I-Meerkat - umhlaseli omncane ovela emndenini we-mongoose. Umhlali wezindawo ezingama-savanna nezogwadule eningizimu ye-Afrika. Uhlala emaqenjini emindeni yabantu abangaba ngu-20.
Igama elithi meerkat lisuselwa egameni lesistimu yezinhlobo ze-Suricata suricatta. NgesiRashiya, ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gama ebulilini besifazane kuvunyelwe: meerkat. Igama lesibili lesilwane lisetshenzisiwe: i-mirkat enomsila omncane. Lokhu kuhluka kufana negama lesiBhunu.
AmaMeerkats anesiteketiso esingajwayelekile kakhulu. Umlando wokubonakala kwawo uhlotshaniswa nothando lwezilwane ukuma kukholamu. Uma ijazi eline-tousled likhanyiswa yilanga, uhlobo lwe-areola lwenziwa luzungeze umzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu babizwa ngezingelosi zelanga.
Incazelo nezici
Umzimba olinganiselayo wezilwane unemilenze ephakeme enezinyawo ezinezinyawo ezine nomsila omude, omncane. Ama-meerkats anezinzipho eziqinile ezidladleni zangaphambili. Zisebenza ukumba izimbobo, nokuthola izinambuzane phansi.
Isilwane esikhulile sinesisindo esisuka ku-600 kuye ku-1200 amagremu. Umzimba ucishe ube ngamasentimitha angama-30. Kumbozwe ngoboya obuqhafuqhafu, obudaywe ngwevu ngokufakwa kwamathoni wesinaphi, obomvu noma onsundu. Imivimbo eguqukayo eguqukayo isebenza ngemuva. Emilenzeni nasesiswini, uboya buncane futhi bulula.
Imigwaqo emnyama ezungeze amehlo ngokubonakalayo ikhulisa izitho zombono esezivele zingezincane. Amehlo amakhulu emvelweni avame ukudlala indima esabisayo, ethusayo. Ubona kahle i-meerkat, ijwayele i-hyperopia. Umuzwa ojulile wephunga nokuzwa okuhle kusiza amehlo.
Ama-auricles mancane, amile okakhwezi. Ipendiwe emnyama futhi itholakala ezingeni leso. Isici esivelele yikhono lokuvala imisele yokuzwa. Lokhu kusindisa izindlebe ekutholeni isihlabathi nomhlaba lapho kumbiwa imigodi.
Isifonyo semibungu sinyathela emakhaleni athambile, ansundu. Lesi sitho sinikeza umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga. Futhi-ke, ikuvumela ukuthi unuke ukudla okungaba khona ngaphansi komhlaba ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-20-30.
Umlomo unosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Ifakwe amazinyo amaningi abukhali. Isethi yabo ifaka zonke izinhlobo ezidingekayo: ama-incisors nama-canines, okungenziwa ngumzingeli ngaphandle kwawo, kanye namazinyo we-premolar kanye nama-molars.
Ukucushwa okujwayelekile kwezici ze-physiognomic kunika isithombe sokuthi isilwane meerkat kuyisidalwa esifuna ukwazi futhi esinobuqili. Lo muzwa wandiswa yindlela yokusebenza yokwelula ikholomu nokubuka ngokucophelela isikhala esiseduze.
Ama-Meerkats anomsila ongafika kumasentimitha angama-25 ubude. Kubukeka kucashile ngenxa yokushoda koboya bezinwele. Ama-Meerkats avame ukuma ngemilenze yawo yangemuva, umsila usiza ukugcina ukuma mpo.
Ngesikhathi sokulwa okukodwa nenyoka, kusebenza njengenhloso engamanga. Ibala elimnyama ekugcineni kwomsila lisiza ukuphazamisa ukunaka kwesilwane esihuquzelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njengefulegi lokusayina. Isiza enhlanganweni yezenzo ezihlangene, ukunyakaza.
Ama-meerkats ahamba ngokusekelwa kuwo wonke amanqina amane. Ijubane lokuhamba lifinyelela ku-30 km / h. Izidladla azivumeli kuphela ukugijima, kodwa futhi nokuma. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhethwe izindawo eziphakeme zokuqapha, ukukhula okuphelele kwe-meerkat kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole i-savannah noma ugwadule uye phezulu.
Uma imilenze yangemuva inika ithuba lokuba sendaweni emi mpo, abaphambili babamba iqhaza ekumbeni. I-meerkat inezinzipho ezi-4 kuzo zonke izidladla. Kepha ngaphambili zinde futhi zinamandla amakhulu. Zifinyelela ku-2 cm ubude, zigobile, njengamazinyo womshini ohambisa umhlaba.
