Incazelo nezici
AmaKites yizinyoni ezidla inyama enkulu, umndeni we-hawk. Bafinyelela ubude obufinyelela ku-0.5 m, ikhayithi elidala linesisindo esingu-1 kg. Izimpiko zincane, kepha zinde ngobude - zinobude obufinyelela ku-1.5 m.
Umbala wezimpaphe uhlukile, ikakhulukazi izimpaphe ezicebile ezinsundu, nsundu nezimhlophe. AmaKites ngokuvamile anezidladla ezincane, noqhwaku oluncane, olukhonjiwe. Befuna ukudla, bachitha isikhathi esiningi emoyeni, bezulazula kancane ezindaweni zokuzingela.
Izindawo zokuhlala zale nyoni ezidla inyama zikuyo yonke indawo, kodwa-ke, ingxenye encane kuphela yama-kites ahlala phansi. Njengama-zone anjalo, imvamisa bakhetha amahlathi aminyene aminyene, eduze nemizimba yamanzi.
Izinhlobo
1. Ikhayithi elimnyama. Ujwayelekile. Ubude bomzimba u-50-60 cm, isisindo esingu-800-1100 g, amaphiko angu-140-155 cm nobude bephiko obungu-41-51 cm.
Izindawo zokuhlala ikhayithi elimnyama yonke indawo, ngenkathi kuya ngendawo inyoni kungaholela kokubili ukuhlala phansi nokuphila ngokufuduka.
Lalela izwi lekhayithi elimnyama
Izinhlobo ezincane zekhayithi elimnyama:
- Ikhayithi laseYurophu, elihlala eYurophu (izifunda zalo eziseningizimu-mpumalanga nasenkabeni), lasebusika e-Afrika. Ikhanda lalo likhanya ngombala.
- I-black-eared kite, ihlala eSiberia, endaweni yesifunda sase-Amur.
- Ikhayithi elincane laseNdiya elihlala empumalanga yePakistan, ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNdiya naseSri Lanka.
- Ikhayithi elinomsila, elivela ePapua naseMpumalanga ye-Australia.
- Ikhayithi laseTaiwan, lizulazula eTaiwan naseHainan.
Kuboniswe ikhayithi elinomsila
Izindawo zokuzingela ikhayithi elimnyama zingama-glades asehlathini, amasimu, amabhange emifula nezicathulo. Akavamile ukuzingela ehlathini. Ukubanjwa kwe-kite kuchaza njenge-polyphage.
Yize ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko kuyi-gopher, ingazingela izinhlanzi, amagundane ahlukahlukene, ama-ferrets, ama-hamsters, ama-hedgehogs, izibankwa, izinyoni ezincane (ondlunkulu, ama-thrush, ama-finches, ama-woodpeckers), kanye nama-hares.
2. Ikhayithi lika-Whistler... Yonke indawo ihlala ezindaweni zase-Australia, New Caledonia naseNew Guinea. Yinyoni yehlathi, ihlala eduze kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, kuhola indlela yokuphila ezolile, ngaphakathi kwe-biocenosis efanayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bangafudukela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zezwekazi ngezikhathi zesomiso.
Wathola isidlaliso sakhe ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe okunomsindo kakhulu. Le nyoni ikhwela amakhwela lapho indiza nangesikhathi sesidleke. Kukhala ikhayithi impempe izwakala njengempempe enkulu, yomlingiswa ofayo, ilandelwe yimifushane eminingi, ngayinye iphakeme kunaleyo eyedlule.
Ukudla kwabo kufaka zonke izilwane abangazithola: inhlanzi, izinambuzane, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni, ama-crustaceans, izilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni. Azinqabi nezidumbu, kanti nase-New Guinea kites, yakha ingxenye yengonyama yokudla. Amakhwela adla izidumbu ebusika kuphela.
3. IBrahmin Kite. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala eSri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, nase-Australia. Kuhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi ngasogwini.
