Ingwe yase-Ussurian, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Amur, isiKorea, iSiberia, iMpumalanga Ekude, i-Altai, iyinhlobo enkulu kakhulu futhi encane kunazo zonke zehlosi. Le ndoda ebukekayo, ngeshwa, isiyanyamalala. ERussia, ngasendleleni, wabizwa ngokuthi babr (ukuqala kwaleli gama kwabekwa ngegama lesiYakut elithi "baabyr").
Ingwe ye-Amur ishaya ngemingcele yayo. Kukhulu ngisho nangokwengonyama ngosayizi. Isisindo Ingwe yase-Ussuri ifinyelela kuma-300 kg nangaphezulu. Encwadini, kukhulunywa ngabesilisa abangafika kuma-390 kg. Umzimba ubude obungu-160 kuya ku-290 cm.
Abesilisa bakhulu than kunabesifazane. Ngumsila kuphela ongafinyelela kuma-cm 110. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi silwane sihamba buthule ngokumangazayo futhi simangele ngomusa waso ongenakulinganiswa. Imfihlo ilele kuma-pads akhethekile ezinzwaneni.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ngisho nabesilisa abakhulu kunabo bonke bamahlosi ase-Ussuri banamuhla basengaphansi ngobukhulu kokhokho babo. Okhokho babo kanye nokhokho babo babengaba nesisindo esingama-230 kg. Manje izidlakela seziya zincipha, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuhola ngosayizi phakathi kwamanye ama-fining.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amahlosi abe mancane ngenxa yokugxambukela kwemvelo yomuntu. ITaiga isikwa ngenkuthalo. Izilwane seziye zehla ekudleni kanti sekuye kwaba nzima ukuthola ukudla. Abesifazane banesisindo esincane kakhulu - kufika ku-120 kg.
Isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifushane kunesabesilisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungowesifazane yedwa owenza yonke imisebenzi yokuba ngumzali. Uzala inzalo, ayifundise, ayondle. Ngasikhathi sinye, ihlosi alihlanganyeli nakancane ekukhuliseni.
Muva nje, amahlosi amakhulu aseBengal abelokhu evela eziqiwini eNdiya. Kuphela kubo kuphela lapho i-Ussuri tiger kwesinye isikhathi ilahlekelwa ngosayizi. Ngokwemvelo, uhlala engummeleli omkhulu womndeni we-feline.
Ingwe ye-Ussuri esithombeni - indoda ebukekayo. Lezi zilwane zishaya ngesimo sazo somzimba. Babé samuntu amandla, ukukhuthazela. Amahlosi ayakwazi ukudonsa isidumbu senyamazane ebulewe isigamu sekhilomitha emhlabathini.
Incazelo nezici
Leli kati elikhulu lasendle libukeka lihle kakhulu. Umzimba oguquguqukayo uhlotshiswe ngokuvumelanayo ngemivimbo emnyama ecacile. Ikhanda linomusa, liyindilinga, linezindlebe ezincane ezihlanzekile. Ingwe inombala ongajwayelekile nowokubukisa. Unamandla kakhulu futhi uyashesha. Iyakwazi ukufinyelela ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h, naseqhweni. Ingulule kuphela esheshayo kunale ndoda ebukekayo.
Lokhu kuphela okungaphansi kune-5 cm yamafutha esiswini. Kuvikeleka ngokuthembekile emakhazeni, emoyeni obandayo. Umzimba uyaguquguquka, uvuleke, unekhanda eliyindilinga elinamandla, izidladla zifushane. Umsila omude uhlobisa isilwane futhi usize ngokuhamba. Ngenxa yokuhlala endaweni ebandayo, izinyoka zifushane.
Isilwane sikwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala, sibona kahle ebusuku. Unamazinyo aqinile abukhali angama-30 avumela ngisho nebhere elikhulu ukuthi lilume ngokushesha emgogodleni womlomo wesibeletho. Uzipho oluqinile lusiza ukubamba nokudwengula inyamazane, kugxume izihlahla ngejubane lombani.
