Ama-Kingfishers izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezimele uhlobo lwegama elifanayo emndenini omkhulu wamakhosi. Lezi zinyoni zincane ngosayizi, zikhudlwana kancane kunondlunkulu noma inkanyezi. Abesifazane balesi sizwe bavame ukuba bancane kunabesilisa, kanti imibala yengubo nezinye izici azifani neze nazo, ezibonakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomndeni.
Bobabili abesilisa banekhanda elihlanzekile; umlomo wabo mncane, ubukhali, i-tetrahedral ekugcineni; umsila awude, okuyivelakancane kubazalwane abanamaphiko. Kodwa izimpaphe ezinhle, ezinhle zihlobisa ukubukeka kwazo, okwenza izidalwa ezinjalo zikhumbuleke kakhulu futhi zigqame kwabanye abamele umbuso wezinyoni.
Ukugqama kwemibala yengubo yabo kungumphumela wesakhiwo esikhethekile sophaphe. Ikhava yomzimba engenhla injobe evamile okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okucwebezelayo, okushaya umxhwele ngokuhlangana okuhlukahlukene nokumangazayo kwemibala yobubanzi obukhonjisiwe ngokufakwa kwezindawo ezinensimbi yensimbi, nangemuva kwekhanda namaphiko anezikhala ezincane ezikhanyayo.
Umkhosi ofanayo wombala wenziwa ngokudlala kwemisebe ebonakalisiwe yohlu oluthile olubonakalayo. Futhi imibala ewolintshi yesifuba nesisu ikhiqiza izingxenye zezingulube ezikhethekile zebhayoloji eziqukethwe ezimpapheni zalezi zinyoni.
Kepha ukuguquguquka kombala kingfisher isithombe idluliselwe kangcono kunamazwi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ekudlaleni imibala nemibala yazo zenza le nyoni ifane nopholi, nayo edume ngemibala yayo enezimpaphe ezicebile. Kepha abamele abachazwe ngofuzo bezilwane ezinezimpaphe bafana kakhulu nama-hoopoes.
Ngempela, imibala enjalo ekhanyayo etholakala emaphapheni e-kingfisher ilungele kakhulu izinyoni zezindawo ezishisayo nezindawo ezifanayo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele. Futhi lokhu ikakhulukazi kuhambelana nesimo samanje sezinto, ngoba izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjalo zihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu eziseningizimu ye-Asia kanye nasemazweni ase-Afrika, zitholakala ezwenikazi lase-Australia naseNew Guinea.
Kodwa-ke, le nyoni exotic ivame ukubamba iso lomuntu nasezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zase-Europe. Kutholakala naseRussia emaqeleni amakhulu aseSiberia naseCrimea. Le nyoni ephawulekayo ingabonakala kahle e-Ukraine, ngokwesibonelo, eZaporozhye, naseBelarus naseKazakhstan.
Izinhlobo
Izazi zezinyoni zehlukene phakathi ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinyoni ezinjalo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi bangu-17 babo, abanye - okuncane kakhulu. Futhi ababhali bemisebenzi yesayensi echaza lezi zinyoni kwesinye isikhathi bahlukaniswe ngokuqinile emibonweni futhi abakafiki embonweni ofanayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngokwezivumelwano zomhlaba wonke, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaba yisikhombisa, ezinhlanu zazo ezizochazwa lapha.
- I-kingfisher eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ejwayelekile. Lo mmeleli we-genus kingfisher sekuvele kushiwo kule ndatshana echaza ukuvela kwalezi zinyoni. Uhlobo olufanayo luhlala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Afrika naseziqhingini eziningi zasePacific, kepha lubuye lusakazeke eYurophu, futhi nasezifundeni zalo ezisenyakatho, ngokwesibonelo, lutholakala endaweni eseduze neSt. Petersburg naseningizimu yeScandinavia.