Ihlala ngaphakathi kwe-biocenosis efanayo, kepha ingenza izindiza zonyaka ezihambisana nesikhathi semvula. Isisekelo sokudla kwale nyoni yisidumbu, izinhlanzi ezifile nenkalankala. Kwesinye isikhathi izingela izimbila, izinhlanzi futhi yebe ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
4. Ikhayithi elibomvu... Usayizi omaphakathi (ubude bomzimba: 60-65 cm, ubude: 175-195 cm). Kukhona ama-subspecies ama-2. Izindawo zokuhlala ziyahlukahluka emhlabeni jikelele, kusukela eScandinavia, eYurophu naseCIS kuya e-Afrika, eCanary Islands naseCaucasus. Ikhetha isimo sezulu esipholile, amahlathi ahlabayo futhi axubekile eduze kwamathafa nezinsimu zezolimo.
Lalela izwi lekhayithi elibomvu
5. Ikhayithi elinamazinyo amabili. It got igama layo main amazinyo 2 on the ngomlomo. Unyawo olubomvu. Osayizi bancane, isisindo esiphezulu: 230 g. Phambilini, kwakungokomndeni wokhozi. Ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo / asezindaweni ezishisayo, kusukela esifundeni esiseningizimu yeMexico kuya eBrazil. Ihlala yonke indawo ebangeni layo.
6. Ikhayithi elimpunga. Kuzaliswa eMpumalanga Mexico, ePeru, e-Argentina, esiQhingini sasePtiatsa, eTrinidad. Ebusika, indizela eningizimu. Yisihlobo sekhayithi laseMississippi, kodwa-ke, ihlukile kunombala wayo wezimpaphe zesiliva elimnyama, futhi umphetho wamaphiko yi-chestnut.
Kuhlala amathafa kanye namahlathi asezindaweni eziphansi. Ukudla okuyinhloko izinambuzane ezigcwele imiqhele yezihlahla nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ikhishi laseMississippi kubheke njengama-subspecies. Ukuphila esifundeni esiseNingizimu-Maphakathi ne-United States, kufudukela emazweni aseningizimu. Uthanda isimo sezulu esipholile, ubanzi.
7. I-Slug kite... Ohlala ezifundeni eziseNingizimu-Ephakathi zaseMelika. Le nyoni inesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, ubude bayo bungu-36-48 cm, amaphiko ayi-100-120 cm nesisindo esingu-350-550 g.Ukudla kwayo okuwukuphela kweminenke yama-ampullary, ngenxa yalokho ihlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi namachibi. Ngosizo lomlomo omncane, ogobile, umhlaseli ukhipha imollusk egobolondweni legobolondo.
8. Ikhubati kite. Kusatshalaliswe kulo lonke elase-Australia, kepha ababaningi kangako abantu. Kuhola impilo yokuhlala nje, kepha ezinye zezinyoni zenza izindiza ezifudukayo. Ukudla kwayo yizilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni namaqanda azo, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, iminenke nezinambuzane.
9. Ikhayithi elinezindlebe ezimnyama. Uhlala enyakatho ye-Australia. Ikhetha izindawo ezishisayo ezinciphile, amahlathi, izimfunda ezomile nezingwadule njengendawo yokuhlala. Yinyoni enkulu kunazo zonke e-Australia enomzimba ophakeme ngamasentimitha angama-50-60, ukumbozwa kwamaphiko okungu-145-155 cm, nesisindo esifinyelela ku-1300 g.
Izisulu zayo ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni kanye nezidleke zazo. I-bite ye-buzzard enamabele amnyama iyakwazi ukusika amaqanda ezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla phansi ngetshe.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Umuntu akakwazi ukuphikisa ukuthi le nyoni iyafuduka yini. Iningi lalezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zifuduka ebusika, kanti izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela, ama-subspecies noma abantu ngabanye abaphila impilo "ehlala njalo". Imvamisa, indizela e-Afrika nasemazweni afudumele ase-Asia, ezinye izinhlobo zase-Australia zifudukela ngaphakathi kuleli zwekazi.
