Umzimba uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu, kanti imilenze iyi-6. Lezi yizimpawu ezijwayelekile zezinambuzane. ERussia, kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-90. Inombolo iyalinganiselwa, ngoba inani lezinhlobo zezinambuzane licaciswa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, sikhuluma ngezinkulungwane ezingama-850, futhi ngokuya kwabanye - cishe izigidi eziyizi-2,5.
Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu. Abanye babamele babo babhalwe kuRed Book. ERussia, kufaka izinambuzane zama-oda ama-5.
Abamele iRed Data Book bomyalelo weHymenoptera
Ngokuhleleka kweHymenoptera kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-300 zezinambuzane. Ngamagama wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, baphakeme kunabamele amanye ama-oda. Ikakhulu, zonke izinambuzane zenhlalo, ngokwesibonelo, izinyosi, izintuthwane, zingezeHymenoptera.
Bona, njengamanye amaHymenoptera, anamabili amabili amaphiko asobala. Eyokuqala inkulu, yinde. Izimpiko zinamaseli amakhulu, abiziwe. Phakathi kwabo - kufana nolwelwesi oluncane. Ngakho-ke igama leqembu. Abamele bayo kwiRed Book eRussia yibo:
I-Acantolis inekhanda eliphuzi
Igama lohlobo lwezinhlobo kungenxa yombala wengxenye yobuso besilisa kanye nokuhlelwa kwamehlo abesifazane. Inhloko inwetshiwe ngemuva kwamehlo esikhundleni sokuncipha okujwayelekile. Umzimba wesinambuzane ubumnyama-bumnyama, uyisicaba futhi ubanzi, cishe usentimitha ubude. I-tibiae yemilenze yangaphambili ye-aacantholida enekhanda eliphuzi nsundu, kanti isisu siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Acantholida itholakala emahlathini asezintabeni zikaphayini, kukhethwa amahlathi asekhulile. Zingaqukatha nezinkuni ezilukhuni, kepha zimbalwa. Izinambuzane zisatshalaliswa ngamaqembu ahlakazekile. Amanani abo ancipha ngokuqhubekayo. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakayitholi imbangela yokuqothulwa kohlobo.
Pribaikalskaya abia
Kugcwele esifundeni saseBaikal, esingatholakali ngaphandle kwesifunda. Lesi sinambuzane futhi asivamile ngaphakathi kwemingcele yaso, sitholakala kuphela edolobhaneni laseKultuk. Ukutholwa okukodwa nakho kwaqoshwa eDaursky Reserve. Itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTransbaikalia.
I-Pribaikalskaya abia yizinambuzane ezinamafutha. Umzimba wayo uluhlaza sasibhakabhaka futhi amaphiko ayo anombala ophuzi. Inhloko ye-abia nayo iphonsa igolide. Umhlathi wakhe nodebe olungaphezulu kunombala osawolintshi.
I-Baikal abia ihlala emaqeleni, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-600 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ososayensi abakahlangani nabesilisa balezi zinhlobo, kanye nezibungu ze-abia. Izici ezithinta ukwehla okungaguquki kwenani lezinambuzane nazo azaziwa.
I-Apterogina Volzhskaya
Ngaphakathi komzimba, kufaka phakathi ingxenye yokuqala yesisu, i-rufous brownish. Ngemuva komzimba walesi sinambuzane kumnyama. Izidladla zeVolga apterogine zinsundu. Ukuphela kwesisu kumbozwe nge-vili esiliva ephuzi. IVolga ihlukaniswa neHymenoptera eningi ngokungabi khona kwalawo maphiko. Kodwa lesi sinambuzane sinotinyela.
Ungahlangana ne-apterogin emaqeleni asomile emaphethelweni weVolgograd. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, kutholakale owesifazane oyedwa kuphela. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lusengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokulima umhlaba. U-Apterogina uhlala emhlabathini. Endaweni efanayo, izibulala-zinambuzane zezolimo zilimaza lesi sinambuzane.
I-lyometopum yaseMpumalanga
Ifana nentuthwane enekhanda elincane. Njengohlobo olulodwa nayo, ichazwa eNcwadini Ebomvu ye-USSR. Kamuva, i-lyometopum yakhethelwa esigabeni esehlukile. Abamele bayo batholakala kuphela eMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia. Lapho, izintuthwane zezinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Njengezinye izintuthwane, ama-lyometopum abesilisa, abesifazane nabasebenzi. Ubude bokugcina abudluli amasentimitha angu-0,6. Abesilisa bangamamilimitha amane kukhudlwana. Abesifazane bafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-1.2.
Ama-lyometopum aseMpumalanga - izinambuzane zeRed Book yaseRussiaezihlomisa izidleke emigodini. Ngokunjalo, kunezintuthwane emahlathini ezinenqwaba yezihlahla ezindala neziqu eziwile.
UZareya Gussakovsky
Igcwele eKrasnodar Territory, etholakala kuphela endaweni eseduze ne-Armavir. Izazi zezinambuzane ezihlola izinambuzane azitholanga abesifazane bezinhlobo, kanye nezibungu zalo. Ubude bokuntwela kokusa kweGussakovsky bungaphansi kancane kwesentimitha. Umzimba umnyama, unombala wethusi.
