Idada lasendle laziwa yonke indawo, lapho kunemizimba yamanzi kanye namahlathi asogwini. Ukungathobeki ezimeni zokuphila kwavumela inyoni ukuba ihlale emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, wathanjiswa ngumuntu, waba ngukhokho wezinhlobo eziningi zokuzalisa.
Incazelo nezici
Kuyasendle mallard emndenini wedada - inyoni ejwayelekile kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba owondlekile kahle ngu-40-60 cm, isisindo ngu-1.5-2 kg. Isisindo senyoni sikhula ngokwindla, lapho ungqimba lwamafutha lukhula. Iphiko lifinyelela kumitha eli-1. Idada lasendle linekhanda elikhulu, uqhwaku oluthambile. Izidladla zesifazane ziwolintshi, owesilisa ubomvu. Umsila mfushane.
Ukwehliswa ngokocansi kwamadada asendle kuthuthukiswa kangangokuba ekuqaleni owesilisa nowesifazane babonwa njengezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ungahlala ubahlukanisa ngombala womlomo - kwabesilisa kuba luhlaza ezansi, kuphuzi ekugcineni, kwabesifazane isisekelo sigcwele amachashazi amnyama.
Ama-drake makhulu, umbala ucacile - ikhanda le-emerald, intamo, ikhola emhlophe igcizelela isifuba esinsundu. Mpunga emuva nasesiswini. Izimpiko zinsundu nezibuko ezibubende, umngcele omhlophe. Izimpaphe zomsila zicishe zibe mnyama.
Ama-mallard abesilisa nabesifazane ahluke ngokuyisisekelo komunye nomunye ngezimpaphe
Kwabesilisa abasebasha, izimpaphe zinesici se-iridescent sheen. Ubuhle bamadrake buphuma ngokugqamile entwasahlobo, ngokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ngesikhathi se-molt yasekwindla, ingubo iyashintsha, ama-drake afana nokubukeka kwabesifazane. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umsila wedada lasendle lanoma ibuphi ubulili uhlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezikhethekile ezisongekile. Banendima ekhethekile - ukubamba iqhaza ezindizeni zokuhamba, ukuhamba emanzini.
Abesifazane bancane, banesizotha ngombala, okusondele kakhulu ekufihleni kwemvelo. Isifuba sinesihlabathi ngombala, umbala oyinhloko wezimpaphe unsundu namabala wethoni ebomvu. Izibuko ezijwayelekile ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-violet, umngcele omhlophe nawo akhona.
Umbala wabesifazane awuguquki isikhathi nonyaka. Amachwane afana nombala wezimpaphe zezinsikazi ezindala, kepha kunezindawo ezimbalwa esiswini, futhi umbala awuthambile.
Ama-moults wesizini amadada ayenzeka kabili ngonyaka - ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ngemuva kokuphela kwayo. UDrakes ushintsha ngokuphelele izimpaphe ngesikhathi sokufukanyiselwa kwabesifazane ngamaqhuqhuva. Abesifazane bashintsha izingubo zabo - lapho izinsizwa ziphakama ephikweni.
Ngesikhathi se-molt yasekwindla, abesilisa banqwabelana emhlambini, benze amancane ezifundeni zehlathi. Ezinye izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke. UMallard ekwindla kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-20-25 ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okundiza ngenkathi izimpaphe zishintsha. Emini, izinyoni zihlala ezihlahleni eziminyene ezisogwini lomfula, kusihlwa zidla emanzini. I-Molting ithatha izinyanga ezi-2.
Kungani iMallard yaqanjwa kanjalo dissonant, ungaqagela uma uzwa izwi lakhe. Akunakwenzeka ukumdida nezinyoni zehlathi. Phakathi kwabantu, izinyoni zasendle zibizwa ngokuthi amadada aqinile, ama-mallards. Izwi likaMallard phansi, iyabonakala kahle. Ngesikhathi sokudla, kuzwakala imisindo ebukhali yokuxhumana kwezinyoni.
Lalela izwi lemallard
Ukuzitika kaningi ngaphambi kokundiza, kudonsa isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokwesaba. Amazwi edrake entwasahlobo afana nempempe ayikhipha ngenxa yesigubhu samathambo ku-trachea. Amabhantshi asanda kuzalwa akhipha ukukhala okuncane. Kepha noma phakathi kwemvuthuluka yamadrake kungatholakala ngemisindo eyodwa, ukukhala kwamadada kuqukethe imigoqo emibili.