Izinhlobo ezicacisiwe zihlukaniswe zaba yizinhlobo eziyisi-6 ezingaphansi. Phakathi kwamalungu abo umuntu angabona bobabili abadobi bezinhlanzi abadla izindwani nalabo abaphila impilo yokuzihlalela. Izwi le-Kingfisher kubonwa yindlebe njengokukhala okungatheni.
- I-kingfisher enemigqa. Lawa malungu ohlobo lwe-kingfisher makhulu ngosayizi omncane ukwedlula abamele izinhlobo ezisanda kuchazwa. Ubude bomzimba walezi zinyoni bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-17. Futhi bahlala ikakhulukazi kubukhulu bezwekazi lase-Asia ezindaweni zalo eziseningizimu ezishisayo.
Izici ezihlukile zalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zifaka umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlobisa amabele wesilisa. Banomlomo omnyama, kepha engxenyeni yesifazane ugqama ngokubomvu kusuka ngezansi.
Okuphezulu kwezimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okumnyama, kanti isifuba nesisu kungaba umbala osawolintshi okhanyayo noma omhlophe nje. Izinhlobonhlobo, ngokuya ngemininingwane eminingi, zifaka ama-subspecies amabili.
- Ama-kingfisher amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Igama ngokwalo likhuluma ngosayizi wabamele lolu hlobo. Ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-22. Ngaphandle, izinyoni ezinjalo ngezindlela eziningi zifana nabadobi abajwayelekile. Kodwa lezi zinyoni zikhulu kakhulu ngosayizi.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala e-Asia, ngokunembile - ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeChina naseHimalaya. Uqhwaku lwalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko lumnyama, izimpaphe zekhanda namaphiko zinohlu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwemibala ethile, ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ibomvu, umphimbo umhlophe.
- I-turquoise kingfisher ihlala ehlathini lase-Afrika. Ingaphezulu lekhava lezimpaphe limakwe ngesikali esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, phansi kubomvu, umphimbo umhlophe. Kepha, empeleni, abameleli bezinhlobo abanawo umehluko obalulekile ekubukekeni nasembaleni kozakwabo. Izinhlobonhlobo zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngama-subspecies amabili.
- I-kingfisher enama-blue. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezingaphansi. Abamele babo bahlala e-Asia. Isici esivelele sezidalwa ezinjalo umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaphethelweni endlebe.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinyoni ziqinile futhi zikhetha ngokukhetha indawo yokuhlala. Bahlala eduze nemifula ngokugeleza okusheshayo namanzi acwebezelayo. Lokhu kukhetha kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlala ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, ezinye izingxenye zemifula egeleza ngokushesha enamanzi agelezayo zivame ukungambozwa yiqhwa noma ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu, lapho kuneqhwa nxazonke futhi kubusa amakhaza. Lapha, ama-kingfisher anethuba lokusinda ebusika, enikezwa ngokwanele izindawo zokuzingela nokondla. Futhi imenyu yabo yansuku zonke ifaka ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi nezinye izidalwa eziphakathi emanzini.
Kepha inqwaba yabadobi benkosi eseyizimpande ezindaweni ezifudumele isaba yizifuduko. Futhi lapho kuqala ubusika, bathuthela ezindaweni ezinezimo ezinhle ngokwengeziwe, ezisezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika.
Ama-Burrows asebenza njengezindlu zamakhosazana. Bona, njengomthetho, bagubha izinyoni ngokwabo ezindaweni ezinokuthula, kude nezimpawu zempucuko. Kodwa-ke, lezi zidalwa azizithandi kakhulu izindawo, ngisho nezihlobo. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlala kwalezi zinyoni kwakuyisizathu segama labo.
Bachitha izinsuku zabo emhlabathini, bazalwe futhi bachamisele isizukulwane esisha samachwane lapho, okungukuthi, bayizikhwama. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi igama lesidlaliso elivele likhonjisiwe bake banikwa lona, kuphela ngesikhathi lapho lahlanekezelwa khona.
Vele, konke lokhu kuyaphikiswa. Ngakho-ke, kuneminye imibono: kungani imbongi ibizwa kangaka... Uma uphatha inyoni ezandleni zakho, ungakuzwa ukubanda kwayo, ngoba ihlala izungeza amadamu futhi isemhlabathini. Ngenxa yalokhu, abadobi benkosi babhapathizwa labo abazalwa ebusika.