Ukusa kuphinde kuhlukaniswe yimizila yamehlo acishe aguquke ekhakhayini. Lesi sinambuzane sinezimpondo ezime ngendlela yamaqembu. Ngamunye uqukethe izingxenye ezi-6. Izimpiko zokusa kukaGussakovsky zibomvu ngokubomvu. Umbala ujule kakhulu esisekelweni. Izici ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lufela ngaphandle azifundiswanga odokotela bezinambuzane. Izindawo zokuvikela ezindaweni zokusa azikenziwa.
Isigebenga seMagaxiella
Le yingxenye yesikhathi seNeogene. Kwakungokwesibili esikhathini seCenozoic, saphumelela ePaleogene futhi sangena enkathini yamaQuaternary. Ngokunjalo, uNeogene waphela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-2.6 edlule. Nalapho kwakukhona uMagaxiella. Ngokwezindinganiso zeNeogene, lesi sinambuzane sincane, kepha ngamazinga wanamuhla, sikhulu kakhulu. Kanye ne-ovipositor, i-magaxiella icishe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5.
Umzimba kaMagaxiella ubomvu ngokubomvu ngezansi futhi umnyama ngenhla. Izimpondo nazo zimnyama. Zinde, zinezigaba eziyi-11, ezokugcina nezesine zazo zincishisiwe. Inhloko yesinambuzane incishisiwe ngemuva kwamehlo, futhi kunendawo engunxande phambi kwazo. Iphuzi, njengamaphiko, imithambo yayo ibomvu.
I-magaxiella enkulu itholakala kuphela esifundeni sase-Ussuriysk, okungukuthi, eningizimu yePrimorye. Okutholakele akuvamile, ngoba kugawulwa amahlathi ahlabayo. Yilapho kuhlala khona uMagaxiella.
I-Pleronevra Dahl
Enye ingcwele yezilwane zaseNeogene. Ubude besinambuzane abudluli amasentimitha angu-0.8. Umzimba upendwe nge-chestnut. Isisu sabantu besifazane sivame ukubheda. Ukumfanisa - izimpondo ezinezigaba eziyi-12 lilinye. Kukhona izinhlayiya emilenzeni ye-pleoneura. Zitholakala phakathi nemilenze yangemuva. Imilenze uqobo lwayo ibomvu.
Izimpiko ze-pleoneura zinombala onsundu. Izinambuzane ziyazizulisa eziqiwini zaseCaucasus naseSelemdzhinsky. Lesi sakamuva sisesifundeni i-Amur, kanti esokuqala siseKrasnodar Territory. Isinambuzane asiveli ngaphandle kwazo. Izinsalela zihlala emahlathini asezintabeni. Ukuzisika kwabo kuyisici esiyinhloko ekwehleni kwesibalo se-Dahl's pleoneura.
Orussus yisinanakazana
Lesi yisinambuzane esiyisentimitha elilodwa nohhafu. Izibungu zayo zikhula ngokhuni, ngaphakathi kwezibungu zezinye izinambuzane - i-barbel, i-golden beetle. Ngakho-ke, i-orusus ibizwa ngokuthi i-parasitic.
Ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba we-orussus imnyama, kuthi ingxenye engemuva ibomvu. Izimpiko zesinambuzane zincane futhi zihlangene, njengalezo zejekamanzi. Imithambo iba nsundu. Lesi sinambuzane sihlukaniswa nangophawu olumhlophe ngaphezu kwamehlo.
ERussia, i-orusus enesinambuzane ihlala emaqenjini ahlakazekile emahlathini amancane aseCiscaucasia, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Inani lezinhlobo liyancipha ngenxa yokugawulwa kwendle. U-Orussus ubeka izibungu ngeziqu eziwile, ezomile.
Ukuqondisa Ussuri
Kugcwele eningizimu yePrimorye. Kwaziwa abesilisa kuphela. Zinomzimba omnyama cishe ongamamilimitha ayi-13 ubude. Phezulu kwesifuba nesisekelo sesisu sokuma kufakwa okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kuyinsimbi.
Kusukela ekhanda kuya maphakathi nomzimba, lesi sinambuzane simbozwe ngama-villi. Esiswini, ziyagoqeka zibe uphawu lukanxande. Lapha, izinwele zitshalwe kakhulu. I-villi imnyama, sengathi ibusisiwe. Izimpiko zaseMpumalanga zinombala onsundu. Inambuzane ungayibona ngamehlo akho kuphela eVladivostok namaphethelo. Kuyo yonke insimu yaseRussia, ukuma akutholakali.
Inja yeParnop inkulu
Unomzimba ohlangene onesisu esibomvu kanye nekhanda nesifuba esiluhlaza okotshani. Zibunjwe ngensimbi. Isisu salesi sinambuzane asinabukhazikhazi. Uju lwezinyosi lwamaphiko lwamabhangqa amakhulu luboniswa ngababili bangaphambili. I-hindinging ayinayo imithambo ebonakalayo.
Izibungu ze-Parnose zikhubaza iminyovu yohlobo lweBembex. Inani labo liyancipha. Ngakho-ke, inja yamabili ayivamile. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, odokotela bezinambuzane abakatholanga abantu abangaphezu koyedwa. Khonamanjalo, ngezikhathi zamaSoviet, izinhlobo zazisakazekile, zivamile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwezolimo nokukhula ngokweqile kwezindawo ezinesihlabathi ezithandwa abamele izinhlobo nakho kuthinta inani lama-parnopes.
