi samahora ashisa kakhulu. Ubaba wesikhathi esizayo uvikela insikazi namaqanda ezivakashini ezingamenyiwe. Ushayela amagwababa echobana, onogwaja, ophazamisa ubuqotho besidleke.
Emasontweni amabili kamuva, amatshwele angaboni, embozwe imfucumfucu ethambile engwevu ephuzi, achamisela igobolondo. Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu zokuqala, insikazi ayishiyi isidleke, ifudumeza imizimba engenazimpiko. Ubaba ukhathazeke kuphela ngokudla.
Kamuva, bobabili abazali bondla izingane zabo. Ososayensi balinganisele ukuthi umusi ufika nempango okungenani izikhathi ezingama-200 ngosuku. Umsoco omningi wokudla kwezilwane, nezithelo zakamuva, kubonakala ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwamachwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinyoni ziqale zibulawe yizinambuzane ezinkulu ngokushaya amagatsha noma isiqu somuthi amahlandla amaningi.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2,5, izinyoni ezincane azisafaneleki esidlekeni, ziya emagatsheni aseduze. Phansi kushintshwa izimpaphe, kodwa amaphuphu namanje awakwazi ukundiza, enza imizamo yawo yokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, zisengozini enkulu, njengoba ziba yizisulu ezilula zezilwane ezinamaphiko, zingawela phansi, zibulawe yindlala.
Uma uthola iphuphu phansi, kunconywa ukuthi ulitshale egatsheni elingezansi. Ukuhamba esihlahleni nokwenza izindiza ezimfushane, uzokwazi ukubuyela esidlekeni. Abasakhulayo badinga ukwesekwa ngumzali ezinye izinsuku eziyi-14, bese beqala ukuphila impilo ezimele. Izinyoni ezincane zivuthwa ngokocansi ngoMeyi olandelayo.
Abantu abadala kanye nokukhula kwentsha esikhulile okutholile amandla kundizela ubusika ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. I-oriole ejwayelekile ifinyelela e-Afrika ngo-Okthoba. Ngokuchichima kwemithombo yokudla, isimo sezulu esikahle, izinyoni ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15. Isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka eyi-8. Emakheji, ama-orioles aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engu-3-4 bese efa ngaphandle kokushiya inzalo.
