Incazelo nezici
Imfumbe mayelana nerobin evela kumfundi wethu uMarina Khaleeva:
Ngindizela ezindaweni ezifudumele ebusika.
Mayelana nomhlaba wami wokuzalwa - inkumbulo yami:
Ukuvutha, ukwindla, iqabunga esifubeni,
Uhlala enami njalo ... Ngingubani? Qamba igama!
Lesi silwane esincane esinamaphiko siyisihlobo sondlunkulu, kodwa sincane ngosayizi (cishe amasentimitha ayi-15). Inyoni enjalo, kanye namagwababa, izinkonjane, i-titmice, izinkanyezi nezinye izinyoni eziningi, ezisakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, zibalwa ngabadokotela bezinyoni njengomuntu odlulayo - ukuhleleka okubanzi kakhulu komphakathi wonke onezimpaphe.
URobin inombala othokozisayo, obonakalayo futhi ogqamile, oyinikeza ukugqama nokuhluka. Ingaphezulu lesembozo salo sezimpaphe kusuka ku-occiput kuya emsileni linsundu lomnqumo noma mpunga ngombala oluhlaza okotshani; izinhlangothi zekhanda, isifuba, umphimbo nebunzi kubomvu ngokubomvu; isisu sicishe sibe mhlophe.
Kepha lena incazelo esondele nje, ngoba ngayinye yalezi zinyoni ibukeka yehluke kancane. Futhi lo mehluko wemibala yezimpaphe awuxhomekile kuphela ebulilini, kodwa futhi nakubudala bomuntu othile, kanye nasendaweni ehlala kuyo.
Indawo ekhanyayo ihlobisa isifuba sama-robins, kepha yehluka kakhulu ezinhlakeni nasemibala egqamile. Kwabesilisa, inombala ocijile. I- "shirt-front" enjalo, ehlobisa abesilisa, ihlala endaweni enkulu, isabalale isuka esifubeni ngaphezulu iye entanyeni futhi iye phambili iye ekhanda.
Izinyoni zaseNingizimu zinezimpaphe ezikhanyayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ihlala kuphi, izinyoni ezindala ezivuthiwe kuphela ezibizwa ngokuthi zinamabele abomvu. I- "dicky" yentsha, efana nomphimbo, izinhlangothi namaphiko, ayiphawulwa ngokuphelele ngombala obomvu, kodwa kunalokho ngombala obomvu obomvu.
Imhlane yezinyoni ezincane ihlukaniswe ngamabala ansundu, kanti ngezansi kumhlophe. Lo ngumbala ovikelayo ongafani neze nemvelo ezungezile, eyenzelwe ukufihla intsha engenalwazi engcupheni engaba khona.
Kodwa-ke, ingubo yezinsikazi ezindala ingaba ecwebezelayo njengaleyo yabesilisa abavuthiwe. Futhi lokhu kuveza incazelo eyimfihlo ehambelana nemvelo. Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi ngendawo esivele ishiwo, ukumiswa nokugqama kwayo, amarobhothi anquma iminyaka yomuntu, uhlobo lohlobo lwayo, uhlobo lwazo, ukulungela kwalo ukukhwelana, futhi futhi luthola olunye ulwazi oluwusizo olukhulu ekuxhumaneni kwezinyoni.
Amachwane, ngokuya ngemibala ethile ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kubo, aqaphela umama wawo, aqonde ukuthi kufanele aziphathe kanjani lapho esondela esidlekeni sanoma yini endizayo: ukumemeza nokuvula imilomo yabo ngokulindela ukudla okulindelwe isikhathi eside noma ukuhlala ngokuthula, besaba ukuheha ukunakekelwa kwesihambi esinezimpaphe esisolisayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunencazelo ekuveleni kwemibala: kungani irobin ibizwa kanjalo? Ucezu oluqhakazile lwezimpaphe ezinemibala ehlukahlukene ebomvu lubonakala buqamama, kusukela lapho luyasikwa lube inkumbulo futhi luhlale enkulumweni yomuntu.
Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi lolu uhlobo "lophawu lukaKristu" - iconsi legazi lakhe, njengoba kusho inganekwane endala. Mhlawumbe yingakho abaseBrithani bethatha izinyoni ezinamabele abomvu njengohlobo lomuntu kaKhisimusi futhi kuleli holide baphrinta izithombe zezinyoni ezinjalo kumakhadi okubingelela.
Ngesizathu esifanayo, izinyoni ezichaziwe zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-robins. Kwabanye abantu, babhekwa njengophawu lwelanga lasekuseni. Esinye isidlaliso se-birdies siyaziwa futhi sisakazekile: ama-alders.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zinethalente elihle. Bangabahlabeleli abahle, abakwaziyo ukwenza imisindo emnandi kakhulu. Futhi ezindabeni zamaphimbo, banethuba lonke lokuncintisana nama-nightingles, kepha ngisho nokubanika ithuba lokuqala.