Inyosi emhlophe
Kubukeka sengathi i-melliferous one. Ihlukanisa abantu abasha be-wax. Abesilisa abedluli ngamasentimitha ayi-1.2 ubude.Izinambuzane zeRed Book yaseRussia bahlala esifundeni saseMpumalanga Ekude emaqenjini ahlakazekile. Kukhona abantu abayisikhombisa ePrimorsky Territory. Amanye amaqembu ama-2 wezinyosi ahlala eKhabarovsk.
Izinyosi ze-Wax ziyafa ngenxa yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho. Ngokukhipha uju lwasendle, abantu babhubhisa imindeni yezinambuzane. Ngokwezibalo ezinzima, ayikho ngaphezu kwe-60 imindeni enjalo eRussia.
Inyosi yombazi
Ngokungafani ne-wax, ihola indlela yokuphila yodwa. Isinambuzane seRed Book kulula ukusibona - ubude besilwane buvame ukudlula amasentimitha ama-3. Umbazi naye uhlukile ngombala. Umzimba wenyosi umnyama, kanti amaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, asongwe ngensimbi. Lokhu kwenza umbazi abukeke njengempukane enkulu.
Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinyosi ezingababazi zibe yizinhlobo ezingama-500. Okuvamile eRussia. Abamele bayo bahlala ezihlahleni ezomile. Ngakho-ke, ukugawulwa kwehlathi kanye nemililo kunomthelela ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinhlobo. Kuze kube manje, inani elikhulu lababazi lihlala eCrimea.
Cenolide anezikhala
Isinambuzane esisodwa nesigamu esinomzimba oyisicaba futhi obanzi. Inhloko nesifuba se-cenolida kumnyama, kanti isisu sibomvu, kepha sinephethini yamalahle. Ekhanda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezimpawu ezibomvu. Imithambo esemaphikweni ezinambuzane nayo ibomvu. Kukhona amaphethini amnyama phakathi kwemithambo.
ERussia, i-cenolide ebukekayo itholakala kuphela enhlokodolobha esenyakatho naseMoscow. Lapho, lesi sinambuzane sikhetha amahlathi kaphayini. Kumele babe ngabantu abavuthiwe. Kepha nasekutholakaleni okunjalo, ama-coenolides awashadile.
Inyosi engavamile
Kuyinto engavamile ngenxa yombala wayo ongajwayelekile wezinyosi. Kuphela isifuba nomugqa omncane phakathi kwekhanda nomzimba kuphuzi. Enye inyoni enkulu inyoni imnyama nomhlophe. Umbala wokugcina ujwayelekile ngemuva kwesisu salesi sinambuzane.
Izinwele zabamele izinhlobo zezilwane nazo ziyamangalisa. Isembozo se-canon sifushane kunamanye ama-bumblebees.
Ungahlangana nenyosi enkulu enkulu yezinyoni emathafeni aseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSiberia, ingxenye emaphakathi yeRussia ne-Altai. Izindawo kufanele zihambisane. Ukulima kwama-steppes kungenye yezinto ezikhawulelayo, okungukuthi, okungathandeki kuma-bumblebees angavamile.
Inyosi yenyoni iyivelakancane
Impunga ngokuphelele. Indwayimane emnyama igijima phakathi kwamaphiko nekhanda. Ngemuva nasesiswini, izinwele ziyigolide. Inyosi enyosiwe eyivelakancane, ngoba itholakala kuphela eningizimu yePrimorye. Lapho, lesi sinambuzane sikhetha ama-glade emahlathini, ezimfundeni. Inani lezinhlobo liyancipha ngenxa yokulima komhlaba, amadlelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Inyosi enkulu yezimvu
Iqukethe indawo yesifuba efinyeziwe. Okugunyaziwe, okungukuthi, imihlathi ebhangqene ngaphezulu komlomo, ifakwe serrated kulesi sinambuzane. Umbala we-bumblebee wesikhumba semvu umnyama-nsundu-uphuzi. Umbala wegolide ubonakala ngaphambili kwe-backrest. Ibhande elimnyama phakathi kwekhanda nesisu. Ikhanda ngokwalo nalo limnyama. Umzimba wonke wenyosi unombala onsundu ngokusawolintshi.
Lesi sinambuzane sibhalwe kuRed Book laseRussia ngenxa yokudla emadlelweni nokwenza utshani utshani. Yizinto ezikhawulela ekuthuthukiseni ama-bumblebees esikhumba semvu. Bakhetha izindawo ezinezintaba. ERussia, izinambuzane zezinhlobo zitholakala ku-Urals.
Abamele iRed Data Book beqembu leLepidoptera
Sikhuluma ngezimvemvane, amabhu, amabhu. Izinwele zikhula ezimpikweni zazo. Ziyisicaba, ziklelisiwe ngaphezulu kwesinye, njengezikali. IVilli ikhula ngaphezu kwayo yonke indawo yephiko, ngisho nasemithanjeni yayo, imboza ngokuphelele isakhiwo semesh.
Abamele i-oda nabo bahlukaniswa ngethuluzi lomlomo elihlanganisiwe - i-proboscis. ILepidoptera nayo ihlanganiswe umjikelezo ogcwele wokuthuthuka - ukudlula kwazo zonke izigaba kusuka kwisibungu kuya kuvemvane.
