Incazelo nezici
Auk - Le yinyoni yasemanzini esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, ehlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Abamele lezo zilwane ezinamaphiko ezivela emndenini wama-auk batholakala ogwini naseziqhingini zaseNyakatho ye-Atlantic, zombili eziseduze nezwekazi laseYurophu nelaseMelika.
Ngokweminye imibiko, kuseCanada lapho iningi labantu balezi zinyoni ligxila khona, futhi inani labantu abafika kulezi zifunda ngesikhathi sokufukamela lifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50. Abantu base-Iceland nabo badume ngosayizi.
Ingubo yombala walezi zidalwa ihlukaniswa ngokuqhathanisa, ngokuba engxenyeni engenhla, okungukuthi, ekhanda, emaphikweni, entanyeni nasemhlane, mnyama ocwebezelayo ngokufakwa kwamachashazi ombala onsundu, nasengxenyeni engezansi, esifubeni nasesiswini, kumhlophe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa emhlophe ebonakalayo iyabonakala ebusweni balezi zinyoni. Zigijima zisuka emehlweni ziye emlonyeni omkhulu, ojiyile, ogobile ngokuqaphelekayo, obhebhelekile ohlangothini, lapho amakhala avele khona njengama-slits.
Imivimbo emincane efanayo eguqukayo nayo ingabonakala emaphikweni alezi zidalwa. Kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi umbala wezinyoni ungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngesigaba seminyaka yomuntu othile kanye nenkathi.
Inhloko yale nyoni eyisicaba inesizotha uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izitho zomzimba. Amehlo amancane ansundu nomnyama awavelele kakhulu kuwo. Intamo yalezi zidalwa imfushane.
Imilenze yabo eguquguqukayo inezinhlayiya ezithuthukile, eziminyene, ezinombala omnyama. Umsila wabo uphakanyiswe kancane, ubukhali ekugcineni, ulinganiselwa ku-10 cm. Lezi nezinye izici ziyabonakala esithombeni auk.
Akukho mehluko okhethekile wangaphandle phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa ku-auk, ngaphandle kokuthi owokugcina uvame ukuba mkhulu ngosayizi. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa abakhulu bangafinyelela isisindo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu owodwa nohhafu, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kuma-43 cm, kanti amaphiko abo angaba nobude obufinyelela kuma-69 cm.
Kodwa ubukhulu obunjalo buzalwa yizinyoni ezimweni ezikhethekile kuphela, kepha eziningi zazo, noma sezikhulile, azikhuli ngobude obungaphezu kwama-20 cm.
Izinyoni zikhipha imisindo eminyene yangaphakathi, ezwakala iphikelela ikakhulukazi ngokulindela imikhosi yomshado. Amazwi abo ayefana ne- "gar-gar", lapho lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zanikezwa igama elidumile.
Lalela izwi le-auk
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lwe-auk cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezine noma ezinhlanu edlule, ngesikhathi sePleistocene, lwaluluningi kakhulu kunalolu olukhona manje. Bese kuthi eMelika, endaweni lapho iNorth Carolina itholakala khona manje, ngokusho kososayensi, izinsalela, okungukuthi, ezingasenakuphikiswa, izinhlobo ze-auk zazihlala.
Abantu besikhathi sethu bangahlulela ukubukeka kwabo kuphela ngezingcezu zezinsalela ezitholakele zezinyoni zasendulo zasendulo.
Kodwa-ke, muva nje (maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule), olunye uhlobo lwanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba - i-auk engenazimpiko... Igama lenyoni enjalo aliyona into engaqondakali, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ilahlekelwe amandla okundiza. Kepha ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhamba emoyeni, wabhukuda ngobuciko, yize emhlabeni wayenexhala kakhulu.
Ngenxa yokwehluleka ukundiza, amaphiko ezinyoni ezinjalo ayemfishane ngokungahambisani, ayengu-15 cm ubude, ngosayizi wabantu abangafika kuma-80 cm. cishe ama-5 kg). Futhi, lezi zinyoni zibhekwa njengezicishe zifane namaphengwini.
Izindawo zalezi zilwane ezinamaphiko amafushane zazicebile ogwini lokudla naseziqhingini zase-Atlantic ezinogu olunamadwala. Izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans kwakusetshenziswa njengokudla kwabo. Izitha zemvelo zalezi zilwane ezingasekho zihlanganisa ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe, ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe nomkhomo obulalayo. Kodwa izitha ezimbi kunazo zonke kwakuyindoda.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinyoni ezingasekho sezaziwa ngabantu amakhulu eminyaka. Ngokwesiko lamaNdiya, zazibhekwa njengezinyoni ezikhethekile, futhi imilomo yazo yayisetshenziswa njengemihlobiso.
Ama-auk angenamaphiko nawo abulawelwa uketshezi lwawo nenyama, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nawo enziwa izilwane ezigcwele, aheha abaqoqi.
