Umkhomo ithole igama layo ekukwazini ukusonta umsila wayo ngokuvunguza. Lesi sici sisebenza ukuxhumana nabantu futhi siqoke amalungelo emingceleni yendawo ehlala abantu. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukugcwala esihlabathini nokushiswa yilanga. Bangabomndeni we-agama, bajwayele impilo yasogwadule.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Vertikhvostka
Igama lesiLatini elithi Phrynocephalus guttatus ngo-1789 lanikwa isilwane esihuquzelayo isazi sezitshalo saseJalimane uJohann Gmelin. Elinye igama lekhanda eliyindilinga yi-tuzik. Isibankwa sathola leli gama lendawo ephinki etholakala maphakathi ngemuva, njengekhadi le-ace, elibunjwe ngesudi yesigubhu. Uhlobo oluyindilinga luyahluka kwabanye abameleli bomndeni we-agama ngokwazi ukujija umsila ubheke phezulu, lapho kungabikho ulwelwesi lwe-tympanic olubonakalayo, nasezinhlakeni eziyindilinga zekhanda.
Ividiyo: Vertivostka
Unganquma uhlobo ngenombolo yesikali phakathi kwamehlo noma ngokuhamba komsila. Izinhlobo ezihlobene kakhulu yi-roundhead ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zemvelo eziningi ngokuvamile ziyakungabaza ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphandle, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyefana. Umehluko kuphela umbala wokuvikela umsila omncane. Njengoba isibankwa sihlala ehlane, umbala waso u-grey sandy.
Kukhona ama-subspecies ama-4 we-vertivoyts:
- i-phrynocephalus guttatus guttatus;
- i-phrynocephalus guttatus alpherakii;
- i-phrynocephalus guttatus melanurus;
- i-phrynocephalus guttatus salsatus.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-vertivost
Izibankwa zincane ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba, kufaka phakathi umsila, bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-13-14. Isisindo singamagremu ama-5-6 kuphela. Kubantu abadala, umsila ubude besikhathi esisodwa nohhafu kunomzimba. Ubude bekhanda bucishe bungu-1/4 bomzimba wonke, ububanzi bucishe bulingane. Isifonyo sixegisile. Ingaphezulu lekhanda limbozwe ngezikali futhi libizwa ngokuthi yi-cap. Izindlebe zimbozwe isikhumba. Izikali zibushelelezi cishe yonke indawo.
Ngemuva ikhulisiwe, inezimbambo. Amakhala ayisiyingi abonakala phezulu. Akukho ukugoqa kwesikhumba okuguqukayo engxenyeni engenhla yentamo. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba inesihlabathi noma nsundu nsundu. Isizinda esinjalo sakhiwa ngamaqoqo amachashazi ampunga nama-specks.
Kungaba nezindawo ezimnyama ezinkulu ezinhlangothini zomkhawulo. Kwezinye izindawo, amachashazi amancane ampunga ane-edging ensundu ayabonakala. Imigqa emithathu noma emine yobude besikhathi eside yombala onsundu, onsundu ngokukhanyayo noma omnyama onesihlabathi ugijima ogwini. Imivimbo efanayo enganqamuki igijima ngaphezulu komsila nasemilenzeni. Kunemivimbo emibili emifushane entanyeni. Umugqa wamabala amhlophe ugijima ezinhlangothini, ngaphansi kwawo kukhona amachashazi alula ahlangana nomugqa ongalingani. Ezingxenyeni nasemuva kukhona imivimbo eguqukayo. Isigqoko sonke sinamachashazi nezindawo ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nemibala.
Umphimbo umhlophe ngombala we-beige. Ama-Labial pads aphuzi ngokugqamile. Iso le-parietal liyaphinyiswa. Iphuzu lomsila limnyama ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Emazingeni alo, umbala usufiphele kakhulu, kanti ngezansi kumhlophe ngemigqa ekhanyayo, etshekile. Ezinganeni, le mivimbo icacile. Kuzwane lwesine lwe-paw paw kukhona amapuleti amancane, kuzwane lwesithathu kunezinsipho ezicijile.
Uhlala kuphi umhlonyane?
Isithombe: umtshingo ozungeza ikhanda
Uhla oluningi lwezibankwa lusuka ogwini loLwandle iCaspian luye emingceleni esentshonalanga yeChina. Umngcele oseningizimu udlula eTurkmenistan naseRepetik Nature Reserve eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe. ERussia, ama-amphibians angatholakala eKalmykia, eStavropol Territory, esifundeni sase-Lower Volga, e-Astrakhan, eRostov, esifundeni saseVolgograd naseDagestan.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umngcele webanga uyindawo eshisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-50 emthunzini.
