Eminyakeni eyizigidi eziningi edlule, izimfudu zaqala uhambo lwazo. Bakhase kancane kuze kube manje. Phakathi kokukhona, Ufudu olunamaqabunga abomvu Ingabe ingenye yezimfudu zamanzi angenasawoti ezidume kakhulu. Igama lithonywe ukuvela komunye wama-subspecies: linamabala abomvu atholakala ekhanda ngemuva kwamehlo.
Incazelo nezici
Isakhiwo somzimba salezi ezihuquzelayo sendabuko. Igobolondo lofudu olubomvu - lokhu ukwakhiwa kwezicucu ezimbili: i-carpax (ingxenye ephezulu) ne-plastron (ingxenye engezansi). Ubude obujwayelekile be-carapace bungamasentimitha ayi-15-25. Kwezinye izimo, ingafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40.
Iziqu ze-Neural zitholakala eceleni komugqa wayo we-vertebral. Isinyathelo esingezansi ngamapuleti we-pleural noma we-costal. Onqenqemeni lwe-carapace, kubekwa amathayili we-carapace eseceleni. Isakhiwo sonke sincane, sine-oval esisekelweni. I-keel ibonakala kuma-juveniles.
Umbala we-carapace uyashintsha ngeminyaka. Ezimfudu ezincane, umbala omkhulu uluhlaza okotshani. Njengoba bekhula, umbala okhona uba mnyama. Ngefomu lokugcina, kuthatha umthunzi womnqumo ngokufaka umbala onsundu. Amaphethini wemivimbo ephuzi abekwe kakhulu kusizinda esikhulu. I-plastron imnyama, inamabala aphuzi futhi anombala ophuzi. Umbala wofudu ungachazwa njengokuzifihla okuhle.
Inhloko, izidladla, umsila kungahlehliswa ngokuphelele ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegobolondo. Amabala asekhanda, anikeze igama lofudu, awakwazi ukuba bomvu kuphela, kepha futhi aphuzi. Zilahlekelwa umbala wazo ngeminyaka. Banganyamalala ngokuphelele.
Esikhundleni sezindlebe ezimbili, ufudu lunendlebe eyodwa ephakathi, embozwe nge-cartilaginous tympanic disc (i-eardrum), eyenza ukuthi kube lula ukuqoqa imisindo ngisho nequlekile kahle. Le yindlela esebenza ngayo insiza yokuzwa ezihuquzelayo eziningi.
Ugebhezi lofulawa olubomvu, umgogodla, amanye amathambo amathambo awanazo izici ezithile. Izitho zangaphakathi nazo azizona ezangempela. I-dimorphism yezocansi kunzima ukuyibona. Akukho mehluko cishe wezimfudu ezincane. Kwabesilisa abadala, uzipho lwangaphambili lunamandla kakhulu kunabesifazane. Umsila uyajiya futhi mude.
Ukuvulwa kwe-cloacal kudlulela ngale komphetho wegobolondo. Ukuma kweplastron kucishe kufane. Lezi zici ze-anatomical zivumela abesilisa ukuba babambelele kumlingani futhi benze lula ukukhwelana.
Izinhlobo
Ososayensi bachaze ama-subspecies ayi-13, kepha amathathu afundwa kangcono:
1. Ama-subspecies aphakanyisiwe ufudu olunamabhande aphuzi. Wahlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States kusukela eFlorida kuya eVirginia. Ihlala emifuleni edangele, amaxhaphozi anezikhukhula, amachibi okwenziwa nezindawo ezinamanzi amaningi. Igama lakhe lesiLatin nguTrachemys scripta scripta.
Ufudu lwaseKimberland olubomvu
2. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kakhulu ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ziyefana nezinhlobo zonke - ufudu olunamalebe abomvu, okufanekiselwa ubonakala kaningi. Ososayensi bakubiza ngokuthi yi-Trachemys scripta elegans. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kokuqala yindawo yoMfula iMississippi. Uncamela amanzi afudumele futhi azolile, agcwele izimila ezahlukahlukene. Ubuso bamanzi kufanele buphenduke amabhange amnene ukuqinisekisa ukuphuma kwezimfudu emhlabeni.
3. Ufudu lwaseCumberland. Iqhamuka esifundeni saseCumberland River, ezifundazweni zaseKentucky naseTennessee. Kepha itholakala e-Alabama, Georgia nase-Illinois. Utshani obuluhlaza namanzi amile kuyindawo ethandwa kakhulu. Igama lesayensi lihlotshaniswa negama lesazi semvelo uGerard Trost - Trachemys scripta troostii.