Ayikho enye incazelo etholakele ngalokhu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekwakhiweni kwemigodi, noma kunalokho ngokulahla ama-clod omhlaba, ama-kingfisher alusizo olukhulu ngemisila yawo emifushane. Badlala indima yohlobo oluthile lwama-bulldozers.
Ezimweni zemvelo, izinyoni ezichazwe azinazo izitha ezisebenza ngokukhethekile. Izilwane ezisencane kuphela ezivame ukuhlaselwa izinyoni ezidla inyama: oklebe nokhokho. Abazingeli abanemilenze emibili nabo abanandaba kangako nalezi zinyoni.
Kuyiqiniso, ukuthi ingubo ekhanyayo yezinyoni ezinjalo yenza abalandeli bezinye izizwe kwamanye amazwe bafune ukwenza izilwane ezifakiwe ngazo, zihlobise izindlu zabantu futhi zithengiswe njengezikhumbuzo. Imikhiqizo enjalo iyathandwa, ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane. Kukholakala ukuthi isicilikisi esigxishiwe singaletha ukuchuma nengcebo ekhaya lomnikazi waso.
Kodwa-ke, amaFrance namaNtaliyane awanonya kangako. Zikhetha ukugcina izithombe zalezi zinyoni emizini yazo, zizibiza ngokuthi ipharadesi.
Laba bameleli bezilwane ezinamaphiko banezitha ezimbalwa, kepha inani labadobi benkosi emhlabeni lisalokhu lincipha unyaka nonyaka. Ziminyene yimpucuko yabantu, umsebenzi wezomnotho wesintu, ukunganaki kwawo nokungafuni ukugcina ukubukeka okuyimvelo kwemvelo okuzungezile.
Futhi lezi zinyoni, ngaphezu kwezinye eziningi, zizwela ngokweqile ekuhlanzekeni kwendawo ezungezile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukuthola ukudla kwabo kingfisher kukhombisa kwalasha wokubekezela. Ngenkathi ezingela, uphoqeleka ukuba ahlale amahora amaningi esihlangeni somhlanga noma egatsheni lesihlahla esigobeke phezu komfula, ebheka ukuthi isilwane singavela kanjani. "I-Fisher King" - yile ndlela lezi zinyoni ezibizwa ngayo emazweni aseBrithani. Futhi lesi yisidlaliso esifanelekile.
Imigodi yalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko kulula kakhulu ukuyihlukanisa nezindawo zokukhosela ezifanayo zabanye abazalwane abanamaphiko, izinkonjane nezinswiza, ngephunga le-fetid eliphuma endlini. Akumangalisi ukuthi abazali be-kingfisher bavame ukukhulisa amawundlu abo ekudleni kwezinhlanzi. Futhi izinsalela zokudla okudla uhhafu namathambo enhlanzi azisuswa yinoma ngubani, ngakho-ke zibola ngokweqile futhi zinuke isinengiso.
Ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kuqukethe izinhlanzi ezincane. Kungaba yi-sculpin goby noma emfushane. Okungajwayelekile, zondla izimfanzi zamanzi angenasawoti nezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Amaxoxo, kanye nojekamanzi, ezinye izinambuzane nezibungu zabo bangaba yisisulu sabo.
Usuku lonke, ukuze ihlale igcwele, umdobi kufanele abambe izinhlanzi ezincane eziyishumi nambili noma eziyishumi nambili. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zidlula izisulu zazo ngesikhathi sezindiza, zicwila emanzini. Ukuzingela, idivaysi eyingqayizivele yomlomo wabo obukhali ilusizo kakhulu kubo.
