Okungajwayelekile kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane yi-anteater yezilwane. Kungabizwa ngokuthi intandokazi yabantu baseMelika, ngenxa yokuthi lokhu okungajwayelekile kukhuliswa ekhaya. Inani labantu alihlukile ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Zintathu kuphela zazo, kepha kukhona ama-subspecies athe xaxa, kepha ngaphezulu kulokho okungezansi. Isilwane esinesakhiwo esihlekisayo kakhulu, siheha izivakashi. Kuyathakazelisa hhayi kuphela ngaphandle. Usayizi wayo, indlela yokuphila, okudlayo, ukuthi ikhiqiza kanjani iyahlaba umxhwele, futhi namuhla uzothola ngalokhu.
Izici nokwakheka kwe-anteater
Idliwayo (lat. Myrmecophaga tridactyla) kusuka ku-oda elijabulisayo. Ukuvela kwesilwane esingavamile kuyaxaka impela. Ukuze uqhathanise okungokomfanekiso, ake sikukhumbuze ukuthi i-armadillos, ama-sloth, avela eqenjini elifanayo, izici zalo ezihlukile ngumsila omude, ulimi nemilenze eqinile, okuyisilwane esidlula kalula ezihlahleni.
I-anteater iyisilwane esincelisayo esikhulu impela. Ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-130. Kunezinhlobo ezinkulu - kuze kufike kumamitha amabili, futhi cishe ingxenye yawo iwela emsileni. I-anteater isisindo esisuka ku-30 kuye ku-40 kg. Kodwa eqenjini kukhona nabameleli bemifino, abekho ngaphezu kwama-20 cm ubude futhi abekho ngaphezu kuka-400 amagremu ngesisindo.
Iphuzu elithandekayo ukwakheka kwekhanda. Iphakeme kakhulu, inamehlo amabili amancane, ubude buyi-1/3 yabo bonke ubude bomzimba. Uma ezinye izilwane zinemihlathi emibili eqinile, i-anteater isikhule ndawonye futhi awekho amazinyo. Futhi kungani kufanele, ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokuphila nendlela adla ngayo, akawadingi amazinyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-anteater iyaziqhenya ngolimi lwayo olude, olunamandla, olufinyelela ku-0.6 m ubude, lona ngummeli omkhulu kunabo bonke. Lolu limi luyenza ikhophi yeGuinness Book of Records, ngoba abasekho abanikazi balobukhulu obungako emvelweni.
Vuliwe ulimi olungadliwayo kukhona ama-villi amaningi aqine, ngenxa yalokho iba lukhuni, futhi ukumanzisa ngamathe amaningi kuyayenza futhi inamathele. Ikhanda linezindlebe ezincane nezimbili zamehlo. Nabu ubuso obunje "obuyinkimbinkimbi" be-anteater.
Lesi silwane sinezimbili zezidladla ezinamandla, ekugcineni kwazo kukhona uzipho olude futhi oluqinile olufana nolwama-sloth. Uzipho emilenzeni yangemuva lufushane kancane kunalolo lwangaphambili. Uzipho ngalunye lungamasentimitha ayi-10. I-anteater inemizwa ethuthuke kahle kakhulu yokuhogela nokuzwa. Ngenxa yamakhono anjalo, uthola kalula ukudla kwakhe, kanye nendawo yokukhosela esitheni.
Kuthakazelisa kangako umsila we-anteater. Wanikwa yena ukuthi ahambe kalula ezihlahleni. Umsila ungafika ku-90 cm ubude. Umbala onsundu ngemithende emnyama. Ijazi linzima kakhulu, elifana nelenkukhu. Isembozo sifushane ekhanda kunasemuva. Ngemuva, ubude bezinwele bufinyelela ku-25 cm, nasemsileni kufika ku-40 cm.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
I-anteater yisilwane saseMelika. Ungahlangana naye ebangeni laseNingizimu Melika. Indawo yemvelo ihlathi lemvula elishisayo elinotshani obuluhlaza.
