Kunzima ukuthola umuntu emhlabeni ongalazi ijuba. Le nyoni idume ngendlela yokuthi kubonakala sengathi ibilokhu yahlala isikhathi eside njengoba nje ubuntu bukhona. Isithombe senyoni sigcinwa emibhoshongweni waseGibhithe. Ososayensi bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi eminyakeni eyi-10 000 eyedlule inyoni yejuba isivele yathanjiswa ngabantu - intshisekelo yomuntu kuyo iyabonakala namuhla.
Incazelo nezici
Izinyoni zihluke kakhulu kangangokuba ubukhulu nezinketho zombala ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Amajuba athweswe imiqhele angabizwa ngokuthi imidondoshiya emndenini. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa singu-3 kg, ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kuma-75 cm.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabo, imvuthu yangempela amajuba edayimane, anesisindo esingama-30 g kuphela, ubude bungamasentimitha angama-20. Iningi lamajuba asemadolobheni, abantu abajwayelekile abangabantu, lingama-35-40 cm ubude, linesisindo esingu-300-400 g.
Umbala uyashintsha kuye ngendawo okuhlala kuyo inyoni - amajuba angaba umbala owodwa (omhlophe, ompunga, ukhilimu, opinki, ophuzi, njll.), Ahlukahlukene, nephethini. Izimpaphe zihlala ziminyene, ziminyene, kunezinhlobo ezinezimpaphe ezisontekile, i-pubescent engalingani - ukuqoqwa kwezimpaphe ezinyaweni noma ekhanda.
Kukhona ukufana kwangaphandle kwezinhlobo ezithile nama-pheasants, ama-parrot, ama-turkeys, yize izazi zihlala ziyibona ijuba ngezici ze-morphological. Amajuba ezinhlobo ezahlukene ahlanganisa umzimba oyindilinga, ikhanda elincane, izimpiko ezibanzi ezinezeluleko ezicijile, imilenze emifushane nomsila omude.
Imilenze enezinzwane ezine ikulungele kahle ukuhamba phansi. Umlomo uvame ukuba mfushane, ubanzi ezansi. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa ngokuvela kwezinyoni, kepha abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane.
Ijuba - inyoni eqinile. Umuntu kudala waqaphela ikhono lezinyoni lokuhamba amabanga amade, afinyelela kuma-300 km, futhi athuthukise isivinini esikhulu - kufika ku-140 km / h. Ngisho namajuba amadolobha ajwayelekile andiza ngejubane elifinyelela ku-80 km / h.
Esikhathini esedlule, izinyoni zazifuyelwa inyama, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zaqala ukuzalaniswa njengezinhlobo zokuhlobisa, ezazisetshenziselwa izinhloso zezemidlalo. Izinyoni akuzona ezokufuduka, kepha ziqondiswe ngokuphelele yilanga, iphunga, amandla kazibuthe, zithola izindawo zazo zomdabu ebangeni elifinyelela ku-1000 km, zikhuphuke ziye ekuphakameni okufika ku-3 km.
Ukukwazi ukuzwa infrasound, nobuningi obufinyelela ku-10 Hz, kwenza kube lula ukuzwa ukusondela kwesiphepho, isiphepho, ukuzamazama komhlaba. Izinyoni zihlukanisa phakathi kwemibala eminingi etholakala esweni lomuntu, umbono uvumelana nemisebe yelanga.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, amajuba ayebangelwa imvelaphi yaphezulu, ngenxa yesici sokwakheka - ukungabikho kwenyongo. Kwakukholelwa ngephutha ukuthi le nyoni ayinayo nhlobo inyongo, okusho ukuthi umunyu (ufihlwa ngqo emgudwini wokugaya ukudla).
Wazisa izinyoni njengezimpawu zobuhle, uthando, ubumsulwa. Ngokomlando, ngombono womphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ijuba liyinyoni yokuthula, ukuletha ubuhle nokukhanya kubantu.
Izinhlobo
Ezinhlobonhlobo zamajuba, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo:
- ezemidlalo (iposi);
- ukugijima (indiza);
- ukuhlobisa;
- inyama.
Lesi sigaba sinemibandela, ngoba uhlobo olulodwa lungaba kokubili ukuhlobisa nezemidlalo. Ikhono lezinyoni elingaguquki lokubuyela ezidlekeni zalo liguqulwe laba iposi lejuba. AmaRoma asendulo, amaGrikhi abheka izinyoni njengabathumeli abathembekile.
Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, ukulethwa kweposi ngamajuba kwakushesha kakhulu. Ngisho nangekhulu lama-20, phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, basasebenzisa le ndlela yokuthumela izincwadi. Kancane kancane isidingo sokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zezinyoni sesibe yinto yesikhathi esedlule. Imincintiswano yezemidlalo ibibanjelwe namajuba abathwali.
Amajuba endiza ayahluka ngezitayela zokundiza. Abanye bayakwazi ukubambelela emoyeni amahora angafika kwayi-15, bakhuphuke kakhulu kangangokuthi akunakubonwa phansi. Abanye (ukugijima, ukulwa) - ngobuciko ukundiza ngeziqubulo ezithile nokulwa kwamaphiko. Amajuba ama-roller enza amaphephela emoyeni ngokujikeleza azungeze i-eksisi yawo.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zikhiqizwa ngemiphumela ehlukile. Isiboniso ngasinye, okuhlobisa ijuba esithombeni isiteleka ngesimo somzimba, umbala wezimpaphe, izici zezimpaphe.
EMelika, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, izinhlobo ezifuywa ngokukhethekile ziyadingeka ekuphekeni. Inyama yamajuba iyisibiliboco okulungiswa kuso ukudla okudliwayo. Izitsha zamajuba zithandwa kakhulu eFrance. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
Ijuba likaNikolaev. Yazalwa edolobheni laseNikolaev. Usayizi umaphakathi. Umbala uhlukile - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe, ophuzi. Isici esivelele indiza efana ne-lark.
UVyakhir (vituten). Ijuba lehlathi umbala ompunga onemivimbo emhlophe ezimpikweni, emsileni. Zibonakala ngokukhethekile lapho kundiza inyoni yasendle. Ubukhulu bukhulu - kufika ku-40 cm ubude, ubukhulu bufinyelela ku-800 g.Ngokungafani nezihlobo zasemadolobheni, izingulube zezinkuni ziyisakhamuzi esingenakuhlukaniswa.
Iposi laseBelgium. Inyoni yezemidlalo enejubane elikhulu lokundiza. Isifuba esithuthukisiwe siyabonakala. Izimpaphe ezibushelelezi zivame ukuba mpunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, kepha ezinye izindlela zingenzeka.
Inkwali yesiNgisi. Uhlobo lwezemidlalo, umehluko walo ubonakala lapho kukhona iziqu ezinesikhumba ezungeze amehlo, phansi komlomo. Isimo somzimba esihle - intamo ende, imilenze. Umbala uhlukile, ikakhulukazi i-monochromatic - emhlophe, ebomvu, emnyama, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
IBerlin ikhokhiswe isikhathi eside. Umhlobo lo ubonakala ngendlela engakajayeleki ngenxa yemilenze yawo emide, ikhanda elincane lejuba elinomlomo ohlangane. Kukhona umbala ohlekisayo wenyoni emnyama enamaphiko amhlophe, okukhumbuza ingubo yemagpie. Ngesikhathi sendiza, ishaya amaphiko ayo - uhlobo lokulwa.
Indela yaseJalimane. Igama livela esiqwini sezimpaphe ngemuva kwekhanda lejuba, elifana nesigqoko - isici sengubo yendela. Indiza iphansi. Le nyoni inyukela emoyeni njalo uma ibona umuntu engamazi.
Ipigogo. Umsila omuhle uyimpahla eyinhloko yenyoni. Amajuba amhlophe bahlobise imishado nemicimbi ekhethekile ngobukhona babo.
Okugoqene. Izimpaphe ezisontekile zakha ukubonakala okukhanyayo kwale nyoni, okuyisimo sayo ehluke kancane kunenjiva yasensimini ejwayelekile. Izimpaphe ezi-Wavy zihlobisa ngisho nemilenze yomuntu ohlobisa. Umbala uhlukile - i-monochromatic futhi ibonwe ngemibala eminingi.
Umfundisi weSaxon. Le nyoni inemilenze ebabazekayo enezimpaphe ezinde. Isigaxa sezimpaphe sihlobisa isiphongo esimhlophe, umbala ofanayo omnyama utholakala ngemuva kwekhanda. Umbala wehlukile, kepha isiphongo sihlala simhlophe njalo.
