Abamele oklebe boMhlaba Odala babizwa ngenye indlela ngokuthi amanqe. Izimpaphe ezinde zemidondoshiya kudala zaheha abazingeli, abebehlobisa izitho zabo ezibizayo, amakhaya abo. Inqe - inyoni ngokubonakala okukhohlisayo kwesilwane esesabekayo. Eqinisweni, ayikho ingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Incazelo nezici
Amanqe ezinhlobo ezehlukene ahluka kakhulu ngesisindo nangosayizi. Izinyoni ezincane zinesisindo esingu-1.5 kg kuphela, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-65. Abantu abakhulu banesisindo esingu-12-14 kg, amaphiko angaba ngamamitha ama-3. Onke amanqe ahlanganiswa ngobukhulu, ngokuqhathaniswa nomzimba, izidladla ezinamabala, izimpiko ezibanzi, uqhwaku olunamandla olugobile.
Umsila mfushane, uyindilinga kancane. Ikhanda nentamo akunazimpaphe. Imvamisa zihamba ze ngokuphelele, zinezimpinda, noma azimboziwe ngokulambisa phansi. Umzimba oluhlaza, kunalokho, unamandla ngenxa yezimpaphe eziningi naphansi. Kuyamangaza amaphiko amakhulu ezinyoni, ubude bawo bukhulu ngokuphindwe ka 2-2.5 kunobude bomzimba.
Entanyeni yenyoni, kunezimpaphe eziqhakazile ngesimo somphetho ngendlela ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke, imvelo yanakekela umkhiqizo ohlanzekile ongavumeli ukuthi inqe lingcole ngenkathi lisika inyamazane. Indandatho yezimpaphe ibambe igazi eligelezayo lesilwane.
Umbala wehlukile ekukhanyeni, uyinhlanganisela yamathoni ampunga, amnyama, amhlophe, ansundu. Intsha ivelele ngemibala ekhanyayo, emidala - ngemibala emnyama. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinyoni zobulili obuhlukile ngombala noma ngosayizi; azikho ukubonakaliswa okukhethekile kwe-dimorphism yezocansi.
Izici zezinyoni zifaka izidladla ezibuthakathaka, okuyi inqe ayikwazi ukugcina isisulu. Ngakho-ke, akalokothi ahlasele isitha. Kodwa uqhwaku lomzingeli luqinile, luvumela ukusika izidumbu ezinkulu. I-goiter enamandla, isisu esinamandla esinenhlanzi sinikela ngokudla okukodwa okufika ku-4-5 kg wokudla. I-Physiology ikhombisa ukulutha kwenqe ekusetshenzisweni kwezidumbu.
Izinhlobo
Amanqe ama-Hawk akufanele adidaniswe nabamele baseMelika, ababizwa ngamaNew World vultures. Ukufana ngokubukeka akuqinisekiswa ubuhlobo obuseduze. Amanqe angabizwa ngokuthi yizihlobo zamanqe oklebe.Inqe laseMelika eduze kozalo kuma-condors.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu ziyizinhlobo eziyi-15 zamanqe, ezihlala ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezifudumele. Ngamunye inqe esithombeni ihlukaniswa iso elibukhali, ukubukeka okungavamile. Akumangalisi ukuthi izinyoni zazibhekwa njengezidalwa ze-totem, ezinikezwe izakhiwo ezikhethekile.
Inqe yaseBengal. Isidlakudla esikhulu esinezimpaphe ezimnyama kumnyama, amabala amhlophe ezimpikweni, siyathembisa. Ibhande lophaphe entanyeni. Amathafa, izindawo eziphansi, izindawo eziseduze nokuhlala abantu ziheha inqe yaseBengal. Isidlakudla esinezimpaphe sivamile eNdiya, e-Afghanistan, eVietnam.