Kodwa ezinye zingenza kahle ngaphandle kwamahlathi, zihlala ogwini nasezindaweni ezingama-savanna eziseduze. Bakhetha izindawo ezifudumele, ngakho-ke abazithandi izindawo ezisenyakatho. Ama-Anteater ahlala emvelweni, ahola indlela ehlukile yokuphila:
- izilwane zasemhlabeni ezingakwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni, imvamisa ubukhulu obukhulu;
- i-arboreal, ikhetha ukuhlala ezihlahleni kuphela, njengomthetho, lezi zincane;
- arboreal yasemhlabeni enezinzwane ezine, ehola indlela yokuphila ehlangene.
Umsebenzi weMammalian uqala kusihlwa. Uncamela izindawo ezingenabantu. Izigebenga zizulazula zifuna ukudla emini, ziphinde zibuyele ezindaweni lapho kungekho bantu khona. Balala cishe usuku lonke, cishe amahora angu-16 ngosuku.
Uzipho olude luvimbela abantu abakhulu ekuhambeni, ngakho-ke bayalugobisela ngaphakathi bese benyathela ngaphandle komlenze. Ukusuka ezinyaweni kuye ezinyaweni, zifana nebhere. Izipikili zidingeka kuphela ekubhujisweni kwezintuthwane ezinkulu, kanye nokulwa nezitha. Amanye ama-anteaters angabhukuda, futhi emabangeni amade, uma kungekho usongo oluvela ezingwenya ezisemanzini.
Idliwayo ngisho esithombeni kubukeka njengesilwane esinomusa. Ngokwemvelo, kunokuthula kakhulu futhi akubangeli ukwesaba, yingakho yaqala ukuthanjiswa ngabantu. Yenzelwe ini? Okwezangaphandle kuphela. Izilwane zizwana kahle nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, zidlala nezingane.
Ukugcina ama-anteaters ekhaya kuyinkinga. Ababekezeleli isimo sezulu esibandayo. Ubusika be-anteater - into engaziwa. Njengoba wazi, abukho ubusika kanjalo ezindaweni ezishisayo. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lapho bezizwa bekhululeke khona ngama-degree angama-24.
Izinhlobo
Inani lezindawo zokudla akuzona ziningi kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zemvelo.
I-anteater enkulu... Imidondoshiya cishe ihlale isemhlabathini futhi ayenzelwanga ukukhuphuka kwezihlahla. Lawa angabamele abakhulu balo myalelo wezilwane. Ubude, zingafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5, kepha lokhu akubheki ubukhulu bomsila. Uma kulinganiswa ngokuphelele, khona-ke kusukela ekhaleni kuze kube sekupheleni komsila, ubude buzoba ngamamitha amathathu.
Izigebenga zikhetha ukuzingela izinambuzane ebusuku. Isikhathi somsebenzi singafika emahoreni angu-8. Esinye isikhathi izidlozi zilala. Zilala ngaphansi kwezihlahla, otshanini obukhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zifihle izitha.
Isidlakudla sePygmy... Le midget ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Ngenxa yobuncane bayo, ikhuphuka ezihlahleni kahle kakhulu futhi ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma imidondoshiya ingashesha ukusinda, khona-ke amancane ayizilwane ezisheshayo. Zilala kuphela ezihlahleni, zicashe ngamahlamvu aminyene.
Ubude be-anteater emfushane bufinyelela kuma-40 cm, kanti isisindo sayo cishe siyi-400 gram. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zinsundu ngombala wegolide. Isikhumba ematheni wezitho sibomvu. Ikhala lifushane kunalezo zezinhlobo zomhlaba.
I-mini-anteater inomsila othambile kakhulu, osebenza njengendlela yokuhamba. Zigoqeka ngokuphelele zibe yindandatho, zisonga amagatsha neziqu zezihlahla. Emsileni kunezelwa imilenze yemisipha futhi ethuthuke kakhulu enezinzipho ezinde. Kunezibonelo ezingashadile, njengoba ama-anteat dwarf anesizungu empilweni.