I-Trachemys scripta troostii ufudu olubomvu
Ngenxa yokuthi izindawo zokusabalalisa ziyagqagqana futhi azinayo imingcele yemvelo, kunabantu abanezimpawu zama-subspecies ahlukene.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ngenxa yokuthambekela okungokwemvelo kokuhamba, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu engacabangi yokuhweba, ufudu olunamaqabunga abomvu lungatholakala kude nezwe lakubo lokuqala.
Ibamba izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala. Okuyinto engeyona eyezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngokuphelele. Imizamo yokugcwala izindawo ebezingakahlaliseki inobuhle nobubi bayo. Abathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe bangahlukanisa izilwane zezwe labo abasanda kulithola, noma bangaphazamisa ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kuvame ukulandela inhlekelele enkulu noma encane yemvelo.
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, izimfudu ezinamaqabunga abomvu zathuthela e-Eurasia. Zatholwa okokuqala kwa-Israyeli. Khona-ke izilwane ezihuquzelayo zangena eningizimu yeYurophu. Ukusuka eSpain naseFrance bafika eNgilandi nasenkabeni yeYurophu.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kweMpumalanga Yurophu. Manje zingatholakala eRussia. Hhayi kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kodwa futhi naseMoscow. Ngasikhathi sinye, sikhuluma ngokusinda ezimweni zamakhaza aseRussia, hhayi ngempilo. izimfudu ezinamaqabunga abomvu ekhaya.
Ngosizo lomuntu, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zawela olwandle. Ekugcineni bafika e-Australia. Isimo semvelo esehlukile sezwekazi sithwale kanzima. Izilwane kwathiwa ziyizinambuzane.
Izizathu zokuhlaselwa yilezi:
- Ukuhamba okuphezulu kwalezi ezihuquzelayo. Zihlala izimfudu, kodwa zihamba ngokuzithandela nangokushesha. Emini, bangahamba amakhilomitha amaningi.
- Omnivorous. Isisekelo semenyu yizitshalo zasemanzini, kepha noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo naso siya ekudleni, uma nje singabanjwa sigcinwe.
- Ikhono lenza ngaphandle komoya izinyanga. Le mfanelo, eyingqayizivele yezilwane ezinomgogodla, yenza sikwazi ukubekezelela ubusika ngokuzingcwaba odakeni olungezansi kwedamu.
- Izimfudu izilwane synatropic. Zingaba khona futhi zizalane endaweni eyenziwe ngabantu. Emachibini epaki, amachibi okufakelwa kanye nemisele.
- Esinye isizathu ukuthi abantu babekujabulela ukugcina lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo emakhaya. Ukuzalela kwabo kwaqala ukukhiqiza imali.
Ezindaweni zokuhlala unomphela, izilwane zihola impilo ejwayelekile yezimfudu zamanzi angenasawoti. Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwe-18 ° C, zondla ngenkuthalo. Bathanda ukufudumala ngokuya ogwini, ukukhuphuka itshe elisogwini noma isihlahla esiwile. Ngasikhathi sinye, bahlala beqapha isimo. Uma kunengozi, ahamba ngokushesha angene emanzini. Lokhu kuslayida kubelethe isidlaliso sesiNgisi sesilayida.
Ubusika buyisikhathi esithakazelisayo empilweni yezimfudu. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, bawela esimweni esifana nokugqwayiza okumisiwe. Kepha lokhu akuyona ukulala (ubusika) ngendlela yayo emsulwa, kepha ukwahlukahluka. Iqukethe ukunciphisa umsebenzi ube ubuncane futhi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-brumation.
Ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo ngo-Okthoba, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C, isilwane siba ndikindiki. Kulesi simo, bahlala ezansi kusayizi wosilika, emigodini ngaphansi kogu, ezigxotsheni zezihlahla ezingenalutho. Esimweni sokushaywa, ufudu kungenzeka lungaphefumuli amasonto ambalwa. Izinqubo ze-Anaerobic zenzeka emzimbeni, izinga lokunciphisa umzimba lehla kakhulu, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lehla, umsebenzi obalulekile uyeka ucishe ufike zero.
Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka okwesikhashana, izimfudu zingavuka ku-torpor yazo bese zintanta ukuze ziphefumule futhi zondle. Okusho ukuthi, ukuphuma kwesikhashana kufilimu emisiwe kuyenzeka. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile likhuphuka futhi amanzi efudumala aze afike ku-12 ° C nangaphezulu, ukubuyela empilweni esebenzayo kuyenzeka.