U-Erebia Kindermann
Kuyinto evamile ku-Altai, engatholakali ngaphandle kwayo. Uvemvane lunamaphiko ansundu amnyama anephethini elibomvu ngokunsundu. Iqukethe izindawo ezinwetshiwe. Zakha isihlibhi eceleni komphetho wangaphandle wamaphiko. Kokubili ngakunye kwangemuva, isibonelo, ukumakwa okungu-5-6. Iphiko lingamasentimitha ama-3.
I-Erebia Kindermann kufanele ibhekwe emadlelweni e-alpine. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba ze-Altai, izinkomo azenziwa, akukho muthi wokubulala izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, isici somuntu asithinti ukuncipha kwenani lezimvemvane.
Umbungu kamalibhele wasendle
Igama levemvane lihlotshaniswa nokudla kwalo. Lesi sinambuzane sidla ama-mulberry. Ngaphandle kwalokho ibizwa ngokuthi yi-tutu. Lezi zinhlobo ziyafa ngenxa yokuncipha kwamahlathi asendle emvelweni. Zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi kuka-500 zemisundu yasendle zincike ezitshalweni. Konke kusengcupheni yokushabalala.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlanga ezifuywayo zezimvemvane. Zifuyelwa ngenxa yemifece - isigaba sesikhashana esiphakathi kwesibungu novemvane. Ama-cocoons asongwa ngentambo enhle kasilika. Ngemuva kokucubungula, isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwendwangu.
Kusetshenziswa neziphungumangathi ezivela emifevwini kasilika, singena kumathinikhi okwelapha, izimpushana. Lezi zenziwa e-Asia ezweni lovemvane. ERussia, umbungu kasilika utholakala endaweni efanayo lapho kukhula umalibhele khona, okungukuthi, ukusuka entshonalanga kuye eVolgograd. Empumalanga, isimo sezulu sesitshalo sinzima kakhulu.
Ama-Aeneid Elues
Ifaka ububanzi bamasentimitha angu-4. Ngaphambili zinwetshiwe kancane. Womabili lamaphiko amaphiko ansundu. Ezingxenyeni, umbala ulula. Ukumakwa kwe-Oval nakho kutholakala lapho. Zimnyama. Kunophawu olulodwa kolunye lwezimpiko zangemuva. Iphiko ngalinye langaphambili linomaka abathathu.
I-Aeneid of Elues itholakala eSayan naseAltai. Lapho, uvemvane lwakhetha izintaba ezomile nezindawo eziqandayo emahlathini ashubile. Inani le-Aeneids lehla ngezizathu zemvelo. Uhlobo olusengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
USphekodina unomsila
Uvemvane olukhulu. Iphiko lingamasentimitha angu-6.5. Lokhu kungenxa yamabhangqa angaphambili. Iphiko lesibili lamaphiko lincane izikhathi eziphindwe kabili, linombala onsundu ophuzi. Umbhangqwana wokuqala yi-lilac-chestnut. Izimpiko ezincane ze-sphecodin zinekhefu elibanzi futhi zikhonjwe ngasekupheleni komzimba wovemvane. Umzimba ngokwawo ubuye uncishiswe ekugcineni, njengotinyela.
ERussia, i-sphekodina enomsila itholakala kuphela eningizimu yePrimorye. Lapho, uvemvane luhlala lapho, ngokusuka enkumbulweni yakudala. Izinambuzane ze-Relic. Lapho nje izimo zezulu zePrimorye zivumelana ne-sphekodina. Manje isimo sezulu esifundeni asisihambanga kahle uvemvane, yingakho luphela.
UServin Montela
Uvemvane onamaphiko ayisentimitha angu-7. Kwabesilisa, iningi labo limhlophe. Zimbalwa izindawo ezinsundu. Kukhona nephethini lokumaka eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezimpikweni ezingezansi. Ngamunye unqunyelwe ngombala onsundu. Iphethini itholakala emaphethelweni angezansi amaphiko.
Kwabesifazane, iphethini ihamba kulo lonke uhlangothi lwamaphiko wesibili. Bona, njengabokuqala, bansundu ngokuphelele.
UServin Montela uthathe isifiso waya emaphethelweni omfula, ugcwele i-kirkazon esontekile. Lesi sitshalo singukudla kwamacimbi aseMontela. IKirkazon iyivelakancane. Lesi sitshalo sidinga inhlabathi enamadwala, ezungezwe umhlonyane nezihlahlana zezihlahla. Kutholakala izimvemvane eziningana kwesayithi elinjalo kumamitha ayisikwele ayinkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, awekho ama-sericin ngaphandle kwebanga.
URosama muhle kakhulu
Unamaphiko angemuva anombala obomvu ngokunsundu ngokubomvu. Isikhathi saso singamasentimitha ama-4. Kulokhu, amaphiko angaphambili asesimweni sonxantathu obanzi kanye nokuqagela kwe-scaly eceleni komphetho ongezansi. Lezi zinhlobo ziyafa ngenxa yokusha kwehlathi njalo. Esikhundleni samahlathi kusala izihlahlana zezihlahla. URoses akakuthandi lokho. Izimvemvane zezinhlobo zikhetha izimo zezemvelo.
UGolubyanka Filipieva
Kugcwele ePrimorye. Izimpiko zovemvane azivamile ukudlula amasentimitha ama-3. Izinambuzane zobulili bobabili zinethoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa-ke, izimpiko zesifazane iningi lazo nsundu. Umbala ompunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukhona kuphela ezansi kwezimpiko zangemuva. Kwabesilisa, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuphelele, anombala onsomi.