Lesi akusona isikhali sokulwa, kodwa ithuluzi elisebenzayo. Ngosizo lwezinzipho zayo, ngomzuzu owodwa imerkat ingamba umgodi oyowulungela ngokuphelele. Noma, lapho ufuna ukudla, susa inhlabathi izikhathi eziningana ngaphezu kwesisindo sayo ebusweni.
Izinhlobo
Ama-Meerkats awahlukile ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo. Bayingxenye yomndeni wama-mongoose noma i-Herpestidae. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-monotypic Suricata lwakhiwa. Iqukethe uhlobo olulodwa, iSuricata suricatta. Kuleli fomu, ososayensi bathole izinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphansi.
- I-meerkat yaseNingizimu Afrika. Isakhamuzi esiseningizimu yeNamibia neBotswana, sitholakala eNingizimu Afrika.
- I-meerkat yase-Angola. Izwe lalesi silwane liseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Angola.
- Ugwadule meerkat. Umhlali Wogwadule lwaseNamib, maphakathi nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNamibia.
Umehluko kuma-subspecies mincane. Uchwepheshe wombala woboya kuphela onganquma ukuthi ikuphi okungaphansi meerkat esithombeni... I-meerkat yase-Angola ibomvu ngokugqamile ngombala. I-meerkat yasogwadule ipendwe ngemibala ekhanyayo: ophuzi, lwesinaphi. Izakhamizi zaseningizimu ye-Afrika zinsundu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Meerkats yizilwane ezincane ezigqobayo. Akumbiwa imigodi eyodwa, kepha amanethiwekhi aphelele anokungena okuphumayo okuningana. Izindawo zokuhlala zisetshenziselwa ukuhlala ebusuku, ukukhosela ekushiseni emini, ukutakulwa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nokuzala inzalo.
Iqembu le-meerkat liyinhlangano yezenhlalo enezixhumi eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphakathi Imvamisa kuba nabantu abayi-10-20. Kepha kungahle kube nokuphambuka kwamanani kolunye uhlangothi noma kolunye. Inombolo encane ingabantu abangu-3-4. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela imindeni emikhulu enamalungu angamashumi amahlanu. Umndeni omkhulukazi owabonwa wawunezilwane ezingama-63.
Inqubo ephawuleka kakhulu yenhlangano imisebenzi yokuphepha engapheli. Ama-meerkats amaningana asebenza njengababukeli. Abalindi bazelula ngamakholomu bese bebuka indawo ezungezile, bengakhohlwa ngesibhakabhaka.
Lapho kuvela inyoni edla inyama noma isitha phansi, onogada banikeza isignali. Umndeni wonke ugijimela endlini yokuhlala engaphansi komhlaba. Ukungena okuningana kohlelo lokubhola kanye nendawo yokukhosela kuvumela ukuphuma kwabantu ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, umlindi wokuqala uvela emgodini. Ngaphandle kwezinsongo, iqembu lonke libuyela ngaphezulu.
Mayelana nama-meerkats kuyiqiniso ukuthi amandla okuhlanganisa kwanoma yiliphi iqembu athumela imiyalezo. Umsila udlala indawo yethuluzi lokukhomba elisobala kakhulu. Indawo ekhethekile ihlala amasiginali womsindo - izindlela zokuxhumana ezinolwazi kakhulu.
Abaphenyi babala cishe imisindo engamashumi amathathu ehlukene, noma, njengoba ososayensi besho, amagama. Amagama ahlanganisiwe abe yimishwana. Lokho wukuthi, ukukhala kwe-meerkat kungaba yinkimbinkimbi.
Imilayezo yomsindo inencazelo ethile. Isibonelo, ukukhala komlindi kungazisa umndeni hhayi kuphela ngokusondela kwesilwane, kodwa ngohlobo lwaso nezinga lobungozi.
Izilwane zisabela ngendlela ehlukile kubizo lwabalindi. Uma isitha sasemhlabeni sithathwa, ama-meerkats acasha emigodini, kepha angavele aqoqane azungeze amawundlu. Lapho zisongelwa emoyeni, izinyamazana ziyacathama bese ziqala ukubheka esibhakabhakeni, noma zihlehlele ngokushesha endaweni yokukhosela.
Ukuziphatha kuncike kwisiginali yokuthumela, equkethe iziqu ezintathu zezinga lobungozi: phezulu, phakathi naphansi.
Umndeni uholwa yizithandani ze-alpha. Kubuswa ngowesifazane. Okusho ukuthi, ukubusa komshado kubusa emphakathini wase-meerkat. Okuyinto engajwayelekile ezikoleni zabahlaseli. Owesifazane oyinhloko unelungelo lokuzala inzalo. Isibopho - ukuphathwa kobudlelwano emndenini kanye nobuholi bomndeni uma kwenzeka kuba nezingxabano namaqembu ezilwane angomakhelwane.