Abantu abaningi kakhulu baseKazakhstan. Bahlala kulo lonke elaseMongolia. Ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kwezilwane kuhlala e-Azerbaijan, eSouth Russia, eKarakalpakia. Engxenyeni yase-Asia yebanga, ama-subspecies aphakanyisiwe yiwona asakazeke kakhulu. On esifundeni Volgograd esifundeni eyodwa elingalodwa uhlala zone isihlabathi Golubinsky.
Abantu bathanda izihlabathi ezingaguquguquki nezingaxegisi ezimila kancane. Izibankwa ziyakwazi ukuzingcwaba ku-substrate ngokunyakaza kwe-oscillatory lateral. Kusetshenziswa izimbobo zokumba njengezindawo zokukhosela. Ubude benkambo ethambekele bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-35, ngokujula - kuze kufike kumasentimitha angama-20.
Okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa njengezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana:
- imifantu emhlabathini;
- imigodi yamagundane;
- amaqoqo amaqabunga neziqu zokusanhlamvu, izihlahlana zemifino.
IKazakhlyshorskaya vertikhvostka ukuphela kwabantu abaphila ngokuqinile ogwadule olunosawoti. Akuvamile ukutholakala emithambekeni yezindunduma. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ingahlala emaqeleni. Muva nje baqala ukuhlangana esifundeni Orenburg.
Manje uyazi ukuthi isibankwa esibenyezelayo sitholakalaphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ini i-vertivoyst?
Isithombe: Lizard Lizard
Ukudla kwezilwane ikakhulukazi kunezinambuzane. Lokhu kunikeza ilungelo lokuzihlukanisa njengezibankwa zemuremopophous. Phakathi kwazo, okudliwa kakhulu:
- izintuthwane;
- amabhungane;
- amacimbi;
- izimbungulu zombhede;
- IDiptera;
- I-Orthoptera;
- lepidoptera;
- hymenoptera;
- izimvemvane;
- arachnids.
Imvamisa, izinsalela zezitshalo zitholakala esiswini sama-amphibian - amaqabunga, imbewu, kanye nesihlabathi namatshe amancane amancane. Ukubona kahle kusiza izidalwa ukulandelela inyamazane yazo, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi zingena ngephutha kokhula oluqhutshwa umoya onqamula ogwadule, bese luzigwinya ngokungacabangi. Ngokuthatha ukhula kuphela, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyaqonda ukuthi ayidli. Ngemuva kokukhipha isitshalo esingakulungele ukudla, izibankwa zithukuthele zicasukile izindebe zazo zezindebe ngolimi. Ngenxa yokuzingela okungaphumeleli okunjalo, izinto ezincane ezahlukahlukene zingatholakala esiswini sezilwane. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-amphibian angahlukanisa ukudla kwawo ngamaqabunga athambile kanye namahlumela esitshalo amancane, izimpukane.
I-terrarium ephansi enomthamo wamalitha angama-40 noma ngaphezulu yanele ukugcina phezulu endlini. Ungqimba lwesihlabathi kufanele luthululwe ezansi, kuthi izinkuni ezikhukhulayo kanye namagatsha zibekwe njengezindawo zokukhosela. Kudingeka isibani sokuphuza nokushisa. Ungondla izilwane ngezikhilikithi, izibungu ze-mealworm, amaphela, amacimbi. Kunconywa ukufaka i-trivitamin ne-calcium kokuphakelayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zithatha inyamazane ngemihlathi yazo emide. Kodwa-ke, ukubamba intuthwane ngayinye ngale ndlela kuphazamisa kakhulu. Mayelana nalokhu, umgibeli uguqulelwe ukubamba ama-invertebrate ngolimi lwabo, njengamasele. Ngenxa yalokhu, imihlathi yabo imifushane, njengaleyo yamaxoxo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Vertikhvostka
Ama-Amphibians akhetha impilo yokuhlala phansi. Umuntu ngamunye uthola indawo yakhe yokudla. Insimu yabesilisa inkulu kunaleyo yabesifazane. Indawo yabo kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kumamitha-skwele angamakhulu amaningana. Abesilisa balolu hlobo abawuvikeli umhlaba wabo ngentshiseko njengamanye amalungu ohlobo. Kunoma iyiphi ingozi, izibankwa zigobhoza esihlabathini. Lapho kubanda, bagcwala esihlabathini bese bephumula. Izidalwa zizimbela imingxuma yazo, ehlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-2: ihlobo nobusika. Esokuqala siphila isikhathi esifushane futhi siwohloka ngokushesha. Owesibili ujulile, ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-110.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Njengamakati, imizwa ye-fidget ingabonakala ngokuhamba komsila wayo.