I-blueberry ihlala emahlathini axubene ezigodini nasemabhange omfula. Emachibini, izimvemvane zikhetha amatshe amancane. I-prinsepia yaseShayina ikhula kubo. Kuyisitshalo sefolishi samacimbi e-blueberry. I-Prinsepia igawulwa ngama-briquettes kaphethiloli, izinkuni zokubasa. Kanye nesitshalo, inani lezimvemvane liyancipha.
Injabulo yegloomy
Unamaphiko amasentimitha amathathu ububanzi. Ezangaphambili zinombala onsundu ngokumpunga, kanti ezingemuva zimpunga ngomlotha, ukufanisa umzimba wovemvane. Ikhanda lakhe lingamalahle. Ungahlangana neVolnyanka kuphela e-Ussuri Nature Reserve. Kunamahlathi kaphayini namabhilikosi, athandwa uvemvane, anamahlathi omjunipha oqinile. Akuvamile, ithanda imithambeka eyomile enamadwala.
U-Apollo Felder
Izimpiko zayo zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayisithupha. Ama-villi okungenani. Imithambo yamaphiko iyabonakala. Ama-tubules amnyama. Izimpiko ngokwazo zimhlophe. Kukhona ukumakwa okubomvu. Ziyindilinga. Abesilisa banamamaki ama-2, abesifazane banokuningi.
I-Apollo itholakala eSiberia Ephakathi NaseMpumalanga, ePrimorsky Territory. Izinambuzane zikhululekile ezigodini zemifula esezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ukuba khona kwe-corydalis kubalulekile - isitshalo sefolishi lesibungu.
Ukhozi lwe-Bibasis
Kubizwa nangokuthi ukhozi olunamakhanda anonile. Ikhanda elijiyile libukeka ngenxa yesembozo esiminyene sezinwele ezibomvu. Zibuye zisesifubeni. Izimpiko zovemvane zinsundu ngokufanayo. Ngasemaphethelweni aphezulu, phakathi kwemithambo, kunezikhala. Ziphuzi.
ERussia, i-bibasis itholakala kuphela eningizimu yePrimorye. Izinhlobo ziyi-hygrophilous. Ngakho-ke, izimvemvane zivame ukuhlala emhlabathini omanzi, iziqu eziwile, eduze kwamanzi. Ukuba khona kwama-kalopanax anezinhlamvu eziyisikhombisa kuyimpoqo. Lesi sitshalo sase-aralian siwukudla kwamacimbi e-bibasis. I-Kalopanax inezinkuni ezibalulekile ezibhujiswa.
I-Arkte eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Uvemvane olunamaphiko angamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Zinsundu ngephethini emnyama. Kunezimpawu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezimpikweni zangemuva. Ihlala e-arkte eSakhalin nasePrimorye. Ngaphezu kokushisa nomswakama, ubukhona bezimbabazane kubalulekile kuvemvane. Amacimbi ezinhlobo eziphila kuwo.
I-Primorye neSakhalin yizindawo zokuhlala ezisenyakatho ze-arkte. Ngaseningizimu, lolu hlobo lusakazeke kabanzi. ERussia, ngenxa yezimo zezulu, uvemvane aluvamile.
IMarshmallow pacific
Izimpiko zayo ezingamasentimitha amabili zinombala onsundu ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu, futhi zinephethini eliwolintshi ngezansi. Itholakala emaphethelweni aphansi ezimpiko zesibili. Kukhona nokuqagela okuhlanganisiwe, njengemisila.
IMarshmallows itholakala eBlue Ridge. Itholakala eningizimu yePrimorsky Krai. Eduze nommango kukhona idolobhana laseChernyshevka. Ngo-2010, izinhlobo zasePacific nazo zatholakala endaweni eseduze neVladivostok.
Alkina
Abesilisa bezinhlobo zezilwane bumnyama velvety. Izinsikazi zimhlophe mpunga ngemithambo ye-anthracite emaphikweni nasendlini emnyama ngasemkhawulweni wazo. Iphiko lingamasentimitha ayi-9. Unqenqema lwebhangqa lesibili ligoqene, linwetshiwe kusuka ngezansi. Kukhona iphethini ezinhlangothini zangemuva - inhlendla emhlophe.
Umbono ojwayelekile unesizotha. Ngakho-ke uvemvane lwaqanjwa ngegama lenkosi. Alkina okukhulunywa izinganekwane of Ancient Greece. Inkosi yasiza u-Odysseus. Isitshalo sefolishi se-alkyne yiManchurian kirakazon. Inobuthi futhi ayivamile, itholakala kuphela ePrimorye nangaphandle kweRussia - eJapan, China, Korea.
Iribhoni likaKochubei
Futhi okukhona ePrimorye. Izimpiko zovemvane zifinyelela kumasentimitha angu-4.7. Amabili angaphambili anombala onsundu onamabala amnyama namaqembu. Izindunu zangemuva zinsundu eceleni konqenqema kanye nasesiyingini esisengxenyeni emaphakathi. Esinye isikhala sinombala obomvana ngokubomvana. Ukuma kwawo wonke amaphiko ama-4 kuyindilinga.