Yile ndlela izimfudu ebusika ngayo ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo. Uma kungekho ukuqhuma okubandayo kwesizini, noma ukugcina izimfudu ezinamadlebe abomvu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile - ukulala ubusika kungenzeki.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izimfudu zamanzi angenasawoti ziyizidlakudla. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, badla ukudla okuningi kwamaprotheni. Lawa ama-tadpoles amancane, ama-arthropods, izinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obufanele. Ngokukhula, ukudla okunemifino kuqala ukubusa ekudleni, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi zezimila zendawo. Ukwamukela amandla omhlaba kungathonya izitshalo nezilwane zezindawo ezihlala izimfudu. E-Australia, basolwa ngokuqothulwa kohlobo lwamaxoxo olungandile.
Kudla ufudu olubomvu
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izimfudu zikulungele ukukhiqizwa ngeminyaka eyi-6-8. Labo abakhula ezimeni eziphucukile bavuthwa ngokushesha. Ngeminyaka engu-4, sezikulungele ukuzala kabusha. Isikhathi sokuzalela eNyakatho Nenkabazwe sithatha kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuye phakathi nehlobo. Uma igcinwe endlini, inkathi yokukhwelana ihlala unyaka wonke.
Abesilisa baqala ukufuna abesifazane abalahlekelwe ukubuyela emuva. Zintanta zizungeze okhethiwe. Aphendukele ebusweni bakhe. Qala ukunikina izidladla zangaphambili phambi kwekhanda lakhe. Kubukeka sengathi owesilisa uzama ukunwaya izihlathi zakhe nomlomo.
I-cavalier inganqatshwa. Kulokhu, owesifazane uziphatha ngodlame futhi angamluma umfakisicelo ukuze alinganise. Insikazi, eyenzelwe ukukhwelwa, icwila ezansi, lapho laba bobabili bejoyina khona. Isiko lokuqomisana lihlala cishe ihora. Ukushayisana kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10-15.
Lapho igcinwa e-aquarium, owesilisa angakhombisa izinhloso zakhe phambi komunye wesilisa. Nakhu ukuthi isikhundla esivelele salowo muntu sifakazelwa kanjani. Izimfudu ezincane, ezingakakwazi ukuqhubeka nohlobo, zinganakekela, kepha imidlalo yazo yokukhwelana ayipheli ngalutho.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ufudu lwensikazi luqala ukuchitha isikhathi esithe xaxa emhlabathini. Ihlola indawo esogwini nekhwalithi yenhlabathi, iyiklwebhe ngezidladla. Lapho isilungele ukubeka amaqanda, imba umgodi ukujula ngamasentimitha angama-20-25 nobubanzi obufanayo. 8-12 kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda angama-20 abekwa esidlekeni. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kungcwatshwa ngokushesha. Insikazi ayibuyeli kule ndawo.
Amaqanda avundiswa ngesikhathi sokubekwa. Owesifazane ugcina ama-gametes wesilisa asebenzayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubeka amaqanda avundisiwe kumasizini alandelayo, noma ngabe kungekho ukuxhumana nendoda.
Ukufukamela kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3-5. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi kuthinta ubulili bezingane. Abesifazane bachamusela esidlekeni esifudumele kakhulu (ngaphezulu kuka-30 ° C). Abesilisa batholakala emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi esidlekeni lingaphansi kwama-22 ° C, imibungu iyafa. Izimfudu ezingafanga onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila zinamathuba onke okuphila iminyaka engama-20-30. Ukugcinwa kwe-Aquarium kungakhulisa ubukhona babo kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40.
Intengo
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, abathengisi basijabulela isifiso sabantu sokugcina lezi zilwane emakhaya. Futhi ezweni lakubo, e-USA, kwenziwa amapulazi aphelele ukukhulisa ufudu oluncane. Manje amabhizinisi anjalo asebenza hhayi phesheya kuphela.
Imininingwane yokuhlobisa, ukulondolozwa kalula kanye nentengo engabizi yenze lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zibe esinye sezilwane ezifuywa kakhulu. Imithetho yokukhetha ufudu ilula. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ngokucophelela kwanele. Igobolondo lofudu oluphilile alinazo izinhlaka, imihuzuko, izifaca noma imifantu. Kufanele ibe bushelelezi futhi iqine.