Izinhlobo
Ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezintathu kuya kwezingu-12 ezahlukanisiwe, ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Okudume kakhulu, ngaphandle kwe-mallard ejwayelekile, yilawa:
- Omnyama waseMelika;
- IsiHawaii;
- mpunga;
- mnyama.
Akuwona wonke ama-subspecies ayizinyoni ezifudukayo. Uma izimo zezulu zivumelana nedada, alishintshi indawo yamanzi.
Idada elimnyama laseMelika. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi - amanzi, amachibi amachibi ahlanzekile phakathi kwamahlathi, amatheku, iziziba eduze nezindawo zezolimo. Amadada ikakhulukazi afuduka.
Ebusika, ziya eningizimu. Izimpaphe zimnyama nsundu. Ikhanda limpunga ngemichilo ensundu emqhele, ngamehlo. Izibuko ziyi-blue-violet. Uqhwaku luphuzi. Yakha imihlambi emikhulu. Bahlala eMpumalanga Canada.
Idada elimnyama laseMelika
I-mallard yaseHawaii. Kutholakala eziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseHawaii. UDrake, owesifazane onombala onsundu, isibuko esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuluhlaza okumhlophe. Umsila umnyama. Bahlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ezinamaxhaphozi, ezigodini zemifula, abangazivumelanisi nezindawo ezintsha. Esikhundleni samaqembu amakhulu, bakhetha ukuhlala ngababili.
Idada laseHawaii mallard
Impunga mallard. Le nyoni incane, incane kune-mallard ejwayelekile. Umbala we-Grey-ocher, izibuko ezimnyama nezimhlophe, nsundu ezindaweni. Kuhlala indawo yamahlathi asemahlathini ukusuka esifundeni sase-Amur kuya emingceleni esentshonalanga.
I-mallard empunga kulula ukuyibona ngosayizi wayo omncane
Imnyama emnyama (enekhala eliphuzi). Umbala wesilisa nowesifazane uyafana. Incane kune-mallard ejwayelekile. Ingemuva inombala onsundu onsundu. Ikhanda libomvu, izimpaphe ezinamachweba, amabala e-pivot amnyama. Phansi okumhlophe kwekhanda.
Imilenze iwolintshi elikhanyayo. Bahlala ePrimorye, eTransbaikalia, eSakhalin, eKuril Islands, e-Australia, eSoutheast Asia. Izazi zezinyoni zikholelwa ukuthi i-black mallard yayijwayele ukuba nensimu ehlukile. Kepha namuhla ama-subspecies azalane.
I-mallard enekhala eliphuzi
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Inani elikhulu ledada lasendle ligxile enyakatho Nenkabazwe. Idada laseMallard isatshalaliswa e-Eurasia, e-USA, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphakeme zezintaba, izindawo ezingamahlane. Ensimini yaseRussia, ihlala eSiberia, eKamchatka, eziqhingini zaseKuril.
UMallard uyinyoni ukufuduka kancane. Abantu abahlala eRussia bathuthela ezindaweni ezishisayo ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika, beshiya indawo yokwakha izidleke. Amadada ahlala eGreenland unomphela. Ezindaweni ezinamachibi angabandi ebusika, izinyoni zihlala uma abantu bezondla njalo.
Inani eliphelele lamadada asemadolobheni liyavela, izidleke zazo ezitholakala ophahleni lwendlu, emigodini yezakhiwo. Izinyoni ziyaneliseka ngokungabi bikho kwezitha zemvelo, ukudla njalo, indawo engenawo iqhwa.
I-Wild mallard ihlala emizimbeni yamanzi amnandi, anama-brackish anezindawo zamanzi ezijulile ezinamanzi ambozwe ama-duckweed. Awuyithandi imifula egeleza ngokushesha, amabhange angenamuntu. Amadada ajwayelekile emachibini, emaxhaphozini anenqwaba yemhlanga, ama-sedges. Izindawo zokuhlala eziyizintandokazi zitholakala eduze kwezihlahla eziwile embhedeni womfula.
Emhlabeni, ama-mallards abonakala engamampunge ngenxa yokuhamba kwawo, ukunyakaza okungagijimisi. Uma kunengozi, ziba nesivinini, zicashe ngokushesha emahlathini. Idada lasendle lingahlukaniswa nezinye izinyoni zamanzi ngezici zalo zobuntu.
