Inyoni ekhulumayo iyamangala ngobuhle bayo nokubukeka kwayo okunamandla. Abantu abaningi basehlathini bayasesaba isikhova. Le ndoda futhi yanikeza umhlaseli amandla amakhulu - ezinganekwaneni, ziveza amandla amnyama. Isizathu semfihlakalo silele ekubukeni okunganyakazi komphangi wasebusuku, amakhono angavamile omzingeli onezimpaphe.
Incazelo nezici
Ukhozi ukhozi - inyoni, ahlobene nomndeni wesikhova. Abantu abadala bangama-70-75 cm ubude, isisindo somzingeli singama-3-4 kg. Izimpiko zingamamitha ayi-1.5-1.9.Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi ezifundeni eziseningizimu yobubanzi isikhova sincane ngokuphawulekayo kunaleso sezinyoni ezihlala enyakatho.
Ukuma komzimba wenyoni kufana nomgqomo, izimpaphe ezivulekile zinika ivolumu yesici. Umsila uyindilinga ekugcineni. Imilenze eqinile ivame ukumbozwa izimpaphe, kepha lokhu akunjalo ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhova. Uzipho luyaqina kakhulu futhi luyisikhali esesabekayo somzingeli.
Ikhanda elikhulu lihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezingavamile. Izici "zezindlebe" ziyisici sazo zonke izikhova, kepha akuzona izitho zokuzwa. Umlomo omfishane ufakwe ingwegwe. Isakhiwo esikhethekile se-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho nemithambo yegazi ivumela inyoni ukuthi iphendule ikhanda layo ngama-200 °. Ikhono elimangalisayo lisiza umhlaseli ukugcina iso kuyo yonke into ezungezile.
Ungahlukanisa isikhova kwizikhova eziningi ngokuba khona kwezimpaphe "izindlebe"
Amehlo amakhulu ahlala ecebile ngombala - owolintshi, obomvu. Ukungaxhumanisi, ukubheka phambili, ukuqapha ubusuku nemini. Izinyoni zibona indawo ezikuyo zimnyama zimhlophe. Umfundi, ozwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni kokukhanya, uhlala eshintsha ngosayizi lapho isikhova sihamba.
Umzingeli ubona kahle lapho sekuhwalala. Ngobusuku obugcwele, isikhova sihamba sibonga ukuzwa kwaso okunamandla, sithatha imisindo nama-rustles abalulekile kumzingeli.
Umbala wesilwane esidala ungamathoni ansundu ansundu, anokuhlukahluka kwamachashazi amancane, njengokungathi kushawa izimpaphe ezivulekile. Esifubeni sesikhova kunamabala amnyama, isisu sisezimpondweni eziqondile. Ingubo yesilwane esidlayo iyahlukahluka ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zebanga.Isikhova ivumelanisa kahle nama-biotopes ahlukahlukene, lapho ithola khona isisekelo sokudla, ama-nooks okwakha isidleke. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni isondela ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Izwi lika-Owl okuphansi, okungalibaleki. Ukuqothula isici kuzwakala kude no-2-4 km. Ukusebenza kwe-repertoire ehlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kungazwakala emahoreni ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Imisindo ifana nokububula, izinyembezi, ukumemeza, ukukhwehlela. Ukukhathazeka kuboniswa "ukuhleka" okunamandla. Amanye amazwi esikhova ayefana namazwi abantu.
Lalela izwi lesikhova esijwayelekile
Ngokwemvelo, izinyoni eziqhoshayo azinazo izitha. Amachwane kuphela ashiywe enganakiwe isikhashana avezwa ezinsongweni. Izimpungushe nezimpisi zebela amachwane ezidlekeni. Izikhova zokhozi zifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho zithinta izintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu ngamaphiko azo, izinyoni zifa ngokufakwa ubuthi ngamagundane avela emasimini aqoshiwe. Izinyoni ziba yizisulu zabazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Izinhlobo
Ngokuya ngendawo, imininingwane yokudla okunempilo, izinhlobo eziyi-19 ziyabonakala, uhlobo oluhlukile lwezikhova zezinhlanzi, yize izazi zezinyoni zincoma ukuqaphela uhlobo lohlobo njengokujwayelekile.Izikhova zezinhlanzi hlala endaweni ekhethekile esigabeni sabaphathi bezindiza. Umehluko phakathi kohlobo lwegazi usekuphakeleni, okubandakanya izinto ezincane, izinhlanzi zomfula.