IBumber ekhokhiswa okwesikhashana eBerlin. Ubukhulu obuncane bezinyoni abukuvimbeli ukubukeka okuhle. Ukucaciswa kohlobo oluthile kubonakala emaphikweni aphansi alenga ngaphansi komsila. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe ezandleni zawo. Izimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zivame kakhulu, yize ingubo ingahlukahluka.
UMarchenero. Ijuba elidabuka e-Italy. Umuntu okhukhumala enesibeletho esithuthukile ubonakala ehla emoyeni. Umbala uhluke kakhulu.
UNicobar noma ijuba elinomhlwenga... Ithathwa njengejuba elihle kakhulu. Isengozini njengenyoni exotic.
Ijuba elinamaphiko ethusi
Izinhlobo ezigqame kakhulu ijuba lezithelo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Amajuba atholakala yonke indawo. Azikho izinyoni eSouth Pole kuphela. Izinga eliphezulu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo livumela ukuthi bahlale emahlathini aminyene, izingwadule, nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ijuba lasendle kwenzeka ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-5000. Ukwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuhlotshaniswa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene, izindawo zokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yezinhlobo zamajuba yiziqhingi eziseNingizimu Melika nase-Australia.
Ijuba ledwala seliphenduke inyoni ejwayelekile yasemadolobheni emazweni amaningi omhlaba, kuhlanganisa nezwe lethu. Akekho umuntu ongeke ahlangane ne-cisar epaki, endleleni yehlathi, egcekeni lesakhiwo sokuhlala. Ngaphezu kwakhe, endle, ungathola ijuba lezinkuni elijwayelekile, ihobhe elikhulu nelincane, kanye ne-klintukha.
Izindawo zokuhlala abantu njengezisekelo zokudla bezilokhu ziheha izinyoni, okube nomthelela ekufuyeni kwabo, ekufuyeni nasekukhiqizeni izinhlobo ezintsha.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ijuba linezitha eziningi. Izilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko (ukhozi, ikhayithi, i-marsh harrier) zibamba amajuba emoyeni. Emhlabeni, izinyoni ziba isisulu esihlwabusayo samaMartens, amakati asendle, ama-ferrets.
Esithombeni ihobhe elinamachashazi
Amajuba ahlala endaweni yasedolobheni ajwayela kahle ukuhamba phansi, lapho kuhlale kunokuthile okuzuzayo ngakho. Mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi afike emagatsheni, ngokungafani nezakhamuzi zasendle.
Ucwaningo lwendlela yokuphila kwezinyoni lukhombisa ukuthi imvelo yasedolobheni ayilula kangako ijuba. Hlobo luni lwenyoni, lokufuduka noma ubusika, ikhonjwe kalula ngabahlinzeki bezinyoni zasebusika. Kuzohlala kukhona ijuba okungathi, kanye nondlunkulu, bazongenela isabelo sabo somuthi. Bachitha ubusika lapho bazalelwa khona.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukungathobeki nokwanda kwamajuba ekudleni kuchazwa yimizwa yokunambitha engathuthukisiwe. Izinyoni zine-37 yazo kuphela uma iqhathaniswa nezamukeli zabantu eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 000. Konke ukudla okutholakele kuyefana kubo. Lesi sici sinikela ekuzivumelaneni kwabo ngempumelelo nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Ikhono lokuthola ukudla lisiza ukuhlala esimweni sezulu esibi.
Ukudla kusekelwe ekudleni kwezitshalo - imbewu, amajikijolo, izithelo, okusanhlamvu. Izinkukhu zigwinya izithelo ezincane ziphelele, kamuva zibopha amathambo. Imbewu ithathwa ezitshalweni noma ikhiwa phansi. Amajuba andizela emasimini kakolweni, ezitshalweni zommbila. Ama-spikelets anezimpaphe awakwazi ukubhoboza, kepha okusanhlamvu okuwile kuyakusiza njengokwelashwa.
Izinyoni zasemadolobheni zithola ukudla ezindaweni okulahlwa kuzo udoti, phakathi kukadoti wokudla. Abantu abaningi bondla izinyoni zabo, ikakhulukazi lapho kubanda. Amajuba ajwayela ukuphatha, abheke emafasiteleni alinde ukudla, andizele ezindaweni lapho asanda kuthola khona.