Inqe lase-Afrika. Umbala we-Cream onama-brown brown. Ikhola emhlophe entanyeni. Indawo ehlala ama-savanna, amahlathi amancane aphila impilo yokuhlala phansi. Le nyoni encane yaziwa kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika. Ihlala ezindaweni ezinamagquma, izintaba eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-1500 m.
Inqe likaGriffon. Umhlali wezindawo ezinamadwala eningizimu yeYurophu, izindawo ezisemaqeleni e-Asia, izifunda ezomile zasehlane zase-Afrika. Ukuphakama kwama-3000 m we-griffon vulture akuwona umkhawulo. Inyoni le inkulu, inamaphiko abanzi. Izimpaphe zinsundu, ezindaweni zibomvu. Amaphiko ayithoni eyodwa mnyama. Ikhanda elincane elinomlomo wengwegwe limbozwe okumhlophe phansi.
Inqe laseKapa. Isakhamuzi sezindawo ezinamadwala esifundeni saseKapa. Le nyoni ivame kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Afrika. Umbala uyisiliva onemigqa ebomvu esifubeni. Emaphikweni, izimpaphe zimnyama ngombala. Isisindo sabantu abakhulu sidlula ama-12 kg.
Inqe laseHimalaya (iqhwa). Uhlala ezinkangala zaseHimalaya, eTibet, ePamir. Usayizi omkhulu wenqe uyahlaba umxhwele - ubukhulu bamaphiko bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-300. Kukhona ukhololo omkhulu wezimpaphe entanyeni. Umbala we-beige okhanyayo. Izinyoni ezincane zimnyama. Ukunqoba ukuphakama okufika ku-5000 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Inqe laseNdiya. Izinhlobo zisengozini. Ubukhulu benyoni bujwayelekile, umbala womzimba unsundu, amaphiko anombala onsundu, "amabhulukwe" akhanyayo. Uhlala ePakistan, eNdiya.
Intamo kaRüppel. Inyoni encanyana, efinyelela ku-80 cm ubude, enesisindo esilinganiselwa ku-4.5 kg. Inqe lase-Afrika liqanjwe ngo-Eduard Rüppel, isazi sezilwane saseJalimane. Inhloko, intamo, isifuba amathoni akhanyayo, amaphiko acishe abe mnyama ngombala. Ikhola emhlophe, isethembiso, izimpaphe zephiko eziphansi. Uhlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeSahara, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika.
Intamo emnyama. Ezilwaneni zomhlaba inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke. Ubude bomzimba we-giant ngu-1-1.2 m, i-wingspan ingamamitha 3. ERussia, lo ummeleli onamandla kunabo bonke wezinyoni. Ikhanda limbozwe phansi, entanyeni kukhona ukujabula kwezimpaphe, okufana nomgexo. Umbala wezinyoni ezindala unsundu, ama-juveniles amnyama kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwezinyoni kujwayelekile kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwase-Australia nase-Antarctica. Iningi lamanqe lise-Afrika. Izinyoni zikhangwa izindawo ezivulekile - izikhala ezinkulu, imithambeka yezintaba, amahlathi amancane anezidumbu zamanzi eduze.
Inyoni yenyathi indiza kahle, ikhuphukela phezulu. Kwabhalwa icala lomhlangano odabukisayo wenqe lase-Afrika ngendiza endiza endaweni ephakeme ka-11.3 km. Ijubane lokundiza kwebha lifinyelela kuma-60 km / h, futhi ukwehla okusheshayo kwehla ngokushesha okuphindwe kabili. Emhlabathini, izilwane ezidla ezinye zigijima ngejubane elikhulu. Ngenhloso yokuhlanzeka, bahlala kaningi emagatsheni, bendlala amaphiko abo ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga.
Izinyoni zezinhlobo ezahlukene zihlala ezindaweni ezihlala njalo zohlobo lwazo. Impendulo yombuzo, inqe liyinyoni efudukayo noma ebusika, - ukuhlala phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi, izidlakela ezifuna ukudla zihlasela izindawo zakwamanye amazwe. Ngihlala ngedwa, kwesinye isikhathi ngihamba ngababili.