UMallard ngokuhlukile isuka - ngokushesha, ngaphandle komzamo, ngempempe yesici ngenxa yokushaya amaphiko njalo. Inyoni elimele icwila, ibhukuda amashumi amamitha ngaphansi kwamanzi ukucasha ekuphishekeleni. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinyoni zihlala emhlambini, inani lazo livela emashumini amaningana, kwesinye isikhathi amakhulu abantu. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha ukuhlala ngazimbili.
Izitha zemvelo zemallard izidalwa ezahlukahlukene. Izinkozi, oklebe, izikhova zokhozi, ama-otter, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zizitika ngamadada. Amaqanda amadada amaningi afa lapho izinja, amagwababa nezimpungushe zibhubhisa izidleke.
Abantu basendle balondolozwa ngenxa yokungathobeki kokudla, izimo zokuhlala. Kepha ukuhweba okusakazekile, ukuzingelwa kwezemidlalo sekuholele ekwehliseni isibalo sabo. Njengamanje, ukudubula kwezinyoni kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, ukuzingela kuvunyelwe kuphela kuma-drake.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abalimi babethatha amaqanda ezidlekeni, futhi amaphuphu ayekhishwa kubhasikidi ofudumele awasebenzise ekhaya. Manje usungathenga izinkukhu ezenziwe ngomumo emapulazini ezinkukhu, qala ukuzifukamela ngokwakho. Ukugcina ama-mallards akunzima.
Izinyoni zidinga kuphela ukufinyelela emanzini amaningi. Ukudla kwemvelo kwenza ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla. Ukuguquguquka okubandayo kwamadada akudingi indlu efudumele. Idada laseMallard alitshalwa nje kuphela ukuthola imfucuza, izimpaphe, inyama, kepha kaningi ukuhlobisa amadamu nezindawo ezizimele.
Ukudla okunomsoco
I-Mallard duck feed ogwini olungashoni, lapho ukujula kungama-30-35 cm. Idada alinciphisi intamo yalo kuphela emanzini, kepha livame ukujikela phezulu lifune ukudla, lizama ukufinyelela ezitshalweni ezansi echibini. UMallard esithombeni okuvame ukuthunjwa ngesikhathi sokudla kule ndawo kanye nayo - umsila up.
Idada lisebenzisa ukudla ngokusefa - ngokuhluza ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo:
- uphondo;
- ukhukhunathi
- onoshobishobi;
- inhlanzi encane;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izinambuzane;
- izibungu zomiyane;
- izimbaza;
- amaxoxo;
- onoshobishobi.
Ngokuwa, inani lefolishi lezitshalo ekudleni kwamadada liba ngaphezulu - izilimo eziyizigaxa nezithelo zezitshalo ziyakhula. Amadada asendle azondla ebusuku ngenkuthalo emasimini ezolimo, lapho izinyoni zithatha khona izinhlamvu zama-oats, i-rye, ukolweni, irayisi. Ekuseni, izinyoni zibuyela emachibini. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, amadada asendle adla kuphela izitshalo zasemanzini.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Lapho unonyaka owodwa, amadada alungele ukuzala. Ukuvulwa kwenkathi yokukhwelana kuyahluka kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJuni, kuya ngesimo sezulu - eningizimu, inkathi yokukhwelana iyavulwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. AmaDrake makhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane ngenxa yokufa kwawo kaningi ngesikhathi sokuzalisa. Umncintiswano wokulawulwa kwabesifazane unolaka.
Ukukhwelana kwamadoda kuvulwa ekupheleni kwesibumbu sekwindla, kepha isikhathi esifushane siphela ngo-Okthoba. Ngentwasahlobo, umsebenzi uyanda futhi uhlala kuze kube nguMeyi. Ukuziphatha kwabesilisa kuyakhombisa. Phambi kowesifazane okhethiwe i-mallard drake uqhuba isiko lonke: uphonsa ikhanda lakhe phambili naphezulu ngokunyakaza okubukhali kathathu ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Ekuphonseni kokugcina, ikhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi ngamaphiko asakazekile acishe ame mpo. Iminyakazo ihambisana nokushaya amakhwela, ukutshiza. Eyeduna ifihla ikhanda layo ngemuva kwephiko, idonse umlomo wayo ngezimpaphe, yenze umsindo wokubhonga.