I-Tamandua (idlozi elinamazwane amane). I-Tamandua, noma ngamanye amagama i-anteater yaseMexico, iphakathi nendawo phakathi komdondoshiya nomfula. Ubukhulu bayo:
- ubude bomzimba 55-90 cm;
- isisindo esingaba ngu-4,5-5 kg;
- ubude bomsila 90 cm.
Isici esihlukile se-tamandua ukuzwa ubukhali ngamehlo abuthakathaka. Ukuvulwa komlomo kunciphile kakhulu, kwanele ukuthi ulimi lungene. Umsila uthambile futhi ubude, ngaphandle kwezinwele. I-anteater yaseMexico inezinzipho ezi-4 emilenzeni yayo yangaphambili.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, itamandua yisilwane esinukayo. Iphunga liyadingeka ukuze ethuse izitha. Umbala waseMexico uyathakazelisa. Ijazi elijwayelekile liphuzi ngokukhanyayo, kuthi ngemuva nasesiswini ijazi libe mnyama ngombala.
I-Marsupial anteater noma i-nambat. Elinye igama umuntu odla ihansi. Akusona isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kakhulu, esifinyelela kubude obufinyelela kuma-40 cm ngomsila.I-Nambat isisindo esingaba ngu-0.5 kg. Ezilwaneni ezinjalo, owesifazane mncane kunowesilisa. Lo mmeleli wama-anteaters ubukeka ehluke kancane. Amehlo akhe makhulu, ubude bolimi lwakhe luyi-10 cm kuphela.
Ikhanda elilengisiwe linezindlebe ezimbili ezicijile. Umsila mude futhi uvalwe ngobuningi ngezinwele, awubambelele kangako futhi uthuthukile kunokwamanye ama-anteater. I-nambat inezinzwane ezinhlanu ezinyaweni zayo zangaphambili, nezine emilenzeni yayo yangemuva.Imilenze ivulekile kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwesilwane yi-Australia. Isici salesi silwane ukuba khona kwamazinyo amancane. Ngenxa yokuthi izintuthwane nomuhlwa kuyisibiliboco esiyintandokazi, lesi silwane sinamathele eqenjini lezidliwayo.
Inzalo ichanyuselwa cishe amasonto amabili. Izingane zithwalwa ngesisu sikamama, zibambelele ezingonweni. Sekukonke, kukhona kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 amawundlu kudoti. Isikhathi sokuphila salawa ma-anteaters sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-6.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-anteater iyaphila ezindaweni lapho kunezitshalo eziningi khona, ngakho-ke izinambuzane. Ezimweni zokuphila zemvelo, izintuthwane kanye nomuhlwa onamaphiko kusebenza njengokudla kwezilwane, nezinhlobo zazo ezincane kakhulu, ngenxa yokungabikho kwamazinyo. Isilwane sigwinya izintuthwane siphelele. Ingakwazi ukumunca izinambuzane ezingafika kwezinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngosuku. Ngakho-ke igama lesilwane.
Lapho esethole indawo yokuhlala izinambuzane, uyichitha ngezidladla zangaphambili. Lapho izinambuzane zibaleka, ulimi olunamathelayo selivele luyazithola. Izintuthwane ziyadliwa. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla amakoloni ezinyosi, atholakala ezihlahleni. Kepha isibiliboco esinjalo sincanyelwa kuphela ngokukhwela ezikhungweni zemifantu ezincane.
Uma emini isilwane singakwazanga ukuthola isiduli, khona-ke izibungu ezithambile zazo zonke izinhlobo zamabhungane ezitholakala ezihlahleni ezindala, emhlabathini, otshanini nazo zingasebenza njengezisulu. Ngenkathi igwinya izinambuzane, i-anteater izama ukuzicindezela esibhakabhakeni. Ukuze kugayeke kangcono, i-anteater ikhotha isihlabathi esihle namatshe amatshe, okuzogaya ukudla esiswini.