Futhi umphumela kwaba ukuqothulwa okuphelele kwezinyoni ezinjalo (umuntu wokugcina kukholakala ukuthi wabonwa ngo-1852). Kungakho izihlobo zabo zesimanjemanje, ezichazwe ngaphambili kakhulu, kungukuphela kohlobo lohlobo lwe-auk olukhona endle namuhla.
I-auk engenamaphiko ibingenakugcinelwa izizukulwane ezizayo, yize kunezinyathelo ezithathiwe kulokhu ngesikhathi esifanele. Manje, abathandi bemvelo bazama ukusindisa abamele okokugcina bohlobo lwe-auk. Sekuvele kufakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo ezivikelekile eScotland, lapho esiqhingini saseFula esiqiwini sithathwa ngenothi elikhethekile.
Manje ososayensi bahlela, besebenzisa izinto zofuzo ezivela emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule, ezigcinwe ngokuyisimangaliso kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuhlanganisa nokuqothula izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela bayivuse bese beyibeka ezimweni zemvelo, okukholelwa ukuthi, iziqhingi zaseFarne ezisogwini lwaseBrithani zilungele kakhulu.
Isimo saseMaine eMelika nasogwini olusenyakatho lwaseFrance kubhekwa njengezindawo zokuhlala eziseningizimu ye-auk yesimanje. Ngokuqondene nabahlali abasenyakatho kakhulu, lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko ezivela ezifundeni ezinzima zenza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile eNew England, eNewfoundland nasogwini olusentshonalanga yeMedithera ngokuqala kobusika.
Ezweni lethu, lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zihlala kakhulu ogwini lwaseMurmansk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kaningi, kepha uhlangana noLwandle Olumhlophe kanye neLake Ladoga. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kunemizi enegama elifanayo enegama lenyoni engxenyeni emaphakathi yezwekazi, lapho abamele lezi zilwane bengakaze batholakale khona.
Isibonelo, e-Altai nasezindaweni ezinjenge Sverdlovsk «Auk»Kwenzeka njengegama lezindawo zokuhlala nemizana.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izinyoni ezinjalo zithanda ukuhlala emanzini anosawoti kanye nasogwini olunamadwala ezindaweni lapho kunokudla okuningi khona, ezikwaziyo ukungena ezinzulwini zamanzi ziye ekujuleni okukhulu. Kodwa emoyeni, lezi zidalwa ezinezimpaphe zinikeza umbono wokuthi ziyindida futhi ziyacabanga.
Emhlabeni, bazithola futhi bengakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha, behlela kabusha imilenze yabo, bezilungiselela ukubhukuda okunekhono, kepha hhayi ukuhamba, ngezicubu ezijiyile, kancane futhi nobunzima. Izikhala ezivulekile ezinamanzi ziyisici sabo. Empeleni, ukumemeza kwemvelo kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana okwenza izidalwa ezinjalo zifike ogwini.
Ama-Auk, njengamanye amalungu omndeni wawo, adume ngokugxila kwawo amakhulu emakoloni ezinyoni awakha. Umkhuba onjalo wokuhlangana emakoloni amakhulu unikeza lezi zidalwa izinzuzo ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi, amandla okuzizwa ephephile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye nakwezinye izitha.
Lezi zinyoni azifani nje kuphela nokubukeka kwazo okwehlukile nobuhle bazo, kodwa futhi nokukwazi kwazo ukuzivumelanisa ngokuphelele nokuphila okugcwele ezimweni zesimo sezulu esibi esingamukeleki kwezinye izidalwa eziningi eziphilayo, ngoba zitholakala nasezinkalweni zeqhwa laphakade neqhwa I-Arctic.
Inyoni ye-Auk uthembela kakhulu endaweni yamanzi kangangokuba nezincane zezinyoni ezinjalo, lapho nje sezikhulile, ziyashesha ukujwayela le ndawo, zigxume ziye kwalasha olwandle oluvuthayo olusuka emadwaleni.
Kuliqiniso, hhayi kuzo zonke izinkukhu, ukuzivocavoca okunjalo kuphela ngokujabulisayo. Isibindi sabesifazane abampofu imvamisa siyimbangela yenhlekelele.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Vele, izinyoni ezinjalo zithola ukudla ngaphansi kwamanzi kuphela. U-Auk uyadla inhlanzi: ama-anchovies, i-herring, i-cod, i-sprat, i-capelin, kanye nezikelemu zasolwandle, ama-mollusks angezansi, ama-crustaceans, ama-shrimps, i-squid. Ukuthola ukudla okulungele zona, lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukungena emanzini isikhathi esingaba ngumzuzu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zifinyelele ekujuleni kwamamitha ayisikhombisa.
Ukubamba nokubamba isisulu esihlosiwe, zisebenzisa uqhwaku olujwayelene kakhulu nalokhu, olunomumo ofana nocingo ngesizathu. Lezi zinyoni zikhetha ukusebenzisa inyamazane yazo zintsha.
