Indawo yokuhlala yamabhere - izintaba ze-Himalaya, yaqamba lezi zilwane igama, kepha namuhla zisakazekele kwezinye izifunda, futhi azikaze zisinde emagqumeni. Isici nesimangalo salesi silwane nokwehluka kwamanye amabhere inyanga emhlophe noma ephuzi yokhakhayi entanyeni nasengubeni emnyama, ecwebezelayo umzimba wonke.
Abantu kumele balondolozwe futhi bakhuliswe, kepha kuvela ubunzima obuthile ngenxa yokutholakala kokudla okunempilo, ukuzala nokuphila kwalezi zilwane.
Incazelo nezici
Ibhere lihlala endle, ngakho-ke ijazi lalo lijiyile futhi liluhlaza, kanti ebusika, kuvela ubumanzi ngaphansi kwengubo. Lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukuthi sigcine izinga lokushisa lomzimba futhi sicashe emgodini ngokulindela intwasahlobo. Ehlobo, ijazi liba mncane, likhanye, nengubo yangaphansi inyamalale cishe ngokuphelele.
Ngokuya ngesifunda lapho kuhlala khona ibhere, ijazi nalo lingashintsha umbala - lisuke kokumnyama libe bomvu. Ibhere laseHimalaya ivelele phakathi kwezilwane zohlobo olufanayo nobukhulu bayo obungavamile, ukuma kwezindlebe nokwakheka kogebhezi. Izindlebe zebhere ziyindilinga, futhi isifonyo sicijile futhi sihamba kakhulu. Izilwane azizikhulu uma ziqhathaniswa namanye amabhere - isisindo sesilinganiso sowesilisa singu-100 - 120 kilograms.
I-Himalayan ichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni, lapho ikhuphuka khona ngenxa yezidladla zangaphambili ezinamandla nezinzipho ezinkulu nezicijile. Imilenze yangemuva cishe ayisebenzi, ivumela kuphela ibhere ukuthi ligcine indawo evundlile phansi, kepha alilutho ngokuphelele ekukhuphukeni kwezihlahla.
Ibhere lisebenzisa izingalo zangaphambili ekumbeni umhlabathi, lisiphule amagxolo nezimpande zezitshalo.
Izazi zezilwane zinikeze ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zamabhere aseHimalaya njengengcuphe futhi ezidinga ukuvikelwa. Ukuzingela izitho zoboya nezilwane, kanye nezinguquko ezindaweni zemvelo, kuholele ekutheni isibalo sehle kakhulu.
Ingcindezi ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlobo, kepha imboni yokudoba nayo ishiye uphawu olukhulu ezinombolweni.
Ibhere kumenyezelwa ukuthi lizingelwa ngenxa yezidladla zalo, inyongo nesikhumba, okubiza kakhulu. Baqedwa ngamabhere nabalimi, ngoba isilwane singena ngesinyenyela ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi sichithe izindawo zezolimo.
Amabhere ansundu aseHimalaya nezilwane ezinamabele ezimhlophe zivikelwe eChina, eNdiya, futhi cishe kulo lonke elaseJapane naseRussia. ERussia, kukhona ukuvinjelwa kwamabhere okuzingela, futhi ukwephulwa kwalokhu kuvinjelwa kujeziswa kanzima.
IBaloo edumile evela eMowgli nayo yayiyibhere laseHimalaya
Izici zokubukeka kwesilwane:
- uboya bufushane futhi bushelelezi. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, ukukhanya kubonakala kahle kuso, ijazi liyakhanya. Umbala obomvu noma onsundu awutholakali kulezi zinhlobo;
- izindlebe ziphuma ngaphandle kwesilinganiso, futhi zifana nensimbi eyakhekile;
- ngaphansi kwentamo, uboya budayiwe mhlophe noma phuzi;
- umsila uvulekile - cishe amasentimitha ayi-11.
Ibhere le-Himalaya esithombeni kaningi inombala omnyama ocebile nomgodi wesici entanyeni, kepha abamele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo bangahluka ngezimpawu zangaphandle.
Ihlukile kuzalwa kwayo ngesakhiwo se-cranium. Amathambo asongwe ngendlela yokuthi ugebhezi luhambe kahle, umhlathi ongezansi mkhulu ngokwanele. Isici sesici ukubonakaliswa kobuso okungaqhathaniswa nomuntu. Lezi zilwane zibonisa imizwa yazo: hambisa amakhala nezindlebe.
Ibhere laseHimalaya linobuso obunempilo
Izinhlobo
Ngenxa yokushintsha kwezimo zemvelo nokuzingela, ibhere elimnyama le-himalayan yathathwa njengesilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa. Lezi zinhlobo nezinye kufanele zivikelwe. Umbala webhere wezinhlobo ezifanayo ungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, kepha kunezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane e-zoology.
Izwekazi:
- laginer;
- thibetanus;
- ususuricus.
Isiqhingi:
- mupinensis;
- ifomosanusi;
- gedrosianus;
- japonicas.
