UStepnaya Bustard, ngaphandle ifana nentshe encane, yisakhamuzi esivamile emadlelweni anotshani. Esikhathini esedlule, izinyoni zazihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule zase-Eurasia nase-Afrika. Eningizimu yeRussia, izinyoni zazibhekwa njenge- "game princess". Ukunyamalala yonke indawo namuhla bustard - eNcwadini Ebomvu.
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni enkulu edabuka kuma-cranes oda. Igama lesibili ngu-dudak. Incazelo yamaProto-Slavic yegama elithi bustard ilele ekuhlanganisweni kwe "run fast" kanye "bird". Ukucaciswa kwe-bustard ukubaleka, hhayi ukundiza engozini, sekugxile ezwini.
I-bustard ejwayelekile
Ngokwakhiwa kwayo okukhulu, le nyoni ifana neTurkey. Isifuba esandisiwe, intamo ejiyile. Ubukhulu beBustard kuyakhanga. Abesilisa baba nesisindo cishe esingu-19 kg, isisindo sabesifazane siyingxenye yalokho. Ubude babantu abakhulu bungu-0.8 - 1 m. Akunzima ukubona i-bustard ngamaphiko ayo abanzi, umsila omude onomumo oyindilinga ekugcineni. Umhlobiso omise okwe fan ngohlobo olucwebezelayo lwemishini ye-bustard emzimbeni, eveza umsila omhlophe. Lapho inyoni ivula izimpiko zayo, ubude bayo bungu-210-260 cm.
Izitho eziqinile ze-bustard azinazimpaphe, zimbozwe ngezikali ezimpunga. Imilenze ifanelwe kahle ukunyakaza komhlaba, ukugijima okusheshayo. Kuzidladla, izinzwane ezi-3. I-bustard iyakwazi ukuhamba kahle, kepha ikhetha impilo yasemhlabeni. Kusuka ngomzamo, kepha bese kuthatha isivinini. AT incazelo ye-bustard ungangeza ukuthi endizeni welula intamo, acoshe imilenze yakhe. Izazi zezinyoni zicabanga ukuthi iyinyoni enkulu ezindizayo phakathi kwezihlobo ezinezimpaphe.
Izimpaphe ze-motley zifaka izithunzi ezinsundu, ezimpunga, ezimhlophe, ezimnyama. Uma ukude ngemuva kwezimpaphe ezibomvu klebhu kubonakala iphethini emnyama emnyama. Izimpaphe ezilula entanyeni nasekhanda. Isisu, isifuba, isethembiso, ngaphansi kwamaphiko kumhlophe. Amehlo ane-iris emnyama, uqhwaku olunomlotha.
I-Bustard indiza
Ngentwasahlobo, kuvela "amakhola" e-chestnut ezimpapheni zabesilisa, kuvela izigaxa zezimpaphe ezinzima, ziqondiswe emuva futhi kude nesisekelo somlomo. Umhlobiso uhlala kuze kuphele ihlobo, ushiya i-molt yasekwindla.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, le nyoni yayibhekwa njengezinto zokuzingela ezivamile. Emithonjeni yezincwadi, izinkumbulo zazivame ukuchaza yonke imihlambi yama-bustard, ayehlangana njalo emigwaqweni. Izinkulungwane zezinyoni zagcwala ezigodini ngaphambi kokuhamba kwazo ekwindla. I-bustard isiphenduke isithunzi, ibonakala engutsheni yezikhali zedolobha laseLgov, efulethini lesifunda saseNgilandi. Le nyoni njengamanje iyisilwane esisengozini yokuqothuka endle. Izizathu zokwehla kwabantu zilele ekuzingeleni okungalawuleki, ekushintsheni izindawo, nasekukhuphukeni kwemishini yezolimo.
Phakathi kwezitha zemvelo, eziyingozi kakhulu izilwane ezidla umhlaba - izimpungushe, izimpisi, izinja eziphambukayo. Izinsikazi ezincane zihlaselwa yizinkozi zezintaba, izinkozi zegolide, izinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe. Amagundane, ama-rook, namagwababa ahlanganyela ekuchitheni izidleke ze-bustard. Izinyoni ezihlakaniphile zizungeza okokusebenza kwasendle, nokwethusa amazinyane ezidlekeni zazo, kushiye amaqanda kwizidlakudla ezinamaphiko.
Ukufika kwe-bustard
Ukucula uBustard izwakala kahle ngesikhathi samanje. Ngezinye izikhathi, uyathula. Abesilisa bakhipha imisindo ekhalayo ezwakala eduze. Abesifazane bamemeza kabuhlungu lapho bebiza amaphuphu. Kuzidleke, ungezwa ama-trill amafushane ezilwane ezikhulayo.
Lalela izwi le-bustard
Izinhlobo
Ama-bustard amakhulu ahlala emazwenikazi ahlukene, ahlukile ngosayizi, umbala, izici zokudla. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezingama-26 ezigabeni eziyi-11.