Umndeni we-meerkat ulawula indawo engaba amakhilomitha-skwele amathathu ukuya kwamane. Njalo uqinisekisa ukuthi imindeni engomakhelwane ayephuli imingcele. Kepha umhlaba awukho phakade. Kufanele uxoshe ukuhlaselwa noma unqobe izindawo ezintsha. Ukulwa kungaba nesihluku futhi kuchithe igazi. Ukudlula nokuhlangenwe nakho kokuwina kwe-alpha kwabesifazane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izinambuzane zingumthombo oyinhloko wezakhi zemithi enomsila ocolekile. Kodwa izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izibankwa nezinyoka ziheha ukunakwa okufanayo kwalezi zidliwayo. Amaqanda, noma ngabe ngubani owabeka, awadliwa kuphela ama-meerkats, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izilwane ezidlayo nezidlayo. Ngaphandle kokudla kwabo, izihlobo zama-mongooses zidla ezinye izitshalo namakhowe. Isibonelo, ama-truffle asogwadule aseKalahari.
Lapho inenyanga eyodwa, ama-meerkats amancane aqala ukuzondla ngokwawo. Ngenkathi yokukhula, imithetho yokuzingela ifundwa. Imidlwane idinga ukuqonda ukuthi ingabhekana kanjani nezidalwa ezinobuthi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zazo ekudleni kwezilwane. Akuwona wonke ama-poison avikelekile ema-meerkats.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasha bafunda ukuxhumana namanye amalungu eqembu. Inqubo yokufunda ngokuhlanganyela nokusizana ngokuhlanganyela ithatha isikhathi eside kangaka mangaki ama-meerkats ahlala... Ukuqoqa ukudla kuyisenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokubambisana. Ngenkathi abanye bemba ukudla ngaphandle komhlaba, abanye babhekile ukuthi kwenzekani nxazonke.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, iminyama efinyelele eminyakeni emibili ikulungele ngokomzimba ukuzala. Kepha kunesimo esisodwa esibalulekile: izilwane kumele zibe ngele-alpha pair.
Inqubo yokuqomisana nemidlalo yokukhwelana ayikho. Owesilisa ulandela owesifazane kuze kube yilapho kutholakala umphumela oyifunayo. Ukukhulelwa kuyaphela ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-11. Umgodi womndeni usebenza njengesibhedlela sokubeletha. Amathole azalwa engenalusizo.
Abesifazane abajwayelekile babamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni nasekondleni kwesizukulwane esisha; bangaqala ukuncelisa. Abesifazane abaphule imithetho futhi baletha inzalo ngokungahambisani nemithetho yepakethe nabo baxhumene nokondla.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, imidlwane iqala ukuzwa, lapho inamasonto amabili ubudala, amehlo ayo avulekile. Intsha enenyanga eyodwa ubudala iqala ukuzifunela ukudla iyodwa. Ama-Meerkats athola ukuzimela ezinsukwini ezingama-50-60 ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Onke amalungu epakethe ayazi ukuthi ilungelo lokukhiqiza kabusha kuphela i-alpha pair. Izinsikazi ezijwayelekile zingaphula ukuvinjelwa futhi zilethe inzalo. Ngokuvamile, lo mbhangqwana we-alpha ubulala lezi zingane. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi imidlwane engekho emthethweni ingahlala ephaketheni futhi ibuye ihlangane namazinyane we-alpha pair.
Abaphula umthetho wabantu abadala ngezinye izikhathi bahlala, kepha bavame ukuxoshwa emndenini. Abesifazane abaxoshiwe bahlanganiswa nabesilisa abafuna ukushintsha isimo sabo senhlalo futhi baqale impilo egcwele igazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa umndeni omusha, umsebenzi wokuqala wawo ukumba indawo yokukhosela.
Ama-Meerkats anokuhlukahluka: anquma ukusondelana komndeni ngephunga. Lokhu kugwema ukuzalanisa (ukuzalana okuhlobene eduze), ngenxa yalokho, kunciphisa amathuba okuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ngokweqile. Ama-Meerkats awahlali isikhathi eside. Izinombolo ezisukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengu-8 zibizwa ngamagama. Kuma-zoo nasezimweni ezinethezekile zasekhaya, ubude besikhathi sokuphila besilwane buyakhuliselwa eminyakeni eyi-10-12.
Meerkat ekhaya
Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu base-Afrika bebambe iqhaza ekufuyweni kwezimbuzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, baphishekela imigomo eqondakalayo. Ama-Meerkats aqapha amakhaya awo kofezela, ezinye izicabucabu ezinobuthi nezinyoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu base-Afrika abanomqondo ongaqondakali bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zidlakela ezincane zihlaselwa yimiphefumulo yabafileyo.