Uboya balesi sakhamuzi sasemahlathini abandayo sifudumele kakhulu, sijiyile, futhi sinombala okhanyayo kunaleso sezihlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele. Uboya buwolintshi. I-Belly, isifuba kanye ne-sideburns kumhlophe. Ebusweni, imivimbo ngokushelela iphenduke amabala amahle ahambisanayo.
Ingwe yase-Ussuri - isilwane ngejazi elihle kakhulu. Ezinhlangothini, emuva okunamandla, isizinda esibomvu sihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo. Ingwe ngayinye inephethini enemigqa eyingqayizivele. Awukwazi ukuthola izilwane ezimbili ezinephethini efanayo. Ngaphandle kokuthi umthunzi wejazi ukhanya kakhulu, imivimbo ifihla umhlaseli kahle. Imvamisa, isisulu esizayo simthola kuphela phambi kwekhala lakhe.
Ingwe i-Amur Ussuri iyigugu langempela lezilwane ezingamahlathi aseMpumalanga Ekude. Akumangalisi ukuthi isikhathi eside abantu abahlala lapha bamkhulekele futhi bamnika amandla omlingo. Manje lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele sihlobisa ingubo yezingubo zePrimorsky Territory kanye nezimpawu ze-heraldic zezifunda zayo ngazinye.
Naphezu kwawo wonke amandla, lesi silwane sisengozini enkulu. Kuxhomeke ngokuphelele enanini lezilwane elizizingelayo. I-taiga eyengeziwe igawulwa, amathuba amancane okusinda i-Amur tiger anayo.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zamahlosi sezizonke. Okukhulu kunabo bonke yi-Amur eyodwa. Leli ikati elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wethu omangalisayo. Emhlabeni kuyisiko ukubiza lolu hlobo ngokuthi yi-Amur.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indlela yokuphila iyefana neyama fimin amaningi - wedwa. I-Ussuri tiger iyaphila ngokuqinile endaweni yayo futhi izama ukungayishiyi. Ekufuneni ukudla, kungenza ushintsho kumabanga amade impela.
Ingwe imaka imingcele yendawo yayo ngomchamo. Futhi ingaklwebha umhlabathi, iqhume amagxolo ezihlahla. Ngokuphakama lapho amagxolo esihlahla ehluthwe khona, ungaqonda ukuthi isilwane sinde kangakanani. Abafokazi basabisa ngokubhonga. Ukulwa kwendawo akuvamile kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile ihlosi liyathula. Ngokuvamile, uhlukaniswa ukuthula kwakhe. Izazi ze-Zoologists kwesinye isikhathi azizwa ukugquma kwazo iminyaka eminingana, naphezu kokubhekwa njalo. Ukubhonga kuzwakala ngesikhathi sonyaka we-rutting. Abesifazane baduma kaningi. Ukubhonga kwesilwane esidinwayo kucoshile, kuthule, ngentukuthelo kufana nokukhwehlela. Uma isilwane sisesimweni esihle, siyakhipha.
Inani elikhulu labantu lihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeRussia. Asengatholakala emabhange e-Amur nase-Ussuri (Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories). Zitholakala nasezintabeni zeSikhote-Alin (Primorsky Territory, Isifunda saseLazovsky). Le ndawo encane ihlala kuwo wonke amahlosi wesithupha.
Ngo-2003, iningi lezilwane ezidlayo zatholakala eziqongweni zezintaba iSikhote-Alin (Primorsky Territory). Lapho ikhetha indawo yokuhlala, ihlosi le-Amur licabangela isici esiyinhloko - noma ngabe kukhona ama-artiodactyls asendle kule ndawo. Uma zinyamalala, noma inani labantu lincipha, ihlosi libhujiswa yindlala.
Futhi, lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala, kuyabhekwa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo, yikuphi ukuphakama okuphakathi kwekhava leqhwa endaweni enikeziwe. Amahlosi athanda ukucasha ezihlahleni, ezindaweni ezingokwemvelo. Okokuphila, bakhetha:
- izigodi zemifula;
- izintaba zigcwele ihlathi eliwumbala;
- amahlathi omsedari;
- amahlathi wesibili;
- i-honeydew ene-predominance yomsedari, i-oki.