Ufudu oluphilile luhamba ngenkuthalo, ngenkathi lubhukuda, aluweli ohlangothini lwalo, awekho amabala amhlophe ezinqeni zalo nasezindongeni, amehlo afudumele anezindlebe ezibomvu ayimboziwe ngefilimu enamafu. Intengo yesiphazamiso iyabiza. Izindleko ezinkulu zihlotshaniswa nokuthengwa kwe-aquarium noma i-terrarium, ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokuhlala ufudu, ukuthengwa kokudla okusezingeni.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa ekhaya
Ngaphandle kokuthi ezweni lokuqala izimfudu ezinamadlebe abomvu ziyadla, futhi amaqanda abo asetshenziswa njengesithiyelo sokudoba, agcinwa ekhaya njengezilwane zokuhlobisa.
Ama-aquariums asetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala eyinhloko, umthamo odingekayo okungu-150-200 litres. Kepha izidleke (njengoba kubizwa izimfudu ezincane) zingaba khona emanzini angama-50 litre.
Amanzi amasha athelwa ku-aquarium. Ukuphendula okuphakathi kwe-acid (PH 6.5 kuye ku-7.5). Amanzi ompompi ajwayelekile afanelekile, avunyelwe ukuma usuku. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi elidingekayo, kufakwa isifudumezi. Kunconywa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lifike ku-18 ° C ebusika, ligcine lizungeze u-22-24 ° C entwasahlobo nasekwindla, bese ulikhuphukela ku-28 ° C ehlobo.
Ngaphezu kokugcina izinga lokushisa, ukugcina inhlanzeko kuyadingeka. Isihlungi se-aquarium sikulungele ukususa imfucumfucu. Ukulethwa kwamanzi ahleliwe kuzofika kahle. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa indawo yamanzi wofudu. Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ngokumane ususe ukungcola nge-scraper noma nge-brush.
Ucezu lwe-sushi luhlelwe ku-aquarium. Imvamisa kuthatha ingxenye yesithathu yevolumu isiyonke. Unentaba ethambile emanzini. Isigaba sogu lolwandle sakhiwe ngokuzimela noma isakhiwo esenziwe ngomumo siyathengwa. Ngale ndlela futhiama-aquariums wezimfudu ezinamaqabunga abomvu phenduka ama-aquaterrariums.
Isibani sokukhanyisa se-60-watt sifakwe ngaphezulu kogu lwe-aquarium. Le yidivayisi yokushisa eyengeziwe nomthombo wokukhanya. Ukuze ulingise ngokugcwele imisebe yelanga, kwengezwa isibani se-ultraviolet UVB 5% esibanini se-incandescent. Izinkanyiso zibekwa endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha okungenani angama-25 ukuze isilwane singashi.
Umbuso okhanyayo, njengombuso wamazinga okushisa, kufanele ushintshwe kuye ngesizini. Ebusika, izibani zigcinwa isikhathi esingengaphezu kwamahora ayisishiyagalombili, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kunikezwa ukukhanya kwamahora ayi-10, ehlobo lesi sibalo sifinyelela emahoreni ayi-12.
Ukudla kwemvelo kungasetshenziswa ukondla izilwane ezifuywayo. Ukudla kwamaphrotheni kungaqukatha izinhlanzi zemifula, ezinikezwa zingachazwanga futhi zingasikiwe. Izimfudu zithanda iminenke, amabhungane, izintethe. I-Mealworm, okunye ukudla okuphilayo okuvela esitolo sezilwane, kungafakwa kwimenyu yesilwane.
Ingxenye yamaprotheni iyanqoba ekudleni kwezimfudu ezincane. Ngokukhula, ukugcizelelwa kushintshelwa ekudleni kokutshala. Can ukufunza ufudu olunamaqabunga abomvu amajikijolo, amakhowe adliwayo, izingcezu zezithelo namakhambi ahlukahlukene. Imifino ecebile ngamavithamini ibalulekile ukuze kube khona okuvamile kwesirhubuluzi.
Njengenye indlela yokudla okunempilo, ungakhetha ukusebenzisa ukudla okulungiselelwe okwenzelwe izimfudu zazo zonke izinhlobo neminyaka yonke. Banempahla enhle: awangcolisi amanzi.
Kodwa zinganqatshwa ufudu, olungakaze lwenzeke ngokudla kwemvelo. Empilweni yangempela, ukondla okuxubile kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Okunye ukudla kulungiswa ngokuzimela, okunye kufana nemikhiqizo yezimboni ekhethekile.
Ukunakekela ufudu olunamaqabunga abomvu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufaka phakathi ukuhamba. Ngenkathi efudumele, uma kungenzeka, bayakhishwa emgwaqweni. Kunemithetho emibili okufanele ilandelwe. Okokuqala: izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Okwesibili, awukwazi ukushiya izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinganakiwe. Izimfudu ezinamaqabunga abomvu zisheshe zikuqonde ukuzulazula kwazo.