EPrimorye, iribhoni likaKochubei lingatholakala esigodini soMfula iPartizanskaya. Kungani kungekho zimvemvane ngaphandle kwawo akucaci. Izici ezikhawulelayo eziholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinhlobo zezinto azikacwaningwa.
Abamele iRed Data Book beqembu leColeoptera
E-Coleoptera, amaphiko amabili angaphambili aminyene, aminyene, njenge-carapace futhi abizwa nge-elytra. Isiqalo "esingenhla" siyasebenza njengoba izembatho zempi zihlanganisa abancishi abangemuva abancane, abasobala.
Ngokubambisana nabo, igobolondo livikela isisu esithambile sezinambuzane. Zonke zingamabhungane, futhi zonke zinezinsimbi zomlomo eziququdayo, njengoba zidla izitshalo. Yonke i-coleoptera nayo inezimpondo. Ziyafana nemicu, amakilabhu, amakhekhe, amapuleti.
U-Aphodius unamabala amabili
Leli bhungane lesentimitha. I-elytra yayo ibomvu futhi iyacwebezela. Ngayinye inophawu olulodwa. Ziyindilinga futhi zimnyama. Inhloko ye-aphodius, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yonke imnyama. Kukhona okubomvu ngokunsundu kuphela ezinhlangothini. Isisu, imilenze nezimpondo zebhungane nazo zibomvu klebhu. Kubuye kuhlukaniswe izifunda zangaphambi kokubeletha ezigeleza ngama-engeli angakwesokudla. U-Aphodius utholakala entshonalanga yeRussia. Umngcele osempumalanga webanga yiKrasnoyarsk Territory. Abantu abaningi bahlala eduze kwaseKaliningrad nasendaweni yase-Astrakhan.
Umqambi wamapulangwe onamajubane
Ubude bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-6. Kunendawo encane ecwebezelayo ku-matt pronotum. ILuster ibonwa engxenyeni emaphakathi yegobolondo. Kukhona amazinyo eceleni komjikelezo wawo. Kukhona okungenani ayisithupha ohlangothini ngalunye.I-elytra icwebezela ngokuphelele. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlukaniswa nentshebe efana nentambo. Cishe ngama-50% amafushane kunomzimba.
Umgawuli wezinkuni uhlala emahlathini ahlabayo. Lapho, ibhungane lizondla ngokhuni olubolayo lwezihlahla zendiza, ama-lindens, ama-oki, ama-willows, ama-walnuts. Ngakho-ke, kutholakala isinambuzane eduze kwabo. Inani lezinhlobo liyancipha ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi.
Ithusi elibushelelezi
Ibhungane lingaba ngamasentimitha angu-2.6 ubude, licwazimula ngokuluhlaza okotshani, amathoni wethusi. Iphansi lomzimba wethusi yi-emerald. Imilenze nayo iluhlaza okotshani, kepha inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. UBronzovka uhlala emahlathini nasezingadini ezindala. Ubukhona bemigodi nezihlahla ezibolile kuyadingeka. Izibungu zebhungane zikhula kuzo. Ungahlangana naye esikhaleni phakathi kwesifunda saseKaliningrad neSamara. Umngcele oseningizimu wale ndawo ufinyelela eVolgograd.
Ibhungane lomhlaba u-Avinov
Ifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-2,5 ubude. IGound beetle elytra yi-green-bronze, ibhalwe ngemidwebo, inamachashaza amancane. Phakathi kwazo kunezimbumbulu ezinde. Inhloko ne-pronotum ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza.
Ibhungane lomhlabathi i-Avinova ligcwele eSakhalin. Lapho ibhungane litholakala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe nasemahlathini amafir. Okokugcina kufanele kube okuncane. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhungane omhlabathi atholakala ezihlahleni zoqalo nemisedari. Ukwehliswa kwabo yisizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sezinambuzane.
Ibhungane
Ubude bufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Lesi yisibonakaliso sabesilisa. Abesifazane abade ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-5.7. Ikhanda, i-pronotum, imilenze nesisu sezinyamazane kumnyama. I-elytra yebhungane iyi-chestnut ngombala, imboza ngokuphelele emuva. Izimpiko ezisobala zalesi sinambuzane zinombala onsundu.
Igama laleli bhungane ngenxa yokwakheka kwamandla alo, okungukuthi, imihlathi engenhla. Zihlangene, zihlangene, zifana nezimpondo ngesimo. Kwabesifazane, amandla afushane, njengabesifazane bezinyamazane zangempela. Inhloko nayo iyanwetshwa kubhungane besilisa. Amabhungane ezinyamazane ahlala emahlathini e-oki nakwamanye amahlathi ahlabayo. Ukusika nokushisa kwazo kuyisizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sezinambuzane.
Ibhungane lomhlabathi laseYankovsky
Inhloko ne-pronotum yayo ithusi-mnyama futhi icwebezela. I-Elytra matte, nsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani okubomvu. Ibhungane lomhlabathi laseYankovsky lihlala eduze naseVladivostok naseningizimu yePrimorye. Kokugcina, ukutholwa okukodwa kwenzeka. Eduze naseVladivostok, amabhungane awatholakali amashumi eminyaka ambalwa.
Ubuhle obumnandi
Kungumndeni wamabhungane aphansi. Ibhungane lingamasentimitha amathathu ubude. Ingemuva lalesi sinambuzane lihlangene futhi libanzi. I-elytra ye-beaver iluhlaza okotshani okusagolide. Ikhanda ne-pronotum kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpondo nemilenze yobuhle kumnyama.