Uhlobo lwamanqe luzolile, lubekelwe imingcele. Umsebenzi wabo wansuku zonke ohlotshaniswa nesici sokudla - abahlinzeki abajwayelekile basebenza njengemiyalo yokucekela phansi izidumbu zezilwane. Izilwane zasendle azibathandi, ngakho-ke, amanqe awatholi songo kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Izilwane ezizingelayo zihamba phezu kwamathafa amahora amaningi zifuna ukudla. Sebenzisa imisinga yomoya ekhuphukayo ukuze ungachithi amandla. Ukuqapha isikhathi eside kwamasayithi kuyisici sezinyoni ezibekezelayo, eziphikelelayo.
Ukubona okucijile kwenza kube lula ukubuka izidumbu zezilwane ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo; zingakwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula izinto eziphilayo kwalezo eziwile. Amanqe abuka ukuziphatha komunye nomunye. Uma inyoni eyodwa ibona inyamazane, khona-ke ezinye ziyashesha ziyilandele.
Imidondoshiya enezimpiko ayibonwa ngokungqubuzana. Futhi azikhombisi ulaka kwezinye izinyoni. Amanqe aqoqwe esidlekweni angaxosha omakhelwane abaphikelelayo ngokushaywa ngamaphiko abo, kepha abalokothi bahlaselane. Ngesikhathi sedili, ungezwa amazwi ezinyoni, imvamisa athule. Bahayiza, baklwebhe, bahuge, kube sengathi bayakhala.
Izidliwayo zinezindlela eziningana zokuzingela - zizulazula zisuka endaweni ephakeme, zilandela izidalwa ezinkulu ngenkathi zilinde ukudla, zilandela izilwane ezigulayo. Amanqe awalokothi azame ukusondeza ukufa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Uma kubonakala izimpawu zokuphila kwezilwane ezikhathele, ziyayeka eceleni. Ukufuna ukudla ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi kuhlale kuyimpumelelo kumanqe. Lapha bathola inhlanzi efile, amaqanda aphukile. Amanqe awangeni ekulweleni inyamazane nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Umthamo omkhulu wesisu ubavumela ukuba badle kakhulu, ngemajini.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ekufuneni inyamazane, izinyoni zisizwa izimpisi, ezinye izikhohlakali, okungabokuqala ukuthola inyamazane. Amanqe abheka ngokucophelela ukuziphatha kwezilwane, azilandele. Phakathi kwamanqe ezinhlobo ezahlukene, kukhona ubuchwepheshe bokudla ekusikeni izidumbu ezinkulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zidla izicubu ezithambile, izibilini, ezinye - imicu emibi ngesikhumba, amathambo, imisipha, uqwanga. Lapho isilwane esifile sinesikhumba esijiyile, amanye amanqe alinda usizo ezihlotsheni ezinkulu ukuze zihlatshwe okokuqala.
Sekukonke, izinyoni eziningi zihlangana zizungeze isidumbu esisodwa, ezikwazi ukuququda ngokuphelele amathambo ngemizuzu eyi-10. Ukudla kwamanqe kuqukethe ikakhulukazi izinsalela zama-ungulates:
- i-wildebeest;
- izimvu zasentabeni;
- izingwenya;
- izindlovu;
- izimbuzi;
- amaqanda ezinyoni;
- izimfudu nezinhlanzi;
- izinambuzane.
Izidumbu zezilwane ezifile azihlali zintsha njalo, kepha izinyoni zize zidle inyama ebolile. Ijusi lesisu esiswini kakhulu, ibhaktheriya ekhethekile emelana nobuthi, ivikela ezifweni.