Ukucula i-robin kanye nombala wezimpaphe, uphethe imininingwane ethile yalezi zinyoni. Lezi zimpawu zenzelwe ukumaka imingcele yendawo ehlala abantu, ukuheha abalingani phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana, futhi zibethela ezinye izinto eziningi eziqondakala kuphela kulezi zidalwa ezihlukile.
Lalela irobhothi licula
Ukucula okunjalo kuzwakala noma ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Isibonelo, ekwindla, kule misindo, umuntu angazizwa edabukile futhi efisa izinsuku ezinhle ezifudumele. Kepha entwasahlobo izingoma ziba phezulu, zikhanye futhi zijabule ngokwengeziwe.
Imisindo enjalo iqhutshwa ngokukhethekile ngokuzungeza indawo entathakusa ekuphumeni kwelanga, futhi iyezwakala nangokusa kokusa ekushoneni kwelanga. Lesi ngesinye isizathu sokubiza izinyoni ezinjalo ngokuthi yirobin noma, kwezinye izimo, kumane nje kukhanye.
Kuyisiko ukuthi laba bameleli bombuso onezimpaphe babalwa nohlobo lwe-thrush oluvela emndenini wezinyoni ezincane ezibizwa nge- "flycatchers". Kodwa-ke, ngokubukeka, i-robin ifana kakhulu nama-nightingales, ukuma komzimba kuphela akulona mpo.
Ngalesi sizathu nezinye, izazi eziningi zezinto eziphilayo zihlukanisa lolu hlobo njengohlobo oluhlukile lwamarobhothi. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo ezikude, ondlunkulu, baziqhayisa ngemilenze emide eqinile, eqina ngokwengeziwe nezidladla eziqinise ngokungavamile.
Umlomo wezinyoni ezinjalo mncane, ucocekile, ubukhali, umnyama ekugcineni; amehlo amnyama, mancane; izimpaphe zihle kakhulu, zinika le nyoni ukuphelela kokubonakalayo nentelezi yangaphandle. Ngokwemvelo, basebenza kanzima, ngokuziphatha kwabo bayasebenza futhi banamandla. Imininingwane eminingi yokubukeka kwabo ingabonakala ku- isithombe se-robin.
Izinhlobo
Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlanganisiwe zibe yizinhlobo ezithola igama elifanayo negama lohlobo oluthile: i-robin (igama lesidlaliso "robin" kufanele kungathiwa alisho amagama esayensi, kepha kube yinkulumo ejwayelekile). Kodwa okuhlukahlukene ngokwako kuhlukaniswe kwaba izinhlobo eziningi zezinsizakalo.
Akubona bonke abameleli babo abahambelana ngombala nangokubukeka kwencazelo enikezwe ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, badinga isici esikhethekile. Kepha osayizi bazo bacishe bafane futhi bahambisane nalezo eziboniswe ngenhla. Futhi isisindo sisondela esilinganisweni esingu-17 amagremu.
- Irobhothi laseJapan lihlala eziqhingini zaseJapan, eningizimu yeChina, eziQhingini zaseKuril naseSakhalin. Ngaphezu kwalokhu osekuvele kushiwo, imibala eyengeziwe yengezwa ezingutsheni zezimpaphe zabesilisa balezi zinhlobo: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiswini nasemhlane, kanye nokumnyama kuzeluleko zamaphiko. Kepha "izintokazi" ezinezimpaphe zale mikhakha ayinayo imibala enjalo. Ukugqoka kwabo kubuswa amathoni ansundu aphaphathekile.
- I-robin enomphimbo omnyama ikakhulukazi ayifani nabazalwane ababalwe ngaphambili ngombala wezimpaphe. Umphimbo wakhe nengxenye engezansi yobuso bakhe ezungeze amehlo akhe namakhala kumnyama. Izimpaphe ezibomvu zimboza ngemuva kwekhanda, emuva nasemaphikweni, futhi isisu sikhanya. Izinyoni ezinjalo zicula kamnandi futhi zakha izidleke emahlathini aseningizimu yeChina, eTaiwan, kanye naseJapan, ikakhulukazi esiQhingini saseRyukyu, ngakho-ke zibizwa nangokuthi amaRyukyu nightingales.
- I-robin yentaba emhlophe enomsila ifana nezinhlobo zangaphansi zangaphambilini ngosayizi kuphela, kepha ubukhulu bomzimba bufana nejuba. Imibala iyaheha futhi iyakhanya. Umbala wepeni ubuswa luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe zendiza zimnyama kancane. Kunemivimbo emhlophe emzimbeni. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala eCaucasus naseSiberia.