Ibhungane elinuka kahle libizwa ngephunga lalo elibi. Kuvela emfihlakalweni efihliwe yizindlala ezikhethekile. Iphunga livela kubhungane ngezikhathi eziyingozi, lisabisa abantu abangabafuni.
Ngokungafani namabhungane amaningi, ibhungane liyisilwane esidla ezinye. Idla izibungu zesilika. Ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo salo, nenombolo yobuhle nayo iyancipha. Ngokwengeziwe, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuthinta uhlobo lwazo. Kukuzo lapho kuhlala khona amabhungane anuka kamnandi.
Ibhungane lomhlabathi
Umzimba wakhe mncane, uvulekile. I-elytra icishe ibe mnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ibe nsomi, ngemifantu. Inhloko ne-pronotum yebhungane lomhlabathi ziyithoni yethusi. Zonke izitho zomzimba zinde ngokwedlula ubude.
Endaweni yaseRussia, ibhungane lomhlabathi elishwabene litholakala kuphela eningizimu ye-Kuril Islands. Lapho, amabhungane akhethe amahlathi oqalo nezihlahla. Ukuzisika kwabo kuthinta inani lezinambuzane.
Ibhungane leqabunga lama-Uryankhai
Ifinyelela cishe kumasentimitha ayi-8 ubude. Uhlaka jikelele lwalo bhungane luyindilinga. Isimemezelo sincishisiwe. Kubukeka sengathi ikhanda lisondele eduze kwesisu. Luhlaza sasibhakabhaka, njengekhanda lesinambuzane. I-elytra inombala oluhlaza okotshani, ihlotshiswe ngemigqa yamachashazi amancane, amnyama.
I-beetle yamaqabunga ihlala emaqeleni amile wezindawo eziphezulu ze-Yenisei, ikakhulukazi, eTuva. Lapho, ibhungane lifuna izihlahla zomhlonyane nezihlahla, imifino edla kuwo. Inani lamabhungane amaqabunga liyancipha ngenxa yemisebenzi yokubacindezela ku-Yenisei. Isimo sezulu ngasogwini lwaso saba umswakama ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu akuhambelani nezinambuzane.
Ibhungane lomhlaba uMiroshnikov
Ubude bufinyelela kumasentimitha ama-4, nsomi ngokuphelele. Izwi eliphansi limnyama. Kwabesilisa, umbala ucwebezela njenge-varnish. Abesifazane bacishe babe buthuntu. Ibhungane lomhlaba uMiroshnikova uhlala emagqumeni eCaucasus. Baqondiswe kahle ngabantu. Umsebenzi wayo wezomnotho uphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwezinambuzane ezivamile.
IHermit kude empumalanga
Leli bhungane elingamasentimitha amathathu lizobonakala licwecwe ngaphezulu. Isidumbu lesi sidwetshwe ngamathoni amnyama nansundu. Ukubukeka okubuhlungu nokuphila wedwa kuyizizathu zegama lesinambuzane. Amakhava ayo acwebezela kancane.
Isizumbulu sibizwa ngokuthi yi-Far Eastern, ngoba sitholakala eBuryatia nasempumalanga ye-republic - ezifundeni zaseChita nase-Amur. Lapho izinambuzane zifuna iziphunzi ezibolile, iziqu ezibolile. Ngakho-ke, amabhungane adinga amahlathi amadala e-coniferous. Ukuzisika kwabo futhi kunciphisa inani lezinhlobo.
Indlovu enamaphiko acijile
Inokuma okusaqanda okukude. Amanye amabhungane akhula aze afike kumasentimitha ayisithupha. Umzimba omnyama ugcwele kakhulu izikali eziluhlaza. Ngokwengeziwe, i-villi ephumayo ikhula ku-elytra. Amachashazi amancane avela ngaphambili emuva. Zihlakazekile ngokuxokozela.
Kwabesilisa bezinhlobo, i-tibia yetarsus yangaphambili igobile futhi i-elytra incishisiwe. Zinezikhukhula ezibukhali ekugcineni kwazo. Indlovu itholakala eRyazan, esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Kukhona amabhungane abheka uhlobo olulodwa lomhlonyane, abondla ngalo.
Ibhungane lomhlabathi likaRiedel
Kuyibhungane elingamasentimitha amabili ngombala oluhlaza okwesimaragidu. Ngiyabona esithombeni. Izinambuzane zeRed Book yaseRussia ihlukaniswa ngamamajini wesilinganiso sesiyingi afanayo. Iyanqamula, yize okwakheke njengenhliziyo kuyisici samabhungane amaningi omhlabathi.
Ibhungane lomhlabathi iRiedel lihlala eCentral Caucasus, endaweni esezintabeni. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwebhungane kungamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle. Leli lungiselelo lenza kube nzima ukutadisha lolu hlobo. Imininingwane yokwehla kwenombolo yayo ayiqondile.
UStephanocleonus unamabala amane
Ungowomndeni wezinsumansumane. Amakhanda abo asesimweni samashubhu, anokuma kwe-keel. Ngokuhambisana nayo, ubude bomzimba wesinambuzane ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5. Kunemigqa emi-2 emhlophe eceleni kwerosta lebhungane. Umzimba wesinambuzane osele unsundu. I-elytra ihlotshiswe ngamabala amnyama ambalwa.