Ungahlukanisa futhi uhlobo oluhlukile iBear-Sloth, eqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa yesimo sezindebe zezilwane. Ukwanda kwe-shaggy, usayizi omncane yizici amabhele weSloth ahluke ngazo kwamanye amabhere. Ijazi "alibekiwe" kahle, ngakho-ke ukukhanya kuyalahleka. Amabhere amaSloth atholakala eRussia, ekuthunjweni, nasezimweni zemvelo eNdiya, eCeylon. Amabhele anciphisa ukudla kwawo ngezintuthwane nezinambuzane ezincane.
Amabhere aseHimalaya awawona wonke amnyama. Uboya obufushane obucwebezelayo bungaba nomthunzi ohlukile - ongcolile - obomvu noma onsundu - obomvu, onsundu. Kepha ngakunye kunendawo enesici esiphuzi noma esimhlophe esifubeni, okukhombisa nokusatshalaliswa kwezilwane hhayi kuphela ezinhlotsheni, kepha nasezinhlotsheni ezingaphansi kwendawo ezihlala kuyo.
Izinhlobo ze-gedrosianus zihlala endaweni eyingqayizivele. Uhlala emahlathini omile, amhlukanisa kakhulu nebhere laseHimalaya noma i-Ussuri. Ubukhulu balesi silwane buncane kakhulu, futhi ijazi linombala okhanyayo onsundu noma obomvu.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ibhere le-Himalaya ezwekazini igcina ezindaweni ezinotshani obuningi, futhi kuyaqabukela ihlale emagqumeni, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebandayo. Emini, lezi zilwane zikhuthele kakhulu futhi zimatasa zifuna ukudla nendawo yokuhlala engcono, kepha ebusuku zingangena ezindaweni ezinabantu, zicashe ezitheni.
ERussia Ibhere laseHimalaya lihlala khona kuphela eMpumalanga Ekude, futhi bambalwa abantu abasindile emvelweni. Ezinye izindawo zebhere: umqolo weHimalaya nendawo ezungeze izintaba - ehlobo izilwane zikhuphuka phezulu, kepha ebusika ziyehla zihlomise izimbobo. Bahlala naseziqhingini zaseJapan - iShikoku neHonshu naseKorea.
I-Himalayan ingahlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, kepha izindawo eziwugwadule ziyindawo efaneleke kakhulu kubo, njengamahlathi atshaliwe aminyene. Ensimini yaseRussia, cishe amabhere anamabele amhlophe awatholakali. Phambilini, babehlala ezigodini zasePrimorsky Territory, kepha namuhla izilwane ezisele ziya echibini loMfula iKoppi naseSikhote - Alin Mountains.
Baphinde balungise imigodi, lapho bephumula khona futhi balale kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi. Izimbobo zihlelwe ngokucophelela ukuzigcina zifudumele futhi zikhululekile. Amabhere aseHimalaya akhetha izindawo ezinhle - ngaphakathi kwemigodi, emihumeni noma ezihlahleni ezingenalutho. Uma ibhere lihlala ezintabeni, khona-ke indawo ekhanyiswe kakhulu futhi efudumele ikhethelwa umhhume.
Ukuphumula, ibhere laseHimalaya likhetha izindawo ezivulekile ezinelanga
Amabhere anezitha ezimbalwa. Ingwe noma iphakethe lezimpisi kuphela, lapho amaHimalaya acasha khona ngokushesha, angalimaza isilwane esikhulu kangaka. Ziletha ukuhlushwa kumabhere nezinsensane, ama-midge.
Yize umuntu engeyona isitha, uma ebhekene nebhere, umuntu akufanele azame ukuliphulula. Isilwane singasabela ngolaka noma sesabe bese sibalekela esihlahleni. Kepha noma iHimalaya ihlala inomusa, umuntu akufanele ahlangane nayo, ngoba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ibhere lingaba nomuzwa wobungozi futhi lizogijimela ukuvikela indawo yalo, likhombise yonke imikhuba yesilwane sasendle.
Zodwa, amaHimalaya cishe awazulazuli emahlathini nasezigodini, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi bahlangana nomndeni wonke webhere. Noma isilwane esisodwa sesihambe ibanga elithile ukusuka ezihlotsheni zaso, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi umndeni waso useduze. Amantshontsho akhula nabazali bawo aze afike eminyakeni emithathu ubudala.
Ukuphumula noma ukuzivikela ezitheni, amabhere ahlala emagatsheni amakhulu, abambelele kumagxolo. Ngokuvamile, la mabhele achitha cishe u-15% wezimpilo zawo ezihlahleni. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo, amabhere aseHimalaya awahlali ebusika, kepha anganciphisa indlela yawo yokuphila futhi athathe isikhathi esithe xaxa sokuphumula.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, njengepanda, noma umnyama waseMelika, ibhere elikhulu le-healayan angazitholela ukudla okufanelekile cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba akagcini ngokudla ukudla kwesilwane kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze athole ukudla okudingekayo kwekhalori nokugcwalisa, usadinga ukuthola inani elithile lokudla - isilwane noma imifino. Ibhere laseHimalaya liyingqayizivele.
Ibhere lingadla kokubili ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo.