Izinyoni ezinkulu ezingama-70 cm ubude, isisindo esingu-3-4 kg. Umbala uvame ukuba nsundu ngamabala amnyama. Ukumakwa okukhanyayo kutholakala emphinjeni, emuva kwekhanda. Izinzwane azinalutho, nezinyawo ezinamafutha ukusekela isisulu.
Lalela izwi lesikhova sezinhlanzi
Izilwane ezizingelayo zizingela, zihleli osebeni oluphakeme, izihlahla zilenga phezu kwamanzi. Ngokushesha bashesha ukulandela inyamazane efunayo, bagqekeze isidumbu sesisulu ngozipho. Emanzini angajulile bangazulazula befuna ama-crayfish, amaxoxo, izinhlanzi ezincane. Izindawo zokuhlala isikhova enyakatho ntshonalanga IManchuria, China, Japan, Russia. Thola ukuthi iyinhlanzi yini isikhova e-Red Book noma cha, akukufanele - kuyizinhlobo ezifayo.
Isikhova esijwayelekile. Inyoni enkulu yombala obomvu, ehlukahluka kuye ngendawo yobubanzi bayo. EYurophu, eJapane, eChina, izimpaphe zimnyama zimnyama, e-Asia Ephakathi, eSiberia - mpunga ngombala obomvu. Izinzwani zinezimpaphe eziminyene. Ngezikhathi ezimbi, isikhova siphumelela ngokukhethekile ekutholeni isisulu.
Izinyoni zihlala eYurophu, e-Asia, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Afrika. Isabelo sezikhova sibanzi ngokungavamile - izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 kuphela zezinyoni. Amagundane, ama-lagomorphs, amakati nezinja nawo awela kuzipho zenyoni enamandla.
Isikhova sokhozi siyinyoni enkulu kakhulu, ekwaziyo ukuzingela izinyoni namakati
Isikhova saseBengal. Inyoni le iphakathi ngobukhulu. Isisindo somzingeli sincane, siyi-1 kg, ubude bungamasentimitha angama-55. Ingubo ephuzi ngokunsundu ihlotshiswe ngamabala amnyama okwehla okwehla. Amehlo abomvu ngokusawolintshi azwakala kakhulu. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala eNdiya, ePakistan, eBurma - kuze kufike ezintabeni zaseHimalaya.
Ukuvela kwezikhova ezindaweni zokuhlala, ophahleni lwezindlu, kucishe kwabalahlekisela ngempilo yabo. Baba ngamaqhawe enkolelo-ze, aqothulwa ngenkuthalo ngabantu ababengabafuni. Manje izikhova zokhozi lwaseBangal zivikelwe izinsizakalo eziningi zemvelo.
Isikhova sase-Afrika (esinamabala). Ummeleli omncane womndeni, isisindo senyoni esikhulile singama-500-800 g, umzimba ungaba ngu-45 cm ubude, izimpaphe zesikhova sokhozi sibomvu ngokunsundu ngamachashaza amhlophe, ahlangana ezindaweni abe yinye. Amehlo aphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi anombala osawolintshi. Emazweni ase-Afrika, isikhova esinamachashaza okhozi sihlala ema-savanna, ama-semi-desert. Umzingeli ujwayelekile, inombolo ayethusi.
Isikhova Esimpunga (sase-Abyssinia). Inyoni le iyafana ngobukhulu lesihlobo se-Africa. Isici esivelele somzingeli umbala onsundu wamehlo, abonakala ecishe abe mnyama. Izimpaphe zinsimbi eshunqa noma nsundu ngokukhanyayo. Izinyoni zihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yoGwadule iSahara.