Indawo yokuhlala kwesinye sezilwane esidla izidleke inesizotha impela. Uyakwazi ukuzulazula amabanga amafushane, ngakho-ke ufuna ukudla endaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-1. Uma ukudla kuyindlala kakhulu, bandise indawo yabo kuze kufike ku-2-3 km.
Umuntu angabona isithombe: isigebenga esizulazulayo nekhanda laso lehliswe njalo, silokhu sihogela okuthile, sikhipha futhi sidweba ngolimi lwaso olude. Amakhala abo amade afana ne-vacuum cleaner encela okuthile. Isilwane siqine kakhulu, ngakho-ke lapho sisendleleni sigingqa izinkuni ezindala, sizama ukuthola esinye isiduli somuhlwa.
Ngesikhathi sokudla kwasebusuku, ulimi lwentethe luhlala luhamba njalo. Uyakwazi ukwenza ukukhohliswa kwezimoto eziyi-160 ngomzuzu, ekhotha ukudla endleleni yakhe. I-anteater ithuthukise izindlala zamathe, ngakho-ke ubuso bolimi buhlale buswakanyiswa nazo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Anteaters ahlangana kabili ngonyaka: ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuya ngohlobo lwaso, sisukela ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuye kwezi-6. Isilwane esisanda kuzalwa sinempandla, ngokushesha sikhuphukela emhlane kanina futhi siqhubeke nokukhula lapho.
Hhayi abesifazane kuphela ababamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane zabo, kepha obaba ngezikhathi ezithile bazithwala emhlane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izilwane azizilahli izingane zazo, kodwa zithwala kuze kube sekukhulelweni okulandelayo. Ama-anteat amancane agibela emihlane yabazali aze afike enyangeni eyodwa, ngemuva kwalokho aqale ukuthatha izinyathelo zawo, kepha ngaphansi kweso elibukhali likanina. Izingane zihlala nabazali kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ubudala.
Inyanga yokuqala yempilo yengane I-anteater yesifazane ukuphakelwa ngokubhincwa kwayo, kuphela kusukela enyangeni eyodwa, baqala ukukhotha izintuthwane ezincane bebodwa. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Imvamisa ama-anteaters ahlala yedwa, futhi kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana azifunela umuntu wesibili.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-giant anteaters aphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, kanti i-tamandua, njengama-anteat amancane, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-9. Ngokungangabazeki, isikhathi somuntu ngamunye sincike ebukhoneni bezitha eziseduze ezingalimaza isilwane esincelisayo.
Izitha ze-anteater
Ubani ongabizwa ngesitha se-anteater? Izilwane ezinkulu zomhlaba zingalimala ngama-jaguar namabhubesi. Kepha kumfushane, isiyingi sezidalwa siyanda. Bangalindela ingozi hhayi kuphela emakati amakati, kodwa nasezinyonini ezinkulu (ukhozi), ezinyokeni ezinobuthi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izilwane ezincane, lapho zizwa ingozi, zime ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, kuthi ezingaphambili zibeke phambili, phambi kwesifonyo, zisakaze izinzipho zazo ezinde ezicijile. Futhi i-tamandua kulokhu, ibuye idubule ngephunga. Izilwane ezinkulu zomhlaba zibaleka ngezinzipho ezinde. Ukushaywa okukodwa okuvela esidlangalaleni esikhulu kwanele ukubulala inja.
Isilwane se-Anteater ezishisayo zihlala zodwa. Imvamisa zenziwa zisebenze ebusuku, zondla kuphela izinambuzane ezincane namaqanda azo. Ukugcwalisa ukushoda kwamavithamini, bangadla izithelo ezahlukahlukene. Lapho befika eminyakeni emibili ubudala, baba nokuthomba futhi inkathi yokukhwelana iyaqala.
Abesifazane abashada kabili ngonyaka. Abazali bathwala ingane yabo kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, ngenkathi bengayishiyi umzuzu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwengane yesibili, owokuqala uqala impilo ezimele, okuhlala okungenani iminyaka eyi-15, kuya ngohlobo lwesilwane.