Ngeshwa, amahlosi manje acishe axoshwe ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziphansi ngabantu. Lezi zindawo kade zenzelwe ezolimo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ebusika obulambile nobunolaka, ihlosi lingahlola impahla elahlekile lifuna ukudla okubalulekile.
Le ndoda enhle ingabizwa ngokuthi inkosi yendawo enkulu impela. Impahla yowesilisa - kuze kufike ku-800 km², yowesifazane - kuze kufike ku-500 km². Imaka insimu ngosizo lwemfihlo ekhethekile, iphinde ishiye imihuzuko emikhulu ezihlahleni.
Izilwane cishe azishiyi indawo yazo yokuhlala uma zinokudla okwanele. Uma kunomdlalo omncane, umhlaseli angahlasela izilwane ezifuywayo, izinkomo. Ukuzingela kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Ingwe ayijoyini ukuziqhenya njengengonyama. Abesilisa bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa, futhi abesifazane bavame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu. Abesilisa bangavumela owesifazane onezinsana ukuba aphile endaweni yabo. Ingwe yama-Amur ingahamba ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha angama-41 ifuna ukudla. U-10% wabantu utholakala eChina. Laba ngabantu abangama-40-50 kuphela.
Lapha bahlala eManchuria. Ukubingelela, izilwane ezidla ezinye zisebenzisa imisindo ekhiqizwa umoya obukhali ngomlomo nangekhala. Zithinta namakhanda azo, izifonyo, zikwazi nokuzihlikihla izinhlangothi zazo. Lesi silwane sithanda ukugwema abantu. Uma ihlosi lisondele endaweni yokuhlala abantu, khona-ke isimo ngokudla sibi kakhulu. Isilwane sibulawa yindlala.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Amahlosi ahlala phezulu kwephiramidi yokudla. Lezi yizilwane ezizingelayo zangempela ezingadingi ukwesaba noma yini, ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe zilambile. Bahlala ohlelweni lokudla oluyingqayizivele olwenziwe endaweni ye-Ussuri taiga. Ubukhulu besibalo sehlosi buxhomeke ngqo esimweni semvelo eseMpumalanga Ekude.
Lesi silwane esidla inyama asidli lutho ngaphandle kwenyama. Indlala enamandla kuphela engamenza adle izithelo zesitshalo esikhula ehlathini. Uthanda inyamazane enkulu. Maphakathi kokudla kwakhe kunezingulube zasendle, ama-artiodactyls asendle.
Inani lezingulube zasendle lincike ekutheni lingakanani iphutha likaphayini. Eminyakeni elambile, lezi zilwane ziba zincane kakhulu, lapho ihlosi lihlushwa khona. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi umsedari ose-taiga uthathwa njengomuthi owondlayo. Ngendlela, amahlosi awalokothi abulale inyamazane eyeqile. Zizingela kuphela lapho zilambile ngempela. Izidlakudla azibulali ngenxa yesithukuthezi noma ukuzijabulisa.
Ukuzingela kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kuthatha amandla amaningi. Kuphela umzamo wokuhlaselwa kweshumi kuphela ophumelelayo. Ingwe ikhasa ngokoqobo isisulu. Ugoba umhlane, bese ebeka imilenze yakhe yangemuva phansi. Ezilwaneni ezincane, umhlaseli ngokushesha uququda umphimbo, bese ewisa phansi izilwane ezinkulu, bese edla amathambo omqolo entanyeni. Lomzingeli udinga cishe ama-20 kg wenyama entsha ngosuku.
Uma ukuhlaselwa kungaphumeleli, isilwane sishiya isisulu sodwa. Ukuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiwe akuvamile. Uncamela ukuhudulela inyamazane emanzini. Izinsalela zesidlo zifihliwe. Imvamisa kuba nabancintisana okufanele baxoshwe.