Isikhova sokhozi saseNepal. Ubukhulu benyoni bujwayelekile. Umbala wezimpaphe ngemuva unombala onsundu, isisu nesifuba kunsundu ngokukhanyayo ngemigqa emnyama nemhlophe. Abantu bendawo babheka izinyoni njengezidalwa zodeveli ngezwi lazo elingajwayelekile, elikhumbuza ukukhuluma kwabantu.
Izifiso zezilwane ezinjengezilwane ezinjengokuthi zihlasela izilwane ezinkulu kubo - ziqaphele izibankwa, izimpungushe. Izindawo zokuhlala eziyizintandokazi amahlathi aswakeme e-Indochina naseHimalaya.
Lalela izwi lesikhova saseNepal
Virginia ukhozi ukhozi. Igama legama elifanayo lombuso waseMelika lapho kwatholakala khona umhlaseli. Izinyoni ezinkulu ezinemibala ehlukahlukene - emnyama, empunga, nsundu enamabala amnyama agqwalile. Zijwayela kahle emahlathini, emaqeleni, ezingwadule, ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Zizinze kulo lonke elaseMelika, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisenyakatho, inani labantu lincane kakhulu.
ICoronandel isikhova. Ihlukile ezindlebeni zezimpaphe, isethwe kakhulu. Ukucaca kwesilwane esidla inyama kubonakala ekuzingeleni kwasemini. Le nyoni ihlala eduze kwamanzi, emaxhaphozini, emahlathini aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi besikhova sokhozi buhlotshaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo zamathafa asuka ezifundeni zasenyakatho ze-taiga kuya emaphethelweni ogwadule. Izindawo ezihlala izilwane ezidla ezinye kufanele zinikezwe isisekelo sokudla, izindawo ezivalekile zokwakha izidleke. Izinyoni zivame ukubonakala emithambekeni yezintaba zigcwele uhlaza, ezindaweni ezinenqwaba yezihosha namagquma.
Isikhova sokhozi sizivumelanisa nezimbumbulu zemoss, izindawo zokulahla amahlathi, izindawo ezishisiwe, nokuhlanzwa. Le nyoni igwema amahlathi aminyene, ihlala ezindaweni ezigqagqene, emaphethelweni amahlathi. Umzingeli ukhangwa izindawo ezingenamithi, uma kukhona umdlalo, amagundane nezinye izinto zokudla kwesikhova kumasayithi.
Izinyoni azibesabi abantu, izilwane ezidlayo ziyavela ezindaweni zepaki nasemapulazini. Ubuningi babantu bucishe bube ngazimbili ezingama-46 zezikhova nge-100 sq. Km.Izinyoni zasebusika - ubusikaukuhola impilo yokuhlala. Ezinye izinhlobo ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zishiya izindawo zazo zokwakha ebusika bese zindizela eningizimu zifuna ukudla.
Isikhova sihamba ebusuku
Umsebenzi wezikhova zokhozi wezinhlobo eziningi wanda ebusuku. Emini, zihamba ziyofuna inyamazane ikakhulukazi lapho lina liguqubele, kusihlwa. Izindlela zokuzingela izilwane ezidla ezinye ezindaweni ezihlukene cishe ziyefana, ngaphandle kwezikhova ezibandayo nezikhova zezinhlanzi.
Emini, izikhova ezibandayo zibuka inyamazane yazo emagqumeni - zihleli emagatsheni, emithambekeni, ezinqeni zamatshe. Ebusuku, zivamise ukugijimisa inyamazana endizeni, zindizela phezu kwesisulu njengomdlwane.
Ngenkathi zizingela, izikhova zezinhlanzi zihlala osebeni lomfula noma zihamba emanzini angajulile. Ngokungafani nama-congener, ahlala ehamba phansi, eshiya imikhondo yonke yezinyawo ezinemilenze. Bacwila ezinhlanzini, bayihlwithe emanzini, bazicwilise echibini kancane.