Ama-myrkats omsila omncane, yi-meerkats, axhumana kahle nabantu futhi azithole esezindlini zabahlali bendawo njengohlobo lwekati. Ngomehluko owodwa: ikati libekezelela kalula isizungu, imerkat ifa ngaphandle kwenkampani.
Ofezela nezinyoka abekho ezindlini zasemadolobheni. Kunezinye izinto ezidingeka ekugcineni imerkats. Isimo salezi zilwane sidlulisa ithemba. Ukudlala akuhambi ngaphezu kwesizathu. Ukuzimisela ukuxhumana, amandla okuba nothando anomphumela wokusebenza kwengqondo. ngakho-ke Meerkats ekhaya yaqala ukuvela kaningi.
Ama-Meerkats awenzi lutho ngokulimala okwenziwa yizinja namakati amancane. Azidabuli izicathulo, azikhuphuki amakhethini, aziloli uzipho lwazo kwifenisha ephakanyisiwe, njalonjalo. Impumelelo yabo kule ndawo, yize benze ububi babo, kuncane kakhulu.
Kulezi zilwane, inkinga yesizungu inzima kakhulu. Abanikazi, empeleni, bangagcina inkampani. Kepha kungcono uma kukhona ikati noma inja endlini. Ngabo, kanye nabantu, ama-meerkats ahlalisana kahle.
Ungathenga izithandani zobulili obufanayo. Kulokhu, i-meerkat izohlala inomngani noma intombi, futhi umnikazi ngeke abe nezinkinga ngokuzalwa kwamazinyane angahlelwanga.
Meerkats ezihlekisayo edlalayo futhi engenalo ulaka, imindeni enezingane iyabafanela. Ngaphandle kokuxwayisa, akufanele ube nalezi zilwane emindenini enezingane zasenkulisa. Amathoyizi, afana namakati, ahlukanisa kakhulu impilo yezimila ezinomsila omncane.
Efulethini, indlu lapho kuzalwa khona ama-meerkats, asikho isidingo sokwakha uthango, izindiza zezindiza namakheji. Kwanele ukuba nendlu yekati kanye nebhokisi lodoti. Ekuqaleni, isilwane singacasha ekhoneni. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukucindezeleka kuyadlula futhi ukukhula kancane kancane kwensimu kuqala.
Ama-Meerkats awamaki amakhona. Ngokuqondile, bahlikihla ngendlala ekhethekile ezintweni ezikhombisa imingcele yesiza sabo. Kepha uketshezi lwale ndlala alubonakali, nephunga alibonakali. Ithileyi lemeerkat nalo alinamakha kangako kunekati. Kufanele ukwamukele lokhu.
Ukujwayela ukuqeqeshwa kukadoti ngokucophelela akunzima ukwedlula ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Ingane, ekuqaleni, iyakhanya noma ngabe ikuphi. Imikhiqizo yakhe kadoti iyaqoqwa bese ifakwa kuthileyi.
Umbhali wamadaka nezinqwaba uhanjiswa lapho. Ngokushesha ngokwanele, isilwane siyakubona abakufunayo kuye. Uma sekwenziwe kahle, itayitela kanye kuphela ibeka ukuhleleka kulolu daba. Ama-Meerkats ajwayelekile emikhubeni yawo. Ikakhulukazi uma le mikhuba iqiniswa ngokuthile okumnandi.
Kukhona i-nuance eyodwa ezindabeni zangasese. Ama-Meerkats awalokothi ashiye indawo yawo yokukhosela ebusuku. Lokhu kwenzeka emvelweni, okufanayo kuyaphindwa ngokunakekelwa kwekhaya. Ngakho-ke, ekuseni, kungahle kudingeke ukuthi kushintshwe indawo yokulala emanzi endlini yasemerkat, ikakhulukazi leyo encane.
Intengo yeMeerkat
Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 intengo yemerkat yayingama- $ 2000. Okungajwayelekile akushibhile. Manje usungathenga lesi silwane ngama- $ 500. Kepha into eyinhloko akuyona izindleko zezezimali. Kuyadingeka ukubala kahle ukuthi isilwane sizozizwa sikhululeke kanjani endaweni yokuhlala edolobheni. Ngabe uzoba nesizungu.
Izindleko ezingeziwe zengezwa ezindlekweni zokutholwa. Izinsiza kusebenza, ukudla, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lokho wukuthi, ngaphandle kwenjabulo nobumnene, umnikazi kuzofanele akhombise umuzwa wokuzibophezela.