Iyazondla ngokulala phansi. Ubamba inyamazane ngezidladla. Ukuzingela kwenziwa ikakhulukazi kuma-ungulates. Lapho zingekho, ngisho nezinhlanzi, amagundane, izinyoni, amaxoxo ziya ekudleni. Ngezikhathi zendlala, izithelo zazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ziyasetshenziswa.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla yizinyamazane ezibomvu, izinyamazane (ezibomvu noma ezinamabala), izingulube zasendle, izinyamazane ze-roe, i-lynx, i-elk, izinhlobo ezincane zezilwane ezincelisayo. Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwenyama nsuku zonke lingu-9-10 kg. Isidalwa esisodwa sidinga ama-artiodactyls afika kuma-70 ngonyaka.
Uma ihlosi linokudla okwanele, liba likhulu kakhulu, libe likhulu. Amafutha angaphansi afinyelela ku-5-6 cm ubukhulu.Ngenxa yalokhu, akakwazi ukulala eqhweni kuphela, kepha angabulawa yindlala isikhathi esingangesonto ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yakhe. Ebusika obuneqhwa, lapho ukudla kuyindlala kakhulu, amahlosi alamba ngempela. Kukhona nengozi yokufa ngenxa yokukhathala okubucayi.
Ihlosi lama-Amur liyivelakancane ngokweqile ukubonakala liseduze nemizi yabantu. Eminyakeni engama-70 edlule, imizamo eyishumi nambili kuphela yokuhlasela abantu eye yaqoshwa ezindaweni ezihlasela lezi zilwane. Ku-taiga, ayihlaseli ngisho abazingeli abaphikelela bayilandela. Ukuze ihlosi lama-Amur lifune ukuhlasela umuntu, kumele livalwe ekhoneni noma lilimale.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Umzingeli akanaso isikhathi esithile sokukhwelana. Kungaba noma iyiphi inyanga. Ukuphela kobusika kuyathandwa. Abalingani besilisa abane-tigress engaphezu kweyodwa, ngakho-ke akakhi umndeni. Izinsuku ezingama-5-7, uyashada, bese enyamalala empilweni yowesifazane.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesifazane, ngesikhathi se-estrus, babezulazula ngamabomu izinto ezingapheli zowesilisa. Bamfuna azoshada naye. Lesi yisibizo saphakade semvelo, esiyisiqinisekiso sokuzala.
Amathole azalwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3.5. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-tigress ishiya umhlalaphansi endaweni engahambeki kakhulu futhi ekude kakhulu yetaiga. Ngokwesilinganiso, kukhona ama-2-3 cubs kudoti. Akuvamile 1, 5. Izinsana azikwazi ukuzisiza. Ababoni futhi abayizithulu. Isisindo sabo singaphansi kwe-1 kg. Bancike ngokuphelele kumama wabo, obanakekelayo iminyaka yokuqala engu-2-3.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izingane zithola amandla ngokushesha. Kakade emasontweni amabili baqala ukubona nokuzwa konke. Ithole elinenyanga elilodwa selisindwe kabili kunengane esanda kuzalwa. Zihamba kakhulu, zifuna ukwazi, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ziyaphuma endaweni yazo. Bangazama ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni.
Kusukela eminyakeni emibili yezinyanga, inyama entsha ivela ekudleni kwentsha. Ubisi lukamama lusetshenziswa ekondleni kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, amawundlu aba usayizi wenja encane. Zishintshela ngokuphelele enyameni.
Inqubo yokufunda yokuzingela yenziwa kancane kancane. Ekuqaleni, i-tigress iletha nje isisulu esisha. Ngemuva kwalokho iqala ukuholela esilwaneni esibulewe. Eminyakeni emibili ubudala, amawundlu afinyelela kuma-200 kg bese eqala ukuzizingela.
Bathatha ngokushesha ulwazi lomama. I-tigress incamela ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima iyodwa. Indoda ayibambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo, kepha ihlala kaningi eduze. Lapho izingane zineminyaka engu-2,5-3 ubudala, umndeni wehlosi uyahlukana. Wonke umuntu uhlala ngokuzimela.