Futhi-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho sebephezu komhlaba, ngokushesha badlulela ekudleni, noma bagijimele ukuletha okumnandi kumawundlu abo. Ukweqisa nokungazethembi kuyindalo impela kulezi zidalwa, ngenxa yalokhu, kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi zihlasele ezinye izinyoni ukuze zisuse kuzo izibiliboco ezibanjwe ngobuqotho.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuzalela inzalo yalezi zinyoni ezikhethekile kuwela esikhathini sehlobo elibandayo nelifushane elisenyakatho. Futhi ivuthiwe ngokwenyama futhi iyakwazi ukukhiqiza uhlobo lwayo inyoni ye-auk iba kwenye indawo cishe emihlanu, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphambi kwalokho, okungukuthi, eneminyaka emine.
Imidlalo yokukhwelana kulezi zinyoni yandulelwa ukuqomisana okuhlaba umxhwele. Izama ukujabulisa abazoba ngabalingani, i-auk ivula ubuhle ukuze ivuselele ngokwanele uthando lwayo.
Futhi ngemuva kokuthi amalungu ombhangqwana akhiwe ekugcineni ethathe isinqumo sokuhlala ndawonye, ukukhwelana okunothando kwenzeka phakathi kwabo, futhi kaningi kakhulu, ngoba ukuya ocansini okunjalo kungenzeka kulezi zinyoni kuze kube izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili.
Kepha ukusebenza okukhonjisiwe akusho nakancane ngokuzala kwalezi zinyoni. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi abesifazane, ngemuva kwemikhuba enjalo enothando, bayakwazi ukujabulisa umhlaba ngeqanda elilodwa kuphela.
Futhi ngasikhathi sinye abayibeki esidlekeni, kepha bamane bangena emadwaleni, befuna imifantu efanelekile, izingcindezi neziphetho ezifile kuzo. Kuyenzeka kaningi ukuthi i-auk, ibone indawo eyodwa elula, ibuyele lapho futhi eminyakeni elandelayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinyoni ngokwazo zifuna ukulungisa indawo ezobekwa kuyo, ngenkathi zisebenzisa amatshe amancane njengempahla yokwakha, nokufaka phansi ukucindezeleka okwenziwe ngezimpaphe nobulembu.
Amaqanda e-Auk, anesisindo esingaphezudlwana nje kwekhulu lamagremu, imvamisa aphuzi noma abe mhlophe ngebala, futhi amabala ansundu noma abomvu kwesinye isikhathi angabonakala kwezinye izindawo. Zombili izinhlangothi zibamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuziqandeni: bobabili umama nobaba.
Banakekela kakhulu futhi bayazigada izingane zabo, noma kunjalo, abazideli kangako ukuze bazikhohlwe ngokuphelele ngabo. Angithi uma izinyoni zisengozini, zingacasha kahle, zikhohlwe ngamaqanda.
Ngasikhathi sinye, abazali bayakwazi ukushiya i-clutch inganakiwe futhi ngaphandle kosongo oluvela ngaphandle, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuba inzalo izalwe, bavame kakhulu ukufuna ukudla okude, imvamisa besuka kude kakhulu nendawo yokwakha izidleke.
Ukuziphatha okunjalo kufanelekile uma izinyoni zizala amawundlu, njengoba kuyisiko phakathi kwabamele lo mndeni, emakoloni, ngakho-ke bobabili bona namachwane abo baphephile. Kepha ngokushesha nje lapho abalandela lolu hlobo bachanyuselwa, abazali abasazivumeli ukungabikho isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sokufukamela cishe siyinyanga eyodwa nohhafu.
Uma iqanda elilodwa lilahleka ngenxa yengozi edabukisayo, ama-auks ashadile asakwazi ukubuyisa ukulahleka kwawo futhi enze i-clutch entsha. Amachwane e-Auk embozwe ubumnyama phansi (emahoreni okuqala okuphila isisindo sawo singama-gramu angama-60) ondliwa ngabazali bawo ekudleni kwezinhlanzi.
Ekuqaleni, azifani ngokuhamba okukhulu, azinakuzisiza futhi zihlala zibanda. Kodwa emva kwamasonto amabili aqala ukujwayela amakhaza asenyakatho.
Ngalesi sikhathi, amatshwele akhula aqine futhi avuthwe ukuze akwazi ukuhamba, ephelezelwa ngabantu abadala, ohambweni lwabo lokuqala empilweni yabo eya entweni eyinhloko yawo wonke ama-auks - amanzi: ulwandle noma itheku, lapho beneminyaka emibili yezinyanga bafunda ukubhukuda ngobuciko.
Emvelweni wamanzi, ngokuyisisekelo, bonke ubukhona babo obulandelayo budlula. Futhi isikhathi sabo sokuphila sinesikhathi seminyaka ecishe ibe ngama-38, okuyinto eningi kakhulu kubamele umbuso onezimpaphe.