Ama-Amphibians angakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha futhi agxume afike kumasentimitha angama-20 ukuphakama. Ngosizo lomsila wazo, bakhombisa ukushukuma okuhlukahlukene abakhulumisana ngakho. Ngenxa yombala ovikelayo, ama-scythetails awabonakali ngezitha kuphela, kodwa nakwabanye abantu. Umsila ukuvumela ukuthi ubonane futhi unikeze amasiginali. Bahamba bedabula amazwe abo ngokugijima okusheshayo, ngezikhathi ezithile kuba yiqhwa ukubheka nxazonke.
Imisila yawo iyagoqana futhi iqonde ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kuziphatha akujwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo futhi kudlale indima enkulu egameni eliyinhloko lalezi zilwane. Izibankwa zidinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa komzimba lihlala njalo. Uma liphansi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zithola indawo enelanga ukuze zinciphise izinga lokushisa esihlabathini esishisayo. Ukususa ukushisa okweqile, imisila enamakhanda azungezile ifuna indawo yokukhosela emthunzini, igobhoza ngemigodi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abantu molt kanye noma kabili ngonyaka. Le nqubo ithatha cishe izinsuku ezimbili. Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zihamba ngezicucu zesikhumba ezikhulayo. Ukuze uziqede ngokushesha okukhulu, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyazikhuhla ngezidwedwe ezinkulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-vertivost
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Isilinganiso socansi ngu-1: 1 - oyedwa wesifazane kowesilisa oyedwa. Abantu ababenzi ngababili abahlala njalo. Owesifazane unquma ukuthi uzoshada nobani nokuthi uzozala bani izingane zakhe. Bavele babalekele isoka elingafunwa. Imenenja evame ukwaliwa iqala ukulandela intokazi yenhliziyo. Kulokhu, insikazi izama ukulwa: iphendukela kowesilisa, ibeke ikhanda phansi, futhi igobise umzimba wayo. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi inganyathela eyeduna ivule umlomo izame ukuyiluma. Uma zonke izindlela zingasebenzi, isibankwa simane siwe ngomhlane silale size sishiywe sodwa.
Uma inyunyana yenzekile, ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa noma amabili ama-oblong anebubanzi obungu-8-17 millimeters. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, izibankwa ziyakwazi ukwenza izinduku ezimbili. Ama-Amphibian akhula ngokushesha, afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-12-14. Amaqanda abekwa ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Amaqanda angaphansi kweminyaka yokuqala achanyuselwa ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Isikhathi eside sokuzala siqhathaniswa nezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokuvuthwa kwezintambo kubantu beminyaka ehlukene. Abesifazane abakhulu abadala bazalela amaqanda ngaphambi kwabesifazane abasanda kuthomba. Ubude bomzimba wezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisanda kuzalwa, kufaka phakathi umsila, ungamasentimitha ayi-6-8. Abazali abazinakekeli izingane, ngakho-ke izingane zizimele kusukela ekuzalweni.
Izitha zemvelo zomgibeli
Isithombe: Vertivost emvelweni
Izibankwa zalolu hlobo zizingelwa izinyoka nezinyoni ezahlukahlukene, ezinye izilwane eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini - ziphinde zilawule futhi zibuse izibankwa, izilwane ezincelisayo. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zibanjwa yizinja zasendle nezasekhaya. Njengoba ziyizinhlobo ezincane, izilwane ezinkulu zihlala zilwela ukubamba i-vertivost. Njengoba izibankwa ngokuyinhloko zixhumana nomsila wazo, ukuwuphonsa emuva kungafana nokuba ndikindiki. Ukulahleka kombono kungabulala izilwane ezihuquzelayo, kepha ukulahleka komsila kuthembisa ukungabi bikho kokuxhumana nezihlobo. Kulokhu, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangana nomuntu ngaphandle komsila. Ungazithatha ngaphandle kokwesaba i-autotomy.
Izidalwa zingabona isitha kude ngamamitha angama-30. Abakhohlisi kakhulu yizilwane ezidla ebusuku. Amanye amajerber ambamba izibankwa emigodini yawo bese ewadla. Izilwane zichitha impilo yazo yonke ezindaweni ezinqunyelwe, lapho zonke izihlahla nemink zijwayelene nazo. Izitha zemvelo kuphela noma izinhlekelele zemvelo ezingabaxosha endaweni yabo.