Phakathi kwabamele abavelele bezinyoni ezinkulu:
UBustard Corey
- U-bustard Corey - isakhamuzi samathafa ase-Afrika, ama-semi-desert angamahlane. Izimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga. Bahlala impilo yokuhlala phansi, bahambe kancane. Inyoni enkulu endizayo enkulu e-Afrika. Abesilisa besisindo esifinyelela ku-120 kg. Bahlala ngamaqembu abantu aba-5-7;
- Umuntu waseNdiya - uhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, izinkambu, amathafa angcolile. Ukuphakama kwale nyoni kungafika kumitha eli-1, isisindo salowo muntu singu-18 kg. Uhamba ngokubabazekayo, zonke izinyathelo aziphuthumi, uyaqaphela. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho cishe kwaba yisizathu sokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwezinyoni. Bangaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni.
Umuntu waseNdiya
Ama-bustard amancane ajwayelekile e-Afrika. Ukuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekile ngubani igama lenyoni encane kunazo zonke ze-bustard, kunzima. Bonke abantu bezinhlobo ezi-5 ezinesisindo esimaphakathi banesisindo esingu-1-2 kg. Ama-bustard amancane adumile yilawa:
Isigaxa somphimbo omnyama
- omnyama umphimbo - inyoni enkulu enombala wezimpaphe ezingahambelani. I-shades ebomvu-grey ishintsha ubukhulu be-pigmentation. Ubude bezinyoni bungamasentimitha angama-50-60. Zihlala ezingwadule ezomile ezinamadwala anezimila ezincane zemithi;
- senegalese - abantu abanombala obomvu ngokubomvu ngephethini ye-streaky. Owesilisa uhlukaniswa nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wezimpaphe ezisemphinjeni. Isisindo esimaphakathi somuntu ngamunye ngu-1.5 kg. Izakhamizi zezindawo ezingama-savanna ase-Afrika.
Umgadli waseSenegal
Endaweni yaseRussia, isikhala sangemva kweSoviet, kunezinhlobo ezi-3 zama-bustard:
UBustard Jack noma ubuhle
- ujack (ubuhle be-bustard). Ukucaca kwezinyoni ezisezingeni eliphakathi kusekugijimeni kwe-zigzag. Ukunakwa kudonswa emehlweni amakhulu ngothingo olukhanyayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bahlala ezimweni ezixakile, baphakamisa isibambo, ukhololo omnyama nomhlophe entanyeni, umsila;
- Bustard - ubukhulu benyoni enenkukhu noma i-grouse emnyama. Umbala obomvu onemigqa emnyama. Entanyeni, ukhololo wemigqa emnyama nokumhlophe umhlobiso omkhulu wezinyoni. Leli gama likhombisa imisindo eyenziwe ngamaphiko lapho indiza. Ukusuka komsindo, ukuphephetha emoyeni, ukuthuthumela, ukunyakaza okungalingani;
- i-bustard ejwayelekile - inyoni inkulu kakhulu, inesisindo esifinyelela ku-16 kg. Uhlala ezifundeni ezisemaqeleni. Intamo ejiyile, imilenze eqinile, izimpaphe ezimhlophe ngokubomvu ezinemigqa emnyama ngombala.
Owesilisa omncane uBustard wenza umdanso wokukhwelana
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
AmaBustard ayasebenza emini. Ekuseni nakusihlwa bamatasa bazingela ukudla; bachitha amahora ashisayo ngaphansi kotshani obude emthunzini. Esimweni sezulu esipholile, aziphumuli, zihamba kancane ngokuqapha, zikhafula kancane otshanini, futhi zivame ukuma. Uma kunengozi, zicasha ezihlahleni zotshani noma zindiza ngokushesha.
Inyoni ihlale ibalekela umoya, indiza iqonde ngqo. Ukuhamba kwama-bustard amaningana kuphazamisekile, akubanga izibalo zomoya. Izinkundla zamaphiko amhlophe, izimpaphe zokundiza ezimnyama zibonakala kahle ngezansi. Izinyoni zigonona emihlambini emincane engabulili obubodwa, kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala zodwa. Ngezikhathi ezibandayo, bahlangana emhlanjini omkhulu wabantu abafinyelela kwikhulu.
Abadla izinyosi base-Arabia
Imindeni yamaBustard kaningi bahola impilo yokuhlala phansi; ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kuhlala izinyoni ezifudukayo, zishiya ubusika ngasekupheleni kokwindla. Ama-bustard amakhulu ahlala entshonalanga yeSiberia, engxenyeni esempumalanga kusukela oLwandle iCaspian kuya e-Urals. Ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwendawo kuyisibonakaliso sokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezinhlobo. Le nyoni itholakala ezindaweni ezenziwe ngabantu. Izinyoni zikhetha izintaba ezinotshani obude, izindawo ezivulekile ezinamagquma ezingenayo imihosha.
Lapho, lapho kuhlala khona i-bustard, azikho izindawo eziphansi ezinamanzi amaningi, izindawo ezinosawoti emathafeni.UBustard uyinyoni abahlala ezindaweni ezisuliwe ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho. Kuya ngendawo yokuhlala ukuthi ngabe ama-bustard azoshiya izindawo zawo zokwakha izidleke. Isidingo sokufuduka asihlotshaniswa kangako nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa njengokuqina kweqhwa. Ukuntuleka kwefulawa yisona sizathu esikhulu sokuthuthela emakhulwini amakhilomitha ezindaweni ezineqhwa elincane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwe-bustard kufaka phakathi izitshalo, ukudla kwezilwane. Isilinganiso sokuphakelayo sincike ezintweni eziningi:
- izindawo zokuhlala;
- ubulili;
- ubudala;
- isisekelo sokuphakelayo.