- I-robin yasentabeni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezindlela eziningi ifana ngombala nezimpaphe ze-subspecies zangaphambilini. Ingubo yakhe iphethwe yimibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphandle, kubukeka kufana nopholi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokugqama kwemibala yengubo. Inyoni enjalo itholakala e-Indonesia, e-Asia, e-Afrika.
- Irobhothi laseJavane linendawo efana nemifanyana eyedlule, ngaphandle kwe-Afrika kuphela. Imvamisa kutholakala esiqhingini saseJava. Njengoba eyisakhamuzi sezifunda ezifudumele, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesidingo sokwenza izindiza zasebusika, ikakhulukazi kunomuntu ozinzile. Umbala ukhanyayo, ohambelana nezici zezinyoni zaseningizimu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izinyoni ezinamabele abomvu zivame kakhulu kulo lonke elase-Eurasia kusukela e-Atlantic kuye empumalanga kuze kufike eMfuleni i-Ob nasezigodini zemifula yazo. Ngaseningizimu, uhla ludlulela ngaphesheya kweMedithera kuya eNyakatho Afrika.
Ososayensi bazamile ukuxazulula lezi zinyoni ezinhle kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi, zangeniswa eNyakatho Melika nase-Australia. Kepha ukuhlolwa okunjalo akuphumelelanga kakhulu.
Lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zingaba ukufuduka nokuhlala phansi. Konke kuncike ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu endaweni abahlala kuyo. Ukujwayelekile enyakatho yeYurophu, ngokwesibonelo, kuvamise ukuthuthela eCaucasus noma e-Afrika ngesikhathi seqhwa.
Kepha abesabi kakhulu isimo sezulu esibandayo, baya ohambweni ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, futhi babuyele emuva lapho kuneqhwa. Futhi labo asebenethezekile ebusika abazenzi nhlobo izindiza zonyaka.
Iziza azithandayo inyoni robin, ezikhetha indawo yokuhlala, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni ehlathi nokuhlanzwa komhlaba, izihlahla eziminyene, izihlahlana ezicebile zezihlahla, kanye nezingadi namapaki.
Into esemqoka ukuthi kukhona amanzi eduze kwesiza. Ukusondelana kwabantu balezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko akwenzi amahloni ikakhulukazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakati ahamba eduzane nalapho kuhlala khona abantu, kwezinye izimo izinja, angaba yingozi enkulu kulabo bonyoni.
Ehlathini, izimpisi, izimpungushe, izimbila, izinyoni ezidla ezinye zingabadalela inkinga enkulu. Zivame ukucekela phansi izidleke zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ferret, i-sable kanye nabanye abamele umndeni we-weasel babhekwa njengezitha.
URobins akaxhumani phakathi kwabo. Ngokwemvelo bangabantu abanesizungu, ngakho-ke bakhona engxenyeni enkulu ngaphandle kwenkampani. Kodwa-ke, maqondana nezihlobo zabo, baziphatha ikakhulu ngokuthula.
Kepha ezinye izinyoni ziphathwa ngovalo, ukungathembi kanye nobutha, futhi ziyakwazi nokulwa, zivikele indawo ehlala abantu futhi zibuyise izintshisekelo zazo. Abahlukumezi ikakhulukazi abakhulu, abathandi bezingxabano nokukhonjiswa ngabesilisa.
Futhi-ke, uma enye yalezi zinyoni iqala ukulwa, lokhu kuqinisekile i-robin yesilisa... Izintokazi zabo ziyabekezelela futhi ziyavuma. Izinyoni ezinjalo ikakhulu zihlobana nokuzethemba kwabantu.
Futhi ubungani babo, ukufaka umbala obabazekayo nezwi elimnandi kuba yisizathu sabathandi bezinyoni zezingoma ukugcina izilwane ezihlobisa kanjalo ekhaya. Izinyoni zikhululekile ukuhlala ezinkanjini. Kuphela manje kungcono ukutshala lapho ngokwehlukana. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ikakhulukazi komakhelwane besilisa, izingxabano nokulwa akunakugwenywa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Laba abameleli bomndeni we-flycatcher bahambisana kakhulu nesimo esibonisiwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amarobhothi aziwa njengezilokazane ezidla izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwezimpukane nomiyane, phakathi nehlobo elibusisekile, ngokungakhathali bazingela izindimbane zamabhungane nezinambuzane, izicabucabu, amacimbi, izimbungulu, ngenjabulo badla iminenke nezibungu zomhlaba.