Okokundiza, ama-kites ahlangana emhlambini omkhulu, okuyivelakancane ngezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Ukufika kwabantu bokuqala ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke kuphawulwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoMashi. Endaweni ye-Dnieper engezansi, ingavela ngisho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili.
Ukuhamba kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Abantu baseNyakatho bama-kites bafika kamuva entwasahlobo, futhi bandiza ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngezinsuku eziyi-7-9.
Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ama-kites ashisa amahlathi ngokuziphonsa emlilweni, ngaleyo ndlela "abhema" inyamazane evela ezindaweni zokukhosela
AmaKites ancamela ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi amaningi, okunika ithuba elingenakuphikwa ekuzingeleni nasekusindeni. Akulula ngezinyoni ukuvikela izindawo zokuzingela. Ukuvikela amakhaya abo ekungeneleleni kozakwabo, ama-kites alengisa izinto ezicwebezelayo ngethemba lokuthi azowethusa.
Ekufuneni, lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama ziyakwazi ukundiza emoyeni isikhathi eside. Abalindi bezinyoni abaningi bayakwazi ukubona uhlobo lwekhayithi ngontaba-mlilo ohlukile esibhakabhakeni.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinyoni azikhethi ngokudla. Zidla cishe konke ukudla okuyimvelaphi yezilwane, kuyilapho zingadicileli phansi ngisho nezinsalela kanye nempango ethathwe kwezinye izidalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinhlobo, kwenza ingxenye enkulu yokudla.
AmaKites adla konke angakuthola: izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans. Okwe-slug-eater, ukudla okuyinhloko iminenke enkulu ye-ampullary.
Kwezolimo ama-kites letha njenge inzuzo, Ngakho nokulimaza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulawula inani lamagundane, kanye nokwenza ngendlela ehlelekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlasela izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-kites abesifazane ngokuvamile makhulu futhi asinda kunabesilisa. Bobabili bayabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwesidleke. Izinyoni zisebenzisa amagatsha anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kuthi ugqoko lwesidleke luhlanganiswe notshani obomile, ubulembu, indwangu, iziqephu zephepha, uboya nokunye.
Lapho isidleke silungiswa, ikhayithi elimnyama liyasiqinisa ngamagatsha bese lakha isisekelo esisha. Isidleke esisodwa sisetshenziswa kuze kube yiminyaka emi-4-5, okusho ukuthi singashintsha ngosayizi phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi.
Ondlunkulu bavame ukuhlala ezindongeni zesidleke. Lezi zidleke zitholakala ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni ezingafika kumamitha angama-20 ngaphezu komhlaba, kwesinye isikhathi ziphakeme ngamamitha ayi-10-11.Izihlahla zokwakha izidleke zivame ukutholakala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi - i-oki, i-alder, i-birch bark.
Ezimweni zesifunda se-Dnieper, ikhayithi elimnyama liqala ukubeka amaqanda ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Isikhathi sokubeka inkomba enhle kakhulu yokuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kungakanani ekukhiqizeni.
Ukubekwa kwamaqanda ekhayithi elimnyama kwenzeka kuphela ebudeni bosuku obungu-14.5 - 15 wamahora. Ukutshala kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-26-28 bese kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala. Ibamba eligcwele liphakathi kwamaqanda amabili kuya kwamane.
Amantshontsho ekhayithi
Amachwane aqanduselwa ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni. Amachwane weminyaka ehlukene atholakala ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke. Izazi zezinyoni ziye zabona amacala okufa kwamachwane achanyuselwe, ngenxa yokudliwa kokudla okuningi kwamachwane amadala, kanye nokuthi ngemuva kokundiza, abazali bavame ukuyeka ukunakekela inzalo yabo.
Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso sokusinda kwamantshontsho e-black kite ehlathini likaphayini laseSamara (ngokusho kuka-A.D Kolesnikov) angama-59.5%. Iningi lokufa kwabo lihlobene ngqo nezenzo zabantu.