Ukudla kwezitshalo kufaka amakhambi, amaqabunga, izimbali, imbewu yezitshalo. Izinyoni zikhangwa ama-dandelions, i-tansy evamile, i-skerda, i-goatling, ingadi ihlwanyela inkunzimalanga, i-clover, uphizi nezitshalo ze-plantain. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukudla kufaka ama-rhizomes anyanisi, utshani bukakolweni obukhasayo. Ngokushoda kokudla, ama-bustard adla amahlumela ngesakhiwo esinemicu, ngokwesibonelo, amaqabunga e-beet, okugcina ngokuholela ekugayeni okuqhubekayo kwezinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi kube sekufeni.
Owesifazane uBustard ufuna ukudla
Ekubunjweni kokudla kwezilwane, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izibungu zazo. Okhilikithi, izintethe, izinkumbi, amabhere, amabhungane, kufaka phakathi amabhungane aseColorado, aba yisisulu sabashokobezi. Izikelemu, iminenke, amaxoxo, izibankwa, namagundane omchamo angena ekudleni. Kwesinye isikhathi inyamazane iyizidleke zama-lark ezidleke phansi.
AmaBustard awawumbi umhlabathi, njengama-cranes, awavusi utshani ngemilenze nangomlomo. Izinyoni zikhonkotha ukudla ebusweni bomhlaba, zibamba imfuyo ngokugxuma okusheshayo, zibambe ngomlomo wazo, ziyinyakazise, zishaye phansi ngaphambi kokugwinya inyamazane. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-bustard agwinya amatshe amancane ukwenza ngcono ukugaya. Bagaya okuqukethwe yisisu njengamatshe okusila. Amanzi ayingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwezinyoni. AmaBustard andizela emizimbeni yamanzi, ebusika adla iqhwa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ezindaweni zezinyoni ezifukamela zihlangana ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lapho umhlabathi womile, ama-bustard abuthana ezindaweni ezivulekile zemikhosi yomshado. Ama-bustard amakhulu awenzi ngababili abahlala njalo, kunabesifazane abaningi emaqenjini, ngakho-ke kuma "harems" abesilisa kukhona abalingani abangama-2-3, nabo abahlukile ngokungaguquguquki kokuzikhethela.
Imidlalo yokukhwelana yeBustard
Ukukhwelana kuqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Abesilisa bakhombisa imikhosi yokukhwelana kaningi ekuseni kakhulu. Ngayinye inendawo yayo, ikhombisa izimpiko zayo, isakaza izimpaphe ezimhlophe. Umsila womlandeli uphonswa ngemuva. Izimpaphe zekhola kanye "namadevu" ziphakanyiswa ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhwama somphimbo sivuvukalela ku-goiter.Ikhanda lidonswe emahlombe. Ngalesi sikhathi bustard esithombeni ibhola elingenasici emilenzeni.
Ngakho-ke iyanyathela, ijikeleza amasekhondi ayi-10-15, ikhipha umoya, umsindo ophansi ozwakala eduze. Ngemuva kwalokho ibuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni. Ukuphindaphinda izikhathi eziningana ngomzuzu kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka endaweni entsha. Akukho mncintiswano oshubile ngaphambi kwezimpi. Ukuboniswa okucacile kwabesilisa kudonsela abesifazane.
Izinyoni zizalela amaqanda esidlekeni, leso sifazane esakha khona kanye emhlabathini. Ukucindezeleka okumise okweyindilinga kuqala kwakhiwa izidladla, bese kuba ukunyakaza okujikelezayo komzimba. Akukho okulala ngaphakathi.
Inkukhu ejwayelekile ye-bustard
Esidlekeni kunamaqanda ayi-1-2 ombala oluhlaza-ophuzi, kwesinye isikhathi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anephethini eyinkimbinkimbi, negobolondo elicwebezelayo. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-28. Indoda ayibambi iqhaza ekunakekeleni inzalo. Insikazi ithule, kwesinye isikhathi idla eduze. Uma kunengozi, izama ukuphambukisa ukunaka ngokuziphatha kwenyoni elimele. Amachwane aqhamuka ngokushesha ashiye isidleke, kodwa ekuqaleni, aze athole amandla, asondele kunina.
Zidla amaqanda entuthwane ngokuncelisa, okulethwa ngumama kungakapheli amasonto ama-2. Lapho benenyanga eyodwa, bame ohlangothini, bakhombisa ukuzimela. Ukuxhumana nomama kugcinwa kuze kuphele isizini, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngokwemvelo, ama-bustard aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, uma engabi yizisulu zezilwane noma abantu. Abaqaphi bezinyoni kanye nabalondolozi bemvelo babambe iqhaza ekulondolozweni kwezinyoni.