Izinyoni zidinga amanzi, zidonsa oketshezi ngokungathi ngotshani. Lokhu kwehlukanisa amajuba ezinyonini eziningi, ezithwebula amaconsi ngomlomo bese ziphonsa amakhanda azo emuva ukuze zikhiphe amanzi ngomphimbo. Zifuna amadamu, izinyoni kufanele zihambe amabanga amade.
Kwesinye isikhathi amajuba akhonkotha izikelemu, izinambuzane ezincane. Ngaphezu kwezitshalo zokusanhlamvu, izinyoni ezithanjisiwe zondliwa ngesinkwa, okusanhlamvu namakhambi. Ukuze uthuthukise ukugaya, engeza amagobolondo amaqanda achotshoziwe, amatshe amancane. Umuthi owamukelekile wezinyoni uphizi ophuzi, imbewu kabhekilanga eluhlaza namantongomane agayiwe.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amabili amajuba akhiwa kanye impilo yonke. Isikhathi sokuqomisana siboniswa ukukhala okukhethekile kwezinyoni, ukusabalala komsila, ukuzungeza insikazi. Umbhangqwana osunguliwe uhlanza izimpaphe zomunye nomunye, usondela ngemilomo yawo, njengokungathi uyamanga.
Isikhathi sokuzala asiboshelwe enkathini ethile. Isidleke senyoni sihlelwe endaweni eyedwa. Womabili amajuba enza umsebenzi wokwakha. Phakathi nonyaka kunama-clutches angaba ngu-8, ngalinye lalo lineqanda elilodwa noma amaningi ampunga anezinkomba ezimnyama. Insikazi ikakhulu ihlanganyela ekufukameleni kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-19, kepha kwesinye isikhathi eyesilisa iyangena esikhundleni sayo.
Amachwane achanyuswayo awaboni, awanakuzisiza, ambozwe ngotshwala obuphuzi obuthambile. Abazali bondla inzalo nge-mucus, belching kusuka ku-goiter, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana baletha imbewu. Kwaphela inyanga, izilwane ezincane zifana nezinyoni ezindala.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, impilo yamajuba ayidluli eminyakeni emihlanu. Abantu basekhaya bahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ngokuphepha nokunakekelwa okufanele - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Abantu abaphila isikhathi eside baqoshiwe, begubha iminyaka engama-30 basungulwa.
Ukuzalela amajuba
Inyoni ebukeka njengejuba enezici zokuhlobisa, ihlale iheha abathandi bezinyoni ngokuqukethwe kwayo okungathobekile, ukubukeka kwasekuqaleni. Kepha bahlanganyela ekuzaleni izinhlobo ezigqamile hhayi nje kuphela ngokuhlanganyela emibukisweni, kodwa futhi nasekuqeqesheni, ngezinjongo zokuhweba.
Ekuhleleni ama-dovecotes, ukungabikho kobumanzi kubalulekile, ukukhanyisa okuhle nokuhlanzeka kuyadingeka. Umswakama ophezulu, ubumnyama yizimbangela zezifo zezinyoni. Izakhiwo ezifanelekile ngama-attics noma izakhiwo ezihlukanisiwe ezinomnyango obheke eningizimu.
Ama-perches, amashalofu ezindongeni, izidleke zokhuni ziyadingeka ukuze uhlale kahle wezinyoni. Ukubalwa kwendawo kwenziwa kucatshangelwa isidingo samajuba kumitha e-1 yesikwele ye-aviary. Kufanele kube namabhokisi amaningi esidleke kunamabhangqa ahlosiwe ukuze izinyoni zikwazi ukukhetha ngokukhululekile okulungile.
Iminyaka engcono kakhulu yokuzalanisa amajuba iminyaka emithathu kuya kweyisithupha. Izinyoni ezincane kakhulu nezindala azikulungele ukukhiqiza inzalo enempilo. Kunconywa ukuthenga amajuba asunguliwe. Abantu abanesizungu bangaba nobutha, balwe.
Ukudla okusha, isitsha sokuphuza esinamanzi ahlanzekile, ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuyizidingo eziyisisekelo zezinyoni. Ukugcina ama-dovecotes kumnandi. Izinyoni zijwayela abantu, zibonise ukunakekelwa okwandisiwe kuzo. Ukuxhumana nabo kuvusa umusa, imizwa eqotho ngezinyoni ezimangazayo, abangane bangunaphakade bomuntu.