Ukufuna inyamazane, izinyoni ezinjalo azidingi ukuzibandakanya, ngakho-ke zizingela, njengoba zihlala, ngamunye ngamunye. Ukudla okunothe kakhulu kwamaphrotheni kulungele kakhulu izinyoni. Kepha ukudla kwezilwane okunjalo akuhlali kutholakala njalo.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngokushesha nje lapho izinsuku ezivundile ezibalele nezishisayo zingasekho, amarobhothi aba nezinkinga ngokudla kwamaprotheni. Ngakho-ke, ekwindla baphoqeleka ukuba badle amajikijolo, okukhona kuwo inani elikhulu emahlathini ngalesi sikhathi, kanye nembewu.
Uma izinyoni zingashiyi izindawo zazo zokuzalwa zasebusika, khona-ke zidla ngenjabulo kubaphakeli abantu abazakhela ngesikhathi esinzima sezinyoni. Kunzima kubo futhi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho sekuvame ukuthi kube nokuqubuka kwentwasahlobo kombuso wezinambuzane. Kepha kungekudala umusa uqala futhi kuma-birdies.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izidleke zikaRobin imvamisa iphansi. Zitholakala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-tier ephansi yehlathi: emagatsheni ezihlahla nangaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, futhi kaningi ngisho nasemhlabathini uqobo, emigodini emincane, emiseleni nakwezinye izindawo zemvelo. Ekwakhiweni kokuhlala kwamachwane, kusetshenziswa izinto ezivame kakhulu futhi ezingathobeki: izindwani zotshani, ukugcwala, amaqabunga.
Futhi konke kuqala entwasahlobo, lapho abesilisa bebuya ekuzuleni okude ebusika. Imisebenzi yabo yemvelo ifaka phakathi: ukuhlala nokubuyisa izindawo zokuhlala nezidleke ezindala, uma zisakulungele ukusetshenziswa.
Izintombi zabo zifika kamuva, lapho izimpi nokulwa sekuvele kwaphela. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukudla kuvela ngamanani anele. Ngakho-ke isikhathi sesifikile sokubheka izizukulwane ezizayo.
Amaqanda kaRobin ngombala ahlanganiswe namakhambi owomile nezimbali ezincane. Anombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo, kwesinye isikhathi abomvana kancane, anamachashazi abomvu. Kungakho ukuhlangana kwalezi zinyoni, okuvela ngoMeyi, ngokwesizinda semvelo, kuvele kungabonakali emehlweni angenamusa.
Imvamisa kuba namaqanda afinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili, kanti isikhathi sawo sokufukamela sihlala isigamu senyanga. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, amarobhothi amadala aphoqeleka ukufudumeza amaphuphu anqunu futhi abuthaka ngemizimba yawo. Elokugcina lichanyuselwa ngesikhumba esimnyama, limbozwe nge-sparse down, futhi alibonakali ngasemuva komhlaba, amagatsha nohlaza oluye lwabola kusukela ekwindla.
I-robin yesifazane - umama onomusa, omnene nonakekelayo. Ubhekana ngokuphelele nezibopho zokukhulisa nokondla izingane. Unikezwe umzwelo oncomekayo wokuba ngumzali, ukulungele ukufudumeza futhi ondle ngokoqobo zonke izinkukhu emhlabeni.
Kepha lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa yizinyoni zezinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo, ama-cuckoos. Bajwayele ukuphonsa amabhola abo kumarobhothi angaqaphile, angenalwazi futhi anakekelayo. Futhi-ke, imvamisa kusuka ezidlekeni zalezi zinyoni, ngaphandle kokutshiyoza kwamachwane azo, inkukhu yenkukhu iyagijima.
Izingane zeRobin zikhula ngokushesha, ngokoqobo kungakapheli amasonto amabili zizelwe. Futhi abazali babo banesikhathi sokwenza enye i-clutch, eyenzeka kwezinye izimo.
Ngesikhathi ingane isishiya isidleke, ayinakubizwa ngokuzimela. Azinakuzisiza futhi azikwazi ngisho nokundiza. Ngakho-ke, umbala okhethekile onamabala wezimpaphe zawo ezikhulile ezinomthunzi wamaqabunga omile namagatsha asehlathini (hhayi njengezinyoni ezindala) ubonakala ulusizo kakhulu kubo, ngoba ngenxa yalokhu, banethuba lokuhlangana nemvelo.
Impilo yama-robins, ngokwesikhathi esimaphakathi, imfishane - isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kepha lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukufa kwamantshontsho kuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho izinyoni ezinjalo ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12. Kepha izinyoni ezifuywayo ezivalekile zihlala isikhathi eside ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yokunakekelwa ngabantu.