Lezi zidlakela ezinhle zikhula zonke izimpilo zazo. Usayizi omkhulu ufinyelelwa ngokuguga. Abanazo izitha emvelweni. Ngaphandle kokuthi ibhere elinsundu linganqoba ihlosi. Imvamisa, lezi zidlakela ezimbili ziyahlangana empini enegazi. Kuphela kaningi ngokufa kwebhere, okudliwa ngumzingeli.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ihlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, ekuthunjweni lesi sibalo siphakeme kakhulu - kufika ku-25.
Izitha
Ingwe enamandla amakhulu nenkulu ye-Amur ayinazitha emvelweni. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni abatholakala kuyo yonke indawo kuphela abahola phambili. Kuze kube manje, le ndoda enhle ingabulawa ngenxa yesikhumba sayo, amathambo nezitho zayo zangaphakathi, okunikezwe ngephutha ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha.
Ngekhulu lama-21, kuseseyisiko emithini yaseTibetan ukusebenzisa izithako zokugcoba, izimpushana, zonke izinhlobo zemithi enezitho namathambo engwe ye-Amur. Lobu buqaba buqhakaza ikakhulukazi eChina.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo
Isiphetho senhlobo sikhulu kakhulu. Uma ngekhulu le-19 kwakukhona amahlosi amaningi ehlathini, manje inani labo lingabantu abangu-500-600. Ungahlangana nabo kuphela emakhoneni akude e-taiga kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokudutshulwa njalo komzingeli nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, lolu hlobo lwalusengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ukudubula kwezilwane zasehlathini, ikakhulukazi ama-artiodactyl, okusetshenziswa ngumzingeli ekudleni, nakho kube nomthelela omubi.
Ingwe i-Ussuri eNcwadini Ebomvu kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Iphinde yafakwa kwi-International Red Book. Imfuyo yehle kakhulu kwaze kwaba ngo-1940. Emhlabeni wonke kwakukhona kuphela abamele abangama-40 bezinhlobo. Ngo-1935 kwahlelwa indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo ePrimorsky Territory.
Kubalwe ngqo kushiye amahlosi amangaki e-Ussuri... Manje, ngokusho kokulinganisela, angama-450 kuphela ama-ussuri tiger ahlala emhlabeni. Uma eChina kunikezwa isigwebo sentambo ngokubulala lendoda ebukekayo, khona-ke eRussia yonke into inqunyelwe inhlawulo ye-banal.
Kukholakala ukuthi izinhlobo ze-Amur zanyamalala kwaze kwaba ngo-1940 ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lama-artiodactyls. Babezingelwa ngenkuthalo.
- Ukubanjwa njalo kwamawundlu.
- Ukuzingela izingwe uqobo.
- Ukwehla okubukhali emahlathini asezindaweni eziseduze nemifula.
- Ubusika beqhwa.
Kungemva kwempi lapho abantu baqala khona kancane kancane. Kepha kuhamba kancane ukuthola. Ngo-2010, kwamukelwa isu lokuLondolozwa kwe-Amur Tiger eRussia. Kuvunyelwe ukukhulisa kancane indawo yokuhlala komzingeli.
Amapaki kaZwelonke "Izwe Lengwe" kanye "neBikin" ahlelwe ePrimorsky Territory. Kukhona nesiqiwu semvelo. Ingxenye yesine yebanga lehlosi manje isivikelwe. Ngokwemiphumela yokubalwa kwabantu ngo-2015, kwavela ukuthi bafinyelela ku-540 abantu abahlala e-Far East.
Manje amahlosi ahlala ajulile ehlathini, endaweni ekude ngangokunokwenzeka nemisebenzi eyonakalisayo yabantu. Laba bahle bashiya indawo yabo yomlando. Izazi ze-Zoologists ziphupha ngokulungisa lokhu bese zibuyisela umhlaseli ezindaweni zawo zendabuko.