Ziseduze nonxantathu esimweni. UStephanokleonus utholakala ezindaweni eziphansi zeVolga. Amabhungane ayathanda ukutshalwa kwamabhungane. Lapho zingekho, kukhethwa ama-steppes owomile.
I-barbel yasezulwini
Igama libangelwa amadevu amade nethoni ye-azure yomzimba. Kunezimpawu ezimnyama ngaphezulu kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala uyefana kuwo wonke umzimba we-barbel. Izinhlangothi ze-elytra yayo ziqondile, ziyafana. Umzimba webhungane unabile, uvalwe ngesimo unxande olude.
Ungabona i-barbel ePrimorye, emahlathini ahlabayo. Ukuba khona kwezitendi ze-maple ezomile kubalulekile. Izibungu zeLonghorn zihlala ezinkuni zayo.
I-Nutcracker kaParreis
Isimemezelo sayo sinamabala amnyama ama-2. Bayindilinga, njengamehlo. Omunye umbala webhungane u-brown-beige. Amabala ombala afaka kufomethi engabonakali. Ubude bokuchofoza abudluli amasentimitha angu-3.7. Ungahlangana nebhungane ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Ngakho-ke, isinambuzane sohlobo olushisayo sincane eRussia.
Abamele iRed Data Book beqembu lejekamanzi
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezindizayo, ojekamanzi yibo abashesha kakhulu. Amakhilomitha ayikhulu ngehora - weqa ibanga elifushane. Ngesikhathi sendiza ende, ojekamanzi bahlanganisa amakhilomitha angama-50-70 ngehora.
Kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu zezinhlobo zojekamanzi emhlabeni. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-170 eRussia. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo sezulu esibi ezweni. Ojekamanzi bathanda izindawo ezishisayo. Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela olusengozini yokuqothuka eRussia.
Patrol umbusi
Ngeyabojekamanzi abakhulu kunabo bonke eRussia. Ubude bephiko ngalinye lesinambuzane lingamasentimitha ama-5. Umzimba uvulwe ngamasentimitha ayi-10-12. Abesifazane bayehluka kwabesilisa ngombala wesisu. Kwabesilisa, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti kwabesifazane, luhlaza okotshani.
Imilenze emide yokuqapha imbozwe ameva. Ngosizo lwabo, isinambuzane esidlayo sibamba inyamazane, isibonelo, ama-midge. ERussia, umqaphi utholakala entshonalanga, engandizeli enyakatho neMoscow. Isibalo esikhulu sabantu saqoshwa ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama.
Abamele iNcwadi Ebomvu yethimba le-Orthoptera
Kuzo zonke izibungu ze-Orthoptera nymph, okungukuthi, ziyefana nabantu abadala, zinamehlo ahlanganisiwe. Ukwakheka kwezinsimbi zomlomo kuzibungu ze-Orthoptera nakho kuphelele. Ngakho-ke, izinambuzane ze-oda azihambi ngomjikelezo wenguquko ephelele. Zonke i-Orthoptera igxuma. Ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngezintethe, amakhilikithi, ifilly. Isibalo sabanye babo sibucayi. ERussia zisengozini:
USteppe Tolstun
Ubumbene, ubumbene, akanazimpiko. Umbala wendoda ekhuluphele yamathafa unombala onsundu. Ubude bomzimba wesinambuzane bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-8. Lokhu kuvamile kwabesilisa. Abesifazane kuyaqabukela bekhula ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayisithupha.
Amatshe okuncisha amaphiko abo asengozini lapho belima umhlaba, bedlisa imfuyo, benza utshani futhi befaka imishanguzo yokubulala izinambuzane emasimini. Ngasikhathi sinye, izintethe zezinhlobo zihlala kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele entshonalanga yeRussia. Kulowo nalowo kubo, abantu abakhuluphele babhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Isiteji sezintaba
Ubude bufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-8. Abekho abesilisa. Isinambuzane sizala ingxenye ethile yezakhi zofuzo. Umuntu omusha uvela kuseli lomama ngaphandle kokukhulelwa. I-steppe ponytail inomzimba ovulekile, ibunzi elixegayo, amathanga acinene futhi ajiyile emilenzeni yangemuva. Umbala walesi sinambuzane uphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani.
Ungahlangana ne-rack emathafeni angatshalwanga ezifundeni zaseVoronezh, Samara, Kursk naseLipetsk. E-Rostov nase-Astrakhan, isinambuzane naso siyenzeka, sikhetha izindawo ezingavunyelwe. Kufanele kubuswe okusanhlamvu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi okusha amagama ezinambuzane eNcwadini Ebomvu yaseRussia... Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 bagxile kumitha elilodwa lesikwele lomhlabathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubuka komuntu ojwayelekile kubamba kuphela amashumi amabili, noma ngisho nangaphansi. Iphuzu likusayizi omncane wezinambuzane eziningi, indlela yazo yokuphila eyimfihlo, ngokwesibonelo, ekujuleni, ezintabeni.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ososayensi abavumelani ngokuthi zingaki izinhlobo zezinambuzane emhlabeni, eRussia. Ukubuka okungajwayelekile, kunzima kakhulu ukukuvula. Kuze kube manje, kunento eyodwa ecacile - izinambuzane yizigaba eziningi kakhulu zezinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni.