Kepha ingxenye enzima kakhulu, futhi eyingozi yokuzingela i-kingfisher akusilandeleli isilwane futhi asisihlaseli, kepha sisuka futhi sisuke ebusweni bamanzi nesisulu ngomlomo waso, ikakhulukazi uma sikhulu. Angithi ingubo enoboya yalezi zidalwa ayinamphumela wokuxosha amanzi, okusho ukuthi iba manzi futhi yenze inyoni ibe nzima.
Ngakho-ke, lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko azikwazi ukuvuleka futhi zitholakale emanzini isikhathi eside. Ngendlela, kunezimo ezingaphezu kokwanele ngisho nomphumela obulalayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezilwane ezincane, okwesithathu kwazo okufa ngale ndlela.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isidleke seKingfisher kungenzeka sitholakale osebeni olunesihlabathi, olunamawa kakhulu, izinhlaka zazo ezilenga ngqo ngaphezu kwamanzi omfula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaba lapha kufanele uthambe futhi ungabi namatshe amatshe nezimpande, ngoba uma kungenjalo izinyoni ezinjalo azikwazi ukumba izimbobo ezilungele inzalo ekhulayo.
Imvamisa, ubude bephaseji eliya lapho kuhlala amaphuphu bungaba imitha elilodwa nengxenye ubude. Futhi umhubhe ngokwawo uqondile ngqo lapho uya khona, ngaphandle kwalokho imbobo ngeke ikhanyiswe kahle ngomgodi wokungena.
Inkambo uqobo lwayo iholela egumbini lokwakha izidleke. Yilapho i-kingfisher engomama ibeka khona kuqala, bese ifukamela ngokulandelana nobaba wamaqanda omndeni, inani lawo ngokuvamile elingadluli izingcezu eziyi-8. Kuqhubeka kanjalo, kuze kuzalwe amaphuphu, amasonto amathathu.
Owesilisa ukhathazeka kakhulu ngamazinyane asanda kuzalwa. Futhi intombi yakhe, ikakhulukazi ngokushesha, iya ukuhlela omunye umgodi, ohloselwe ukuzala izingane ezintsha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubaba womndeni uphoqeleka ukuthi ondle izingane ezindadlana, kanye nensikazi, efukamelayo ikhulise inzalo encane.
Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokwenziwa kabusha kohlobo lwayo iqhubeka ngesivinini esisheshayo. Futhi ehlobo elilodwa, ama-kingfishers angabonisa umhlaba kuze kube yizinkukhu ezintathu.
Ngendlela, impilo yomndeni yalezi zinyoni inelukuluku lokwedlulele. Isibalo esikhulu esibhekele lapha yindoda. Imithwalo yakhe yemfanelo ifaka phakathi ukondla nokondleka kwabesifazane kanye nenzalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, isimilo somfazi uqobo, ngokwezindinganiso zomuntu, singathathwa njengokungenangqondo.
Ngenkathi i-kingfisher yesilisa ibhekene nezinkinga zomndeni ize ifike ekukhathaleni, intombi yakhe ingangena ebudlelwaneni nabesilisa abashiyeke bengashadile, ibashintshe ngokuthanda kwabo kaningi.
I-king kingfisher inesici esithakazelisayo. Uphawu olunjalo lukuvumela ukuthi uqonde ngendlela yokubamba inyamazane: kubhekiswe kubani. Ukubamba okuzithathela wena kuvamise ukutholakala ngoqhwaku nekhanda lalo elibheke kulo, futhi ukudla okubanjelwe ukusuthisa isizalo sowesifazane namachwane kususa ikhanda laso kude nalo.
Inzalo yama-kingfisher ivuthwa masinyane, ngakho-ke kungakapheli inyanga izelwe, isizukulwane esisha sifunda ukundiza nokuzingela sodwa. Kuyathakazelisa nokuthi imvamisa amalungu wombhangqwana oshadile aya ebusika ngokwahlukana, kepha lapho bebuya emazweni afudumele, bayahlangana ukukhulisa inzalo entsha nomlingani wabo wangaphambilini.
Ama-Kingfisher angakwazi ukuphila, uma izingozi ezibulalayo nezifo zingaphazamisi isiphetho sazo, cishe iminyaka eyi-15.