Ibhere lingazingela izinkomo nomdlalo omncane, liqoqe izidumbu. Ukhulisa imenyu yakhe, akhethe izithelo namajikijolo ngenkathi efudumele. Uma kufika ubusika, ibhere licasha emgodini, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho lidinga ukugcwalisa ukutholakala kwalo kwezakhamzimba.
Ukuze enze lokhu, angabamba izinhlanzi, aqoqe udoti phansi futhi athole amajikijolo asele ezihlahleni. Ubuye athole ezinye izinhlobo zamantongomane - amantongomane nezinambuzane emigodini yezihlahla.
Izazi ze-Zoologists zithi ibhere laseHimalaya liqhamuka eqenjini lezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngokuya ngeqiniso lokuthi ukudla kwezilwane kusenamandla ekudleni kwaso. Ibhere lilwela ukuthola ukudla okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka eduze nobusika ukuze liqoqe amafutha omzimba futhi likhuthazelele amakhaza kalula.
IHimalaya idla okuhlukahlukene, angadla:
- ithole isidumbu;
- amaqanda enkukhu;
- izimbali;
- izinambuzane ezicashe ezihlahleni nasezitshalweni ezisele.
Ngenkathi efudumele, kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, amabhere nawo adla izitshalo eziluhlaza, kufaka phakathi izithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuphakameni kwehlobo, amabhere alwela ukukhuphuka phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka - ezihlahleni ukuthola amagilebhisi, ama-cones kanye ne-bird cherry.
Uma konke lokhu kungekho, bathola izinhlanzi ezifayo ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kepha inhlanzi akuyona inketho yokudla eyinhloko ye-Himalaya, kuyaqabukela eqala ukuzingela, ngoba uhlala ethola ukudla kwezitshalo noma kwesilwane.
Lapho kunokudla okwanele, ibhere lingabulala ngisho nama-ungulates, izinkomo. Ibhere elinamabele amhlophe liyazingela, lisebenzisa ubuciko futhi lihlephule ngokushesha intamo yesilwane salo. Izisulu ezinkulu zingahlukaniselwa amalungu omndeni webhere, kepha imvamisa abantu abadala bazitholela ukudla kwabo bebodwa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ibhere laseHimalaya encwadini ebomvu I-Russia ibalwe isikhathi eside, futhi ochwepheshe basebenzela ukwandisa isibalo sabantu. Ibhere elinamabele amhlophe lingena enkambisweni yokuzalanisa ngesikhathi sehlobo. Sekukonke, insikazi ingazala izinyane elilodwa noma amabili.
Ngamunye unesisindo esifinyelela ku-400 amagremu. Amankonyane akhula kancane kakhulu futhi ahlala engenakuzisiza isikhathi eside. Abakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwabazali babo inyanga.
Amabhere ahlala esifundeni iSikhote-Alin aqala ukuzala ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kusukela maphakathi noJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Amantshontsho azalwa ngoJanuwari, emgodini. Ngemuva kokuba owesifazane ekhulelwe, uhamba kancane.
Ngo-Okthoba, umthamo wesibeletho ungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-22, kuthi ngoDisemba imibungu iqale ukukhula ngokushesha. Ukubuyiselwa phakathi kokuzalwa kokuqala nokwesibili kwebhere kuthatha iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Cishe i-14% yenani eliphelele lamabhere ase-Himalaya angabesifazane abakhulelwe. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sesifikile ezinsukwini ezingama-240. Inqubo yokuzalwa ingaqala phakathi kukaJanuwari noMashi.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamawundlu, umama wabo uqala ukuphuma emgodini, kepha ngalesi sikhathi unolaka ikakhulukazi futhi uvikela izingane zakhe. Uma kunesitha esiseduze, ibhere linyusela amawundlu alo esihlahleni bese liphazamisa ukunakekela kulo. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi emabhele kwenzeka eminyakeni emithathu kuphela ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Amawundlu ayasebenza ngosuku lwesithathu, avule amehlo, bese eqala ukuhamba ngolwesine. Ngokwesilinganiso, kukhona kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-4 amawundlu kudoti. NgoMeyi, zifinyelela isisindo sama-2.5 kilograms, futhi ukuzimela okuphelele kwenzeka kuphela lapho uneminyaka engama-2-3. Kuze kube manje, amabhere aseduze nabazali bawo.
Amabhere e-Himalayan asebenza kakhulu
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamabhere ezikhona, i-Himalayan cishe ayiveli. Umehluko obonakalayo uhlobene nendlela yokuphila kanye nokudla. Ibhere lase-Himalaya lifihla ingozi ezihlahleni futhi alondli izilwane kuphela, kodwa futhi nokudla kwezitshalo, naphezu kwesimo salo esidlayo.
Inani lamabhere ase-Himalaya lidinga ukubuyiselwa, ngoba inqubo yokuzala kulezi zilwane ihamba kancane - insikazi izala kanye kuphela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu, futhi kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa lebhere. Lezi zilwane zidinga ukuvikelwa nokuvikelwa ekuqothulweni ngabazingeli kanye nokwakhiwa kwezimo ezifanele zazo - ukulondolozwa kwamahlathi.