Izinhlobo ezihlukene zezikhova zokhozi ziyaqhwa zifuna inyamazane, zifuna into ezizoyiphishekela. Ngokuphonsa ngokushesha, le nyoni ibamba isisulu, ifake izinzipho zayo, kungashiyi ithuba lokudedelwa. Izidliwayo zisebenzisa isisulu esincane ngokuphelele, kanti ezinkulu zidwengulwa ngomlomo wazo, bese zigwinywa ngesikhumba.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukhozi ukhozi inyoni edla inyama, ekudleni kwayo kunezilwane ezincelisayo ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nezinyoni zokusabalalisa ngobuningi. Lesi sici senza sikwazi ukujwayela ama-biotopes, sinciphise ukuncika kwesilwane ezinhlotsheni zokudla, futhi asithinti inani lezilwane ezingavamile. Isikhova esidala sidinga u-200-400 g wenyama ngosuku. Ebusika, inani lokudla liyanda, ehlobo liyancipha. Ukudla kuqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezisulu ezivela
- amagundane: ama-hamsters, amagundane, ama-jerboas, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, izingwejeje;
- izilwane ezincelisayo: ama-martens, ama-badgers, ama-roe deer, ama-hedgehogs, izimbuzi;
- izinyoni: abagawuli bezinkuni, amadada, amagwababa, izindwandwe, ohlangothini;
- Ezihuquzelayo: izibankwa, izimfudu;
- izinambuzane: izinkumbi, amabhungane omhlabathi, izicabucabu;
- fish, ama-crustaceans.
Izikhova zokhozi azikhamisi ngesisulu sabanye abantu, zebela izicupho ezicupheni. Zikhetha izisulu ezilula. Isikhova sasentshonalanga Afrika sidla amabhungane, amaphela, izinyendle ngenxa yezinzipho ezibuthakathaka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izikhova zigcina ubudlelwano bomuntu oyedwa ngababili. Imifelandawonye eqinile ayiphuli ngisho nangemva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana. Isiko lokuheha umlingani ligcinwa minyaka yonke njengoba kungokokuqala ngqa. Okokuqala, i-hoot emema, ukuheha umbhangqwana, bese kuba imicibisholo yomkhosi, ukondla, ukuqabulana ngemilomo.
Izinyoni zihlela izidleke emigodini emidala, zibambe abantu ezingabazi, kwesinye isikhathi zenze ngembobo encane phansi endaweni eyimfihlo. Amaqanda abekwa ngezikhathi zezinsuku ezi-2-4. Isibalo samaqanda ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile sehlukile: isikhova sokhozi saseMalay sineqanda elilodwa kuphela, kanti isikhova se-polar sinamaqanda afinyelela kwali-15. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-32-35, kufukamela abesifazane kuphela. Isikhova esiduna sinakekela umlingani waso ngokudla.
Izichwebu zichanyuselwa ngokulandelana lapho zizalela amaqanda. Amachwane weminyaka ehlukene nosayizi ahlangana esidlekeni. Izingane zizalwa zingaboni, zinesisindo esingu-60 g, imizimba yazo imbozwe ukukhanya okuncane. Amaphuphu abona ngosuku lwesine, emva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 embozwe izimpaphe ezintekenteke.
Izikhova zihlela izidleke emigodini nasemifantwini yezihlahla
Okokuqala, insikazi ayihlukani nenzalo, bese ishiya isidleke iyofuna ukudla kwamaphuphu angenelisi. Isici sokuthuthukiswa kwenzalo ukubonakaliswa kwe-kainism, i.e. ukubulala ababuthakathaka ngamaphuphu aqinile. Ukukhethwa kwemvelo kugcina izinyoni ezinamandla zilungele ukuzalela eminyakeni emi-2-3.
Ucwaningo olungaphandle kwesidleke luqala cishe enenyanga eyodwa ubudala. Ama-flutters okuqala athathelwa indawo izindiza ezimfushane, bese kuthi izinyoni zithole amandla, ziqale impilo ezimele cishe iminyaka engama-20 emvelweni, okuphindwe kabili ekuvalelwe.
Owl esithombeni Imangaza abantu ngokubonakala kokuvela kwayo, ukubukeka kokuzethemba komzingeli. Ukuhlangana nenyoni kuvusa intshisekelo enkulu kumuntu wasendulo emhlabeni.