Ama-mallards abesilisa nabesifazane anamachwane
Insikazi nayo ingakhetha ibhangqa - ibhukuda izungeze idrake, inqekuzise ikhanda phansi nangemuva, ihehe ukunakwa. Amabili adaliwe agcinwa kuze kube yisikhathi lapho owesifazane eqala ukuchamisela inzalo. Kancane kancane abesilisa bayaqoqana babe imihlambi, bandize baye kolwandle. Izibonelo zokubamba iqhaza kwabesilisa enzalweni ziyehlukile.
Isidleke sihlala kaningi emahlathini asogwini, hhayi kude namanzi. Ebusweni bomhlaba, ihlala phansi ngotshani, phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi i-clutch ivela esidlekeni segwababa, esilahliwe. Ukujula kwe-weft kwenza kube ngisho, kujule, kujikeleze endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Izinto zibuthana eduze, ezingafinyelela ngomlomo wazo. Iduna alisizi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi lihamba nensikazi ukuletha iqanda elilandelayo.
Ngokwanda kwe-clutch, insikazi ingeza ukufudlana okususwe esifubeni, kwakheke izinhlangothi ezintsha zesidleke. Uma i-mallard isuswe okwesikhashana, khona-ke imboza amaqanda nge-fluff ukugcina ukushisa, ukufihla. Inani elikhulu lama-clutter liyashabalala ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zasogwini, ukuhlaselwa izinyoni nezilwane ezidla umhlaba.
Isidleke sikaMallard
Ngemuva kokulahlekelwa yi-clutch, insikazi ithwala amaqanda iye esidlekeni sedada somunye umuntu noma kwezinye izinyoni. Uma ekwazi ukudala i-clutch ephindaphindiwe, kusho ukuthi ingaphansi kweyedlule.
Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch imvamisa amaqanda ayi-9-13. Umbala umhlophe, unombala oluhlaza okomnqumo, onyamalala kancane kancane. Isikhathi sokufukamela izinsuku ezingama-28. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wonke amaphuphu avela ngaphakathi kwamahora ayi-10-14. Umjikelezo wokukhula kwamaqanda abekwe phakathi kokugcina mfushane kunalawo angaphambilini.
Iphuphu linesisindo esifinyelela ku-38 g Umbala wosana olusanda kuzalwa uyafana nowomama. Amabala awaqondakali, afiphele emzimbeni wonke. Amabele ashiya isidleke emahoreni ayi-12-16. Izingane ziyakwazi ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukudilika. Ekuqaleni, zivame ukubuthana eduze konina, zigcwale ngaphansi kwamaphiko akhe. Zizondla ngezicabucabu, izinambuzane.
Amachwane aseMallard ngokushesha azimele futhi azondle
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala, imvuthu iyazana, ixoshe amatshwele ezinkukhu zabanye abantu. Lapho nginamasonto amahlanu ngisemncane i-mallard quacking njengedada elikhulile. Cishe lapho inezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, le ntshontsho lenyuka ngephiko. Ngokwemvelo, impilo yemallard iyiminyaka eyi-13-15, kepha iphela ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuzingela izinyoni. Amadada angaphila iminyaka engama-25 eziqiwini zemvelo.
Ukuzingela iMallard
Idada lasendle kudala lazingelwa. Okuvame kakhulu ukuzingela kwehlobo-ekwindla nezinja zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Bacinga amahlathi, baphakamisa amadada ephikweni, banikeze izwi - baxwayisa umnikazi ngokulungela ukudubula. Ngemuva kokudubula impama, ingqongqoza umdlalo, inja iyithola inyoni bese iyiletha kumnikazi wayo.
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzingela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinja. Omunye wabo usebenzisa amaphrofayili wedada ndawonye ne-decoy. I-mallard ehlanganisiwe itshalwe emanzini, ukukhala kwedada lokukhohlisa kuphakamisa izinyoni eziseduze. Ukuheha izinyoni kuyasiza ukukhohlisa kwe-mallard, ukulingisa izwi lenyoni, uma umhlobisi eyeka ukukhuluma.
Ukuzingela ekufudukeni kwenziwa ekwindla, kuze kufike ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Bakha amaqhugwane akhethekile, babeka izilwane ezigxotshiwe, badubule beqamekele. Umlando wemallard ubuyela emuva eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphezulu kwezinyoni kukwenze ukuthi bakwazi ukuhlangana namadada asendle ezilwaneni zasendle kuze kube namuhla.