Ama-vertixtails imvamisa awacwiliswa ngokuphelele esihlabathini. Ngaphezulu, bashiya amakhanda abo futhi banganyakazi babuke konke okwenzekayo. Uma isitha sisondela, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini zimba zingene esihlabathini, noma zikhase zikhosele lapho zibalekela khona. Kwesinye isikhathi ukweqa ngokushesha okunjalo kungadida ngisho nomzingeli ozimisele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-vertivost
Ukwanda ngokweqile kwama-sandif massifs kuholela ekwehleni minyaka yonke kwenani lama-roundheads. Endle, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinempilo iminyaka engama-3-5. Ekhaya nasema-zoo, abanye abantu baphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6-7 ubudala. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle ezimweni ezithile zendawo yokuhlala kwenza izidalwa zisengozini enkulu ekuguqukeni kwazo. Uma ezinye izinhlobo zama-amphibians zijwayela kalula ukwanda kwemisebenzi yezolimo yabantu, ukwakhiwa ngobuningi nokubonakala kwamanzi ogwadule, khona-ke ama-wigglers amancane avela ezindaweni ezinjalo ayanyamalala.
Ukuhlala kwentwasahlobo kwalolu hlobo kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu eminyaka yobudala: iqembu elilodwa noma amabili ezilwane ezincane, ezintathu noma ezine zezinsikazi, namaqembu amabili noma amathathu abesilisa. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo zithathwa njengezijwayelekile ngobuningi obujwayelekile. Isibonelo, eKalmykia, kutholwa abantu abangu-3-3.5 ngekhilomitha ngalinye. Ensimini yesifunda sase-Astrakhan, kwenziwa isifundo, lapho kwatholakala ukuthi endaweni engayodwa yamahektha angu-0.4, ezungezwe izimo ezingajwayelekile zezinhlobo zezilwane ukuze kugwenywe ukufuduka, ngoMeyi 2010 inani labantu abahlangane kanye nabo lalingama-21, kanti labo bahlangana izikhathi eziyisithupha - 2.
Ngokuqondile ngonyaka owodwa, inani labantu okuhlangatshezwane nabo kanye lalilingana nama-40, futhi labo abahlangana nabo amahlandla ayisithupha - 3. Kodwa ngoSepthemba 2011, isibalo sezibankwa okuhlangatshezwane nazo kanye sasingu-21, futhi kwakungekho misila yomsundu ehlangane izikhathi ezi-5 noma eziyisithupha nhlobo.
Ukuqapha i-vertivostok
Isithombe: Vertikhvostka ovela eRed Book
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zibhalwe kuRed Data Book yesifunda seVolgograd nesigaba III sokutholakala njengabantu bendawo abahlala bodwa abahlala ngaphandle kwebanga elijwayelekile. I-vertikhvostka enamakhanda ayindilinga yaseKyzylshor iseRed Book yaseTurkmenistan esigabeni sama-subspecies amancane. Ukusakazeka kwezinhlobo ezisenyakatho kuthikanyezwa yizimo zezulu. Ukwehliswa kwendawo yokuhlala kungenxa yomsebenzi wokuqinisa isihlabathi. Esifundeni seVolgograd, azikho izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokongiwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezidaliwe noma ezisetshenzisiwe.
Kodwa-ke, kusadingeka ukuhlela ukuqashwa kwabantu, ukudala indawo evikelekile endaweni yokuhlala kwayo - iGolubinsky Sands massif. Esifundeni sase-Orenburg, lapho kutholakale khona abantu abasha eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, akukho lwazi ngezinto ezinomkhawulo. Kuyadingeka ukulawula inani, ukuvikela ama-sandifs eningizimu yesifunda ekonakaleni kwamadlelo.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo azikwazi ukuzivikela kubantu nasezitheni zemvelo. Njengoba izidalwa zithanda ukuphumula esihlabathini esingenhla, azicindezelwa ngamabomu ngabantu, imfuyo, izimoto. Ukuba sehlane, lapho lolu hlobo kungenzeka luhlangane khona, kwanele ukubheka ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho, ungavumeli izilwane ezifuywayo ukuba zijahe futhi zibulale izibankwa ukuzijabulisa.
Umkhomo ayikaze ifundwe kahle, ngakho-ke ungaba nomqondo ongabalulekile ngempilo yakhe. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi akukho okungashintsha ebukhoneni bezinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kuwo wonke umuntu ozithola esezindaweni ezihuquzelayo, ukuze azilondoloze, kwanele ukumane uzisindise futhi ungaphazamisi isigqi sempilo yabantu basemanzini.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 28.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/30/2019 ngo-21: 14