Izinyoni zibizwa ngezici eziyimfihlakalo, zihlukaniswa njengezilwane ezingcolile. Kodwa izidumbu ziqapha ngokucophelela ukubukeka kwazo. Ngemuva kokudla, bahlanza izimpaphe zabo, baphuze kakhulu, futhi babhukude. Ngezinsuku ezicacile, bathatha ama-ultraviolet bath ukuze bavikele kuma-bacterium, basakaze amaphiko abo ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwamanqe siqala ngoJanuwari futhi siqhubeka kuze kufike uJulayi. Izinyoni zinobudlelwano bodwa. Ukukhethwa komlingani kwenziwa ngokucophelela, ukuqomisana kugcwele amasiko, kunikeza ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe, ukunakekelwa. Umsebenzi ophakeme ubonwa entwasahlobo, ngoMashi, Ephreli. Izindiza ezihlangene, imidanso yasemoyeni, ukufika kokwehla kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zithandani sezithuthukile.
Izinyoni zikhetha indawo yokwakha izidleke phakathi kwemifantu, ngaphansi kwamatshe, onqenqemeni lwewa. Okudingeka kuqala yindawo ephakeme engafinyeleleki ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Njengomthetho, lokhu kungaphezulu kwesihlahla esisakazekayo noma indawo phakathi kwamatshe angenakufinyeleleka.
Amanqe awabesabi abantu - kuqoshwe amacala okudakelwa eduze kwendlu yomuntu. Izinyoni zikhetha izakhiwo ezilahliwe noma imifantu yezindlu ezindala.
Isokhethi Sentamo yindishi yamagatsha amakhulu, ngaphakathi kwayo ngezansi kugcwele utshani obuthambile. Lesi sakhiwo sesikhonze lezi zithandani isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-beige ama-1-3 amakhulu anezinkomba ezimnyama. Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela ekufukameleni. Isikhathi sokufukamela sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-55.
Amanqe adlisa amaphuphu achanyuselwe ngokudla, okulethwa ku-goiter bese kuvuseleleka khona lapho. Izinsana zichitha izinyanga ezingu-2-3 esidlekeni zize zizalwe ngokugcwele. Ngemuva kwalokho isigaba sokuqala sokwazi umhlaba wonke siqala.
Ukukhula ngokocansi amaphuphu enqe iba yiminyaka engama-5-7 kuphela, ukuzalaniswa kwamabili kwenzeka ngezikhathi zeminyaka engu-1-2. Ngaphandle kokuzala okuncane, izinyoni ziyakwazi ukugcina inani labantu ngenxa yezici eziningi:
- ukukhuthazela kwezinyoni ezimeni zokondliwa okungajwayelekile;
- usayizi omkhulu wezinhlobo eziningi, ezethusayo izidalwa ezinemilenze emine.
Umsebenzi womuntu uletha izinguquko ezingezinhle esiphethweni samanqe amaningi. Isisekelo sokudla sezinyoni siyancipha ngenxa yokuthuthuka komhlaba okhululekile ngabantu, ukubhujiswa kwezilwane eziningi zasendle. Ubuthi, amalungiselelo emfuyo asetshenziswa odokotela bezilwane, ikakhulukazi, i-diclofenac, abulala izinyoni.
Impilo yenqe endalweni ihlala iminyaka engama-40. Ezimweni zokuthunjwa, ama-long livers of scavengers anezimpaphe ayeneminyaka engu-50-55 ubudala. Ukusondelana nomuntu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukutadisha izici zamanqe, ukuzisebenzisa ekufuneni ukuvuza kwegesi.
Ukuthola umgodi emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka kude nedolobha kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nemithombo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, kwanezelwa into ekwakheni igesi, eheha izinyoni ezizwelayo ngephunga. Ukuqoqwa kwamanqe amakhulu ezindaweni ezivuzayo kuyisiginali yeqembu elilungisa izinto.
Izinyoni zasendulo kade zaheha abantu ngendlela yabo yokuphila, izici zokudla. Amanqe avusa imizwa ephikisanayo kubantu, kufaka phakathi nokukhulekelwa kwababusi bakomunye umhlaba.
